共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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(超)高压对微生物的影响及其诱变效应探讨 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
(超)高压对微生物有多方面的影响,它不仅可使微生物细胞体积形态、细胞组分发生变化,还可使微生物的基因表达和核酸结构及其生物学功能发生改变。(超)高压的这些生物学效应,使其不仅可以应用到食品杀菌、保藏及某些加工过程,而且在微生物菌种诱变方面具有很大的应用潜力。这是因为(超)高压既然可以使核酸发生变化,那么它诱导微生物发生突变就很有可能。现从(超)高压对微生物的影响出发,并结合国内外有关实例及作者的研究工作,初步探讨其诱变育种的可行性。 相似文献
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昆虫肠道微生物的多样性、功能及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
昆虫肠道微生物种类繁多、数量巨大,在与宿主长期的协同进化过程中,不仅形成极为多样的种群结构,也进化出多样的生物学功能,对宿主的营养、生理、发育、防御、抗逆等方面都产生显著影响。近年来,越来越多的昆虫肠道微生物的多样性和生物学特性被揭示,具有农业、能源和环保价值的众多微生物种类和活性基因得到了开发,展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文将从昆虫肠道微生物的多样性、生物学功能、应用三个方面对近年来的研究进展进行总结,并进行展望。 相似文献
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微生物基因组序列测量及其重大意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
微生物基因组测序不仅可使人们更好地了解病原微生物的致病机制以及它们与宿主的相互关系,促进寻找更灵敏及特异的病毒原微生物的诊断,分型手段,而且为临床筛选有效的药物及发展疫苗提供参考,此外,它还能提高对人类相关基因功能的认识,为探讨人类遗传性疾病机制提供参考,本文就微生物序列测定重大的理论及应用价值作一简要概述。 相似文献
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乳酸菌是一种非常安全的微生物,其不仅能维持人体微生物系统的平衡,而且能帮助机体降低血脂、血压和抑制癌症,乳酸菌的这种生物学功能也使其在食品行业应用领域被不断开拓。文章从乳酸菌的分类和安全性出发,分析了乳酸菌在食品工业中应用的功能,介绍了乳酸菌在食品工业中的具体运用。 相似文献
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微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究刚起步。在介绍细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,展望了对该技术的发展。 相似文献
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A novel microfermentation and scale-up platform for parallel protein production in Escherichia coli is described. The vertical shaker device Vertiga, which generates low-volume high density (A600 ∼ 20) Escherichia coli cultures in 96-position deep-well plates without auxiliary oxygen supplementation, has been coupled to a new disposable shake
flask design, the Ultra YieldTM flask, that allows for equally high cell culture densities to be obtained. The Ultra YieldTM flask, which accommodates up to 1 l in culture volume, has a baffled base and a more vertical wall construction compared
to traditional shake flask designs. Experimental data is presented demonstrating that the Ultra YieldTM flask generates, on average, an equivalent amount of recombinant protein per unit cell culture density as do traditional
shake flask designs but at a substantially greater amount per unit volume. The combination of Vertiga and the Ultra YieldTM flask provides a convenient and scalable low-cost solution to parallel protein production in Escherichia coli. 相似文献
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Limits in virus filtration capability? Impact of virus quality and spike level on virus removal with xenotropic murine leukemia virus 下载免费PDF全文
David J. Roush Adam Myrold Michael S. Burnham Joseph V. and Joseph V. Hughes 《Biotechnology progress》2015,31(1):135-144
Virus filtration (VF) is a key step in an overall viral clearance process since it has been demonstrated to effectively clear a wide range of mammalian viruses with a log reduction value (LRV) > 4. The potential to achieve higher LRV from virus retentive filters has historically been examined using bacteriophage surrogates, which commonly demonstrated a potential of > 9 LRV when using high titer spikes (e.g. 1010 PFU/mL). However, as the filter loading increases, one typically experiences significant decreases in performance and LRV. The 9 LRV value is markedly higher than the current expected range of 4‐5 LRV when utilizing mammalian retroviruses on virus removal filters (Miesegaes et al., Dev Biol (Basel) 2010;133:3‐101). Recent values have been reported in the literature (Stuckey et al., Biotech Progr 2014;30:79‐85) of LRV in excess of 6 for PPV and XMuLV although this result appears to be atypical. LRV for VF with therapeutic proteins could be limited by several factors including process limits (flux decay, load matrix), virus spike level and the analytical methods used for virus detection (i.e. the Limits of Quantitation), as well as the virus spike quality. Research was conducted using the Xenotropic‐Murine Leukemia Virus (XMuLV) for its direct relevance to the most commonly cited document, the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q5A (International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999) for viral safety evaluations. A unique aspect of this work is the independent evaluation of the impact of retrovirus quality and virus spike level on VF performance and LRV. The VF studies used XMuLV preparations purified by either ultracentrifugation (Ultra 1) or by chromatographic processes that yielded a more highly purified virus stock (Ultra 2). Two monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) with markedly different filtration characteristics and with similar levels of aggregate (<1.5%) were evaluated with the Ultra 1 and Ultra 2 virus preparations utilizing the Planova 20 N, a small virus removal filter. Impurities in the virus preparation ultimately limited filter loading as measured by determining the volumetric loading condition where 75% flux decay is observed versus initial conditions (V75). This observation occurred with both Mabs with the difference in virus purity more pronounced when very high spike levels were used (>5 vol/vol %). Significant differences were seen for the process performance over a number of lots of the less‐pure Ultra 1 virus preparations. Experiments utilizing a developmental lot of the chromatographic purified XMuLV (Ultra 2 Development lot) that had elevated levels of host cell residuals (vs. the final Ultra 2 preparations) suggest that these contaminant residuals can impact virus filter fouling, even if the virus prep is essentially monodisperse. Process studies utilizing an Ultra 2 virus with substantially less host cell residuals and highly monodispersed virus particles demonstrated superior performance and an LRV in excess of 7.7 log10. A model was constructed demonstrating the linear dependence of filtration flux versus filter loading which can be used to predict the V75 for a range of virus spike levels conditions using this highly purified virus. Fine tuning the virus spike level with this model can ultimately maximize the LRV for the virus filter step, essentially adding the LRV equivalent of another process step (i.e. protein A or CEX chromatography). © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:135–144, 2015 相似文献
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The relationship between the dimensions of a microbe and the accumulation of that microbe in porous, inorganic structures has been determined. That relationship is dependent upon the cell dimensions, the mode of reproduction, and the pore diameter of the material. In order to achieve high accumulation of microbes that reproduce by fission, at least 70% of the pores of an inorganic carrier should have pore diameters in the range of one times the smallest major dimension through five times the largest major dimension of the cell. To achieve the highest accumulation of microbes that reproduce by budding, at least 70% of the pores should have pore diameters in the range of one times the smallest dimension of the cell and less than four times the largest cell dimension. These relationships were established by varying the physical parameters of the carriers as well as their chemical composition. 相似文献
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T. W. Bredy 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2014,13(7):721-731
Experience‐dependent changes in DNA methylation can exert profound effects on neuronal function and behaviour. A single learning event can induce a variety of DNA modifications within the neuronal genome, some of which may be common to all individuals experiencing the event, whereas others may occur in a subset of individuals. Variations in experience‐induced DNA methylation may subsequently confer increased vulnerability or resilience to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the detection of experience‐dependent changes in DNA methylation in the brain has been hindered by the interrogation of heterogeneous cell populations, regional differences in epigenetic states and the use of pooled tissue obtained from multiple individuals. Methyl CpG Binding Domain Ultra‐Sequencing (MBD Ultra‐Seq) overcomes current limitations on genome‐wide epigenetic profiling by incorporating fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and sample‐specific barcoding to examine cell‐type‐specific CpG methylation in discrete brain regions of individuals. We demonstrate the value of this method by characterizing differences in 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in neurons and non‐neurons of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of individual adult C57BL/6 mice, using as little as 50 ng of genomic DNA per sample. We find that the neuronal methylome is characterized by greater CpG methylation as well as the enrichment of 5mC within intergenic loci. In conclusion, MBD Ultra‐Seq is a robust method for detecting DNA methylation in neurons derived from discrete brain regions of individual animals. This protocol will facilitate the detection of experience‐dependent changes in DNA methylation in a variety of behavioural paradigms and help identify aberrant experience‐induced DNA methylation that may underlie risk and resiliency to neuropsychiatric disease. 相似文献
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Caspase-1 activation by Salmonella 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Salmonella is an interesting example of how the selective pressure of host environments has led to the evolution of sophisticated bacterial virulence mechanisms. This microbe exploits the first-line of defence, the macrophage, as a crucial tool in the initiation of disease. After invasion of intestinal macrophages, a virulence protein secreted by Salmonella specifically induces apoptotic cell death by activating the cysteine protease caspase-1. The pro-apoptotic capability is necessary for successful pathogenesis. The study of mechanisms by which Salmonella induces programmed cell death offers new insights into how pathogens cause disease and into general mechanisms of activation of the innate immune system. 相似文献
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Physical properties of cell water in partially dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
The equilibrium vapor pressure, the heat of vaporization, the dielectric increment, and the NMR spectra of partially dried cells were studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with water contents varying in the range from 25 to 0.8%. The comparative study of those physical properties suggests that physical states of the microbe can be classified into four regions in accordance with the states of the cell water: the solution region, the gel region, the mobile adsorption region, and the localized water region. Much difference in the physiological properties is found between the cells in the solution region and those in the gel region, whereas the pattern changes in physical properties take place when the cells in the gel region are dried to a further extent into the mobile or the localized region. The various modes in the molecular motion of the cell water reflected in those physical properties of the cell seem to give some insight into the biological functions of the molecule in the native as well as the dried states of the cell. 相似文献