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通过对翼蓼Pteroxygonum giraldii Damm. &; Diels及相关属(蓼属Polygonum、何首乌属Fallopia、虎杖属Reynoutria、荞麦属Fagopyrum和金线草属Antenoron)的形态观察、果实解剖学观察、花被片脉序观察、花粉形态、核型分析, 以及ITS序列的分析确定了翼蓼和荞麦F. esculentum Moench较远的亲缘关系。其中我们发现翼蓼果实基部有三个角状物明显不同于其他属果实的形态特征。翼蓼外果皮明显加厚, 并有零星散布的波状内腔, 而荞麦的外果皮很薄, 细胞不等径, 中果皮极厚。以上证据证明了翼蓼与荞麦属亲缘关系较远。在观察荞麦属和翼蓼的花被片脉络时发现了两种不同的脉序类型, 符合将荞麦属分为两个组的划分。翼蓼花被片脉序为三出状, 支持将翼蓼归为Persicarieae族。对翼蓼及荞麦属植物的花粉进行比较后, 发现荞麦属植物的花粉网孔有明显的内凹穿孔而翼蓼却没有, 结果表明二者亲缘关系较远。通过对nrDNA ITS区域序列分析得出翼蓼及相关属为一个单系类群, 含有两个稳定的分支: 第一个分支由蓼属(萹蓄组sect. Avicularia)、何首乌属、虎杖属的植物组成, 第二个分支由蓼属(刺蓼组sect. Echinocaulon、蓼组sect. Polygonum、分叉蓼组sect. Aconogonon、拳参组sect. Bistorta、翼蓼和荞麦属植物组成。同时第二个分支又分成了两个亚分支, 蓼属(刺蓼组、蓼组、分叉蓼组、拳参组)和翼蓼属Pteroxygonum植物属于第一个亚支而荞麦属植物属于第二个亚支。结果支持翼蓼不属于荞麦属的范畴。实验结果显示翼蓼是个单型属, 属于Persicarieae族。 相似文献
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许崇梅;曲畅游;于文光;张学杰;李法曾 《武汉植物学研究》2009,27(3):262-265
杠板归(Polygonum perfoliatum L.)的系统位置一直存在争议,文中以塔黄为外类群,采用最大简约法对杠板归及其近缘类群的trnL-F序列进行了系统发育分析,结果表明:(1)杠板归和刺蓼为姊妹群,自展分析的支持率为99%,分子证据支持杠板归归人刺蓼组,而没有必要单立组或属。(2)刺蓼组、春蓼组和头状蓼组植物聚在一起,自展支持率为100%,说明它们之间有很近的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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通过多年野外实地考察和资料统计分析,对蓼族植物在中国的地理分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,该类群在中国的分布具有一定规律。在水平分布上,物种数目由东北到西南呈逐渐增加的趋势,有6个高密度的分布区,集中沿横断山脉—秦巴山脉分布。除首乌属全国广泛分布外,其他各属或组均有其主要的分布区域。在垂直分布上,整个蓼族植物几乎都分布在海拔5 000 m以下。在海拔1 000~3 000 m,蓼族植物广泛分布,冰岛蓼属、拳参组、头状蓼组一年生型和神血宁组植物主要分布在海拔3 000 m以上,萹蓄组、春蓼组、刺蓼组、首乌属、虎杖属、金线草属和荞麦属主要分布在海拔1 000 m以下。 相似文献
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中国木蓼属的研究兼论木蓼族的系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我国木蓼属有11种,3变种,其中特有种3个。本文通过对它们的形态,花粉等性状的研究,探
讨了属的系统位置,提出了木蓼族的演化系统。在分析了木蓼属的性状后,认为木蓼组Sect
Tragopyrum(Bieb.)Meisn.较为原始,应置于刺木蓼组Sect.Atraphaxis之前。本文还研究了该属的地理分布,初步探讨了它的起源及现代分布格局的形成。 相似文献
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Gross morphology, fruit anatomy, tepal venation, pollen morphology, chromosome number and ITS sequence of Pteroxygonum Damm. & Diels as well as other related genera (Polygonum, Fallopia, Reynoutria, Fagopyrum, and Antenoron) have been investigated to evaluate the generic status of Pteroxygonum. Pt. giraldii Damm. & Diels has three sharp horns at the base of fruit, which is distinctive among all the genera investigated. Upon observation of fruits under a light microscope (LM), the exocarp of Pt. giraldii is usually thickened and delimited by the rectangular cells with some sporadic undulating lumen, while that of Fagopyrum is thin-walled and isodiametric to rectangular in the cell shape. Analysis of tepal venation was performed under a stereomicroscope, and two types of tepal venation were found in Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The type I is trifid, observed in Pt. giraldii, F. esculentum Moench, F. dibotrys (D. Don) Hara and F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. The type II, found in F. caudatum (Sam.) A. J. Li, F. urophyllum (Bur. & Franch.) H. Gross and F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Damm. ex Diels, has the main vein extending from tepal base with some secondary veins. Evidence from tepal venation supports the previous classification in which Fagopyrum can be divided into a large-achene group and a small-achene group. Pollen morphology was investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The exine ornamentation of Pt. giraldii was finely reticulate with lumina diameter wider than muri width. The exine ornamentation in all the examined Fagopyrum species is, however, prominently sunken punctuate. The phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) ITS sequences in Pteroxygonum and related genera indicated that all the species form a well-supported monophyletic group with two clades. One includes Polygonum sect. Avicularia Meisn., genus Fallopia and genus Reynoutria, and the other consists of other sections of Polygonum, genus Fagopyrum and Pteroxygonum. The latter clade can be divided into two subclades. Fagopyrum species compose the first one, while Pteroxygonum giraldii, species of Polygonum (except sect. Avicularia) and Antenoron form the second one. In consideration of the above evidence, we conclude that Pteroxygonum is an independent genus in tribe Persicarieae, and should not be merged into the genus Fagopyrum. 相似文献
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中国榕属榕亚属植物的系统发育初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对分布于中国的榕亚属植物的15个种和2个变种(分别代表榕亚属的3个组)的nrDNA的ITS序列和系统发育关系进行分析。结果表明,榕亚属是非单系起源,其中榕组构成了一个独立的单系群,与无花果亚属有较近的亲缘关系,而与榕亚属其它组间并未表现出近缘关系。榕亚属的其它5个组构成一单系群并得到中度的支持率。来自中国的种类分别聚在相应的组内。但环纹榕组被分成2个单支,其中来自中国的大叶水榕(F.glaberrima)和环纹榕(F.annulata)构成一个分支,二者表现较近的亲缘关系。榕亚属的亚洲特有组印度榕组在ITS树中聚在环纹榕组的另一个分支中,但它与此组其它种的亲缘关系并不清楚。 相似文献
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Carex sect. Spirostachyae comprises 25 species displaying the centre of diversity in Eurasia, while sect. Elatae comprises 22 species displaying the centre of diversity in tropical African mountainous regions. Phylogenetic analysis of the 136 ITS and 108 5′trnK intron sequences of 23 species of sect. Spirostachyae and 20 species of sect. Elatae revealed that neither section is monophyletic. With the exclusion of C. montis-eeka (sect. Spirostachyae) and C. insularis, C. iynx and C. longibrachiata (sect. Elatae), the sects. Spirostachyae and Elatae constitute a monophyletic group of 38 species, 22 of which were previously included in sect. Spirostachyae and 16 of which were in sect. Elatae (considering C. thomasii as C. mannii ssp. thomasii). Two main groups with different edaphic preferences were identified in the core Spirostachyae, in congruence with some morphological features. One group comprises primarily acidophilus species including 11 species of sect. Spirostachyae and 16 species of sect. Elatae. The other group includes 11 basophilic species of sect. Spirostachyae. Incongruence between nuclear and plastid genomes was detected, suggesting hybridization or lineage sorting processes in the evolution of the core Spirostachyae. 相似文献
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ZHANG Dian-Xiang 《植物分类学报:英文版》2001,39(3):203-223
Preliminary cladistic analyses of the genus Burmannia were performed using different
outgroups. Although results from different analyses were inconsistent in some aspects, some clades
were found in both analyses, suggesting the specific relationships among species in these clades are
well-solved. Of the two sections recognized by Jonker, sect. Foliosa is probably a monophyletic
group, while sect. Burmannia is not. If the loss of chlorophyll is considered to be an irreversibleprocess, holo-mycoheterotrophism has very likely emerged only once in the tribe Burmannieae. 相似文献
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水玉簪属系统发育重建的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以白玉簪科和兰科的代表种类分别作为外类群对水玉簪属进行了初步的分支分析。虽然运用不
同外类群进行分支分析产生的结果并不完全一致,但它们均显示了属内一些稳定“支”的结构及其种间关系。分支分析还表明:水玉簪属的两个组中,Foliosa组极可能是一个单系类群,而水玉簪组则是一并系类群。如果叶绿素的丧失是一个不可逆的进化过程,水玉簪族中全菌物异养习性的获得只出现过一 次。 相似文献
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GONZALO NIETO FELINER F. L. S. CARLOS AEDO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1995,119(3):195-212
Subgenus Erodioidea , comprising 19 species, is diagnosed exclusively by the type of fruit discharge and associated morphological characters, all of which are of widespread occurrence within the Geraniaceae. We have no evidence to suggest that the three included sections ( Erodioidea, Aculeolata and Subacaulia) form a monophyletic group. Cladistic analysis of a data set containing 30 morphological characters has confirmed our doubts of monophyly of the subgenus by placing part of the outgroup within the ingroup. Subsequent analyses of the two included non-monotypic sections, Erodioidea and Subacaulia , give different results. For both sections, the monophyly assumption is reasonably well-supported by characters. However, while analysis of sect. Erodioidea results in an explicit hypothesis of relationships and a fully resolved cladogram, resolution within sect. Subacaulia is low. For analysis of the latter, seven different outgroups were used and, in each one, the successive approximations weighting procedure (available in the program Hennig 86) was followed to improve resolution. Despite this, lower nodes in the cladogram remained unresolved, and strict consensus trees of all the analyses resulted in only a few replicated subterminal clades. These results are discussed in connection with biogeographical data and with the hypothesis that representatives of sect. Subacaulia are schizoendemics. 相似文献
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为探讨獐牙菜亚族(subtribe Swertiinae)各属之间和一些属内的系统关系,本研究选取了该亚族14属68种1变种,采用最大简约法(maximum parsimony)和贝叶斯法(Bayesian inference)对样品核基因ITS和叶绿体基因matK的两个片段进行独立和联合分析。结果显示:Bartonia位于亚族的最基部;喉毛花属(Comastoma)、肋柱花属(Lomatogonium)和假龙胆属(Gentianella)都非单系,处于同一个较为进化的分支中;獐牙菜属折皱组(Swertia sect. Rugosa)和獐牙菜组(S. sect. Swertia)亲缘关系最近,宽丝组(S. sect. Platynema)和藏獐牙菜组(S. sect. Kingdon Wardia)亲缘关系最近;口药花属(Jaeschkea)与獐牙菜属多枝组(S. sect. Ophelia)的大籽獐牙菜(Smacrosperma)亲缘关系最近。同时讨论了獐牙菜亚族形态分类与分子数据不一致的原因。 相似文献