外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下银杏幼苗渗透调节和抗氧化能力的影响

以4年生银杏幼苗为材料,进行不同浓度盐胁迫(50、100、200 mmol·L^-1)处理,叶片喷施和土壤浇灌外源褪黑素溶液(0、0.02、0.1、0.5 mmol·L^-1),研究外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下银杏幼苗渗透调节和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫显著抑制银杏幼苗渗透调节和抗氧化能力,而在盐胁迫下施用适宜浓度(0.02、0.1 mmol·L^-1)的外源褪黑素能够促进植株生长,降低电解质外渗率,减少黄酮和丙二醛含量,促进叶片中过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的提高,但高浓度(0.5 mmol·L^-1)外源褪黑素会进一步加剧氧化胁迫和渗透胁迫。0.02和0.1 mmol·L^-1外源褪黑素处理缓解了盐胁迫下银杏幼苗的渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫,且0.02 mmol·L^-1外源褪黑素处理对盐胁迫缓解效果最佳。地径、枝条宽度、枝条长度、电解质外渗率、SOD活性和黄酮含量可作为快速鉴定银杏受盐胁迫程度的关键指标。     

褪黑素预处理对高温下猕猴桃幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

为了探明外源褪黑素对高温胁迫下猕猴桃幼苗耐热性的影响,以盆栽‘秦美’猕猴桃幼苗为材料,进行根灌褪黑素溶液和45℃高温胁迫处理,并测定相关抗逆生理指标。结果表明：(1)与高温对照相比,褪黑素预处理显著降低了猕猴桃幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量,提高了脯氨酸含量以及过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性,且褪黑素溶液浓度在100~200 μmol·L^-1时效果较好。(2)褪黑素预处理显著增加了叶片中总酚、总黄酮和总黄烷醇含量,且幼苗的抗氧化能力(ABTS法、FRAP法和DPPH法)在胁迫过程中显著高于高温对照。研究认为,外源褪黑素可以通过提高植株体内抗氧化酶活性,非酶抗氧化物质如酚类物质和类黄酮物质含量以及渗透调节物质含量来增强植物的抗氧化能力,从而有效缓解高温对于猕猴桃幼苗的伤害,增强猕猴桃幼苗的耐热性。     

外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗抗氧化能力以及光合作用效率的影响

紫花苜蓿为多年生豆科优良牧草,土壤盐碱化是其产量的重要限制因素。该研究以‘中苜1号’紫花苜蓿为材料,在盐胁迫浓度和褪黑素浓度筛选试验基础上,设置盐(150 mmol/L NaCl)和褪黑素(30、50、80μmol/L)单独及复合处理,采用水培根灌褪黑素的方法,探究外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长特性、膜透性、渗透调节、抗氧化物酶以及光合作用指标的影响。结果表明:(1)紫花苜蓿幼苗生长受到盐胁迫的显著抑制,而在单独褪黑素处理下无显著变化;各浓度褪黑素处理均可有效缓解盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长造成的伤害,并以150 mmol/L NaCl+80μmol/L褪黑素处理(NaCl+MT2)效果最佳,其幼苗根长、根鲜重和根干重分别比盐胁迫处理显著增加了34.52%、41.93%和19.61%。(2)盐胁迫显著增加了紫花苜蓿幼苗细胞膜系统的透性和膜脂过氧化程度,NaCl+MT2处理幼苗叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量分别比盐胁迫处理显著降低了27.18%和30.24%,同时使幼苗叶片的相对含水量显著提高,脯氨酸含量却显著降低,表明外源褪黑素有效缓解了盐胁迫下细胞失水危害和细胞膜损伤的程度。(3)NaCl+MT2处理幼苗叶片的POD和SOD活性分别比盐胁迫处理显著提高31.45%和41.41%,其CAT活性却无显著变化,表明外源褪黑素可显著增强紫花苜蓿幼苗叶片POD、SOD活性,提高其活性氧的清除能力,减轻盐胁迫诱导的过氧化伤害。(4)盐胁迫显著抑制了紫花苜蓿幼苗光合作用效率,而NaCl+MT2处理幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较盐胁迫处理分别显著增加了30.27%、45.1%、42.15%。研究发现,盐胁迫致使紫花苜蓿幼苗叶片的活性氧积累显著增加,抗氧化物酶活性显著降低,显著降低了其光合作用效率,外源褪黑素通过提高紫花苜蓿的抗氧化能力和光合作用效率来促进幼苗生长,从而增强了紫花苜蓿的耐盐性。     

外源GSH对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及抗逆生理指标的影响

采用营养液栽培法,研究外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、根系活力、电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,为利用外源物质减轻盐胁迫伤害提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了番茄幼苗的生长、根系活力和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了电解质渗透率及MDA、Pro、可溶性糖含量;(2)外源喷施GSH能够诱导NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性上调,电解质渗透率及MDA含量下降,Pro和可溶性糖含量恢复至对照水平;(3)外源喷施还原型谷胱甘肽抑制剂(BSO)使NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗的根系活力以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降,脯氨酸含量提高;(4)喷施GSH可诱导BSO和NaCl共处理番茄植株的根系活力、SOD、POD、CAT活性提高,MDA和Pro含量降低。研究表明,外源GSH可通过提高促进盐胁迫下番茄幼苗植株渗透调节能力及清除活性氧的酶促系统的防御能力、降低细胞膜脂过氧化程度、保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制,提高其耐盐性。     

外源多胺对盐胁迫下玉米叶绿体结合态多胺水平和光合作用的影响

在100 mm o l/L N aC l胁迫下,研究了外源多胺-腐胺(Pu t)、尸胺(C ad)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)对玉米幼苗生长、光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿体结合多胺和叶片丙二醛(M DA)含量以及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施1 mm o l/L的Pu t、Spd和Spm可显著增加盐胁迫下玉米幼苗干物质重、叶绿体内结合态多胺的含量、叶片净光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm),并降低了叶片中M DA含量.外源Spd和Spm明显增加盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;外源Pu t可增强APX和POD活性,对CAT活性的影响不明显.这些结果表明多胺对玉米盐害的缓解作用可能是由于提高了叶绿体中结合态多胺的含量和叶片抗氧化酶的活性,从而增强了盐胁迫下的玉米光合能力.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下马铃薯幼苗生长和生理生化特征的影响

盐胁迫是影响作物生长的主要非生物胁迫类型，引起离子毒害和渗透胁迫，导致植物生长减弱、失绿、萎蔫甚至死亡。前期研究表明，适宜浓度的外源亚精胺能够缓解盐胁迫条件下植物叶片受损伤程度，提升生物膜抵抗盐离子伤害的能力，促进植物生长。该试验采用营养液培养法，以100mmol·L-1、200mmol·L-1、300 mmol· L-1NaCl溶液模拟不同盐胁迫程度，以中度耐盐品种晋薯16号、轻度耐盐品种冀张薯12号为试材，当马铃薯脱毒幼苗长至 4～5 片真叶时，连续叶面喷施0.9mmol·L-1外援亚精胺 7 d，2次/d。分析叶面喷施外源亚精胺（Spd）对不同盐胁迫程度条件下马铃薯幼苗生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明：（1）叶面喷施Spd缓解了盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用，提高了叶绿素含量和根系活力，提升超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)等抗氧化酶活性，以及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、氨基酸含量；（2）200 mmol· L-1NaCl胁迫条件下，Spd对“晋薯16号”缓解作用最显著。研究表明Spd通过提高马铃薯幼苗根系活力、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节能力，提高马铃薯幼苗对盐胁迫的适应性，促进马铃薯幼苗生长。     

硝基苯酚胁迫下外源褪黑素对水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用液体培养实验方法,研究硝基苯酚胁迫对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗生长、抗氧化特性、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)光合特性的影响,以及添加外源褪黑素对缓解硝基苯酚胁迫的作用。结果显示,随着硝基苯酚胁迫浓度的升高,水稻幼苗株高、根长、地下部干重、地上部干重、全株干重和叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率[Y(Ⅱ)]、光化学淬灭系数(q P)、PSⅡ电子传递速率(ETR)、叶绿素含量均有所下降,而叶片非光化学淬灭系数(qN、NPQ)上升;同时,根系活性氧[过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和超氧阴离子(O·-2)]积累量、抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)]活性,以及渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。在非硝基苯酚胁迫下,与对照组相比,添加外源褪黑素显著提高了幼苗地下部干重、根系可溶性糖含量和SOD活性、叶片PSⅡ光化学效率和叶绿素含量。与单独添加硝基苯酚处理相比,硝基苯酚+褪黑素复合处理显著缓解了硝基苯酚胁迫对幼苗生长、叶片PSⅡ光化学效率和叶绿素合成的抑制作用;降低了根系活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量。研究结果表明添加外源褪黑素能够显著缓解硝基苯酚胁迫对水稻幼苗生长、根系活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性、叶片PSⅡ光化学效率及叶绿素合成的不良影响,提高水稻幼苗对硝基苯酚胁迫的适应性。     

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下沙芦草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为明确外源褪黑素对沙芦草干旱胁迫的缓解效应,以‘盐池’沙芦草为试材,采用聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,研究沙芦草幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应以及外源添加不同浓度(0、1、10、50、100、150和200 mg·L^-1)褪黑素对干旱胁迫下沙芦草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著抑制沙芦草幼苗的生长,而外源添加不同浓度的褪黑素均能够缓解干旱胁迫引起的沙芦草幼苗生长抑制,并且当褪黑素浓度为100 mg·L^-1时缓解效果最显著。与单独干旱胁迫处理相比,在干旱胁迫下外源添加100 mg·L^-1褪黑素后沙芦草幼苗株高、地上干重和叶片相对含水量分别增加58.2%、121.2%和48.1%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加48.7%、80.8%和38.3%,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和根系活力分别增加12.6%、33.9%和39.1%,抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量分别增加19.5%和18.3%,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高16.2%、32.6%和14.3%,而丙二醛、过氧化氢和超氧阴离子含量分...     

叶面喷施褪黑素对干旱及复水下玉米光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响

为揭示叶面喷施外源褪黑素(MT)在干旱胁迫及复水下调控玉米的生理机制,该研究以玉米‘陕科9号’为试验材料,叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1褪黑素,在重度干旱胁迫和复水后测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶面积、地上部生物量、光合机构活性以及抗氧化酶活性等指标。结果表明：(1)外源喷施褪黑素能有效缓解干旱胁迫诱导的玉米生长发育抑制,同时显著提高干旱胁迫下玉米叶片光系统(PSⅡ和PSⅠ)有效量子产量［Y(Ⅱ)和Y(Ⅰ)］,并降低干旱胁迫下叶片PSⅠ 受体侧和供体侧限制引起的非光化学能量耗散的量子产量Y(ND)和Y(NA)。(2)喷施外源褪黑素显著增强了干旱胁迫玉米植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,显著降低了其丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量;同时外源褪黑激素也显著上调了其相应抗氧化酶活性相关基因的表达量。(3)复水后,干旱胁迫下经褪黑素处理的玉米植株叶片上述各参数恢复速度较单独干旱胁迫处理植株更快。研究认为,叶面喷施褪黑素有效缓解了干旱胁迫对玉米叶片的光合机构的损伤,增强了叶片抗氧化酶活性及相关基因的表达,显著降低了膜脂过氧化伤害程度,且复水后显著促进叶片生理功能的恢复,表明外源褪黑素可通过改善干旱及复水下玉米叶片光合效率和抗氧化能力,从而促进植株生长以适应干旱多变的环境。     

外源褪黑素对低温胁迫下茄子幼苗生长及其光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响

以‘沪茄08-1’茄子幼苗为试验材料,采用基质栽培方式,研究了叶面喷施50~200μmol·L-1外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对低温胁迫[(10±1)℃(昼)/(5±1)℃(夜)]下茄子幼苗生长、光合作用和抗氧化系统等生理指标的影响,以明确外源MT在茄子幼苗抵御低温逆境方面的生理机制。结果显示:(1)低温胁迫处理后,茄子幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重、叶绿素含量、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子产生速率(O-·2)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量均显著增加。(2)幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性及抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著升高,而其脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著增加;外源MT处理可有效增强低温胁迫条件下茄子幼苗叶片中SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR、DHAR活性,提高AsA和GSH含量,增加Pro和可溶性蛋白含量,显著抑制其叶片MDA、O-·2及H2O2的积累。研究表明,外源MT主要通过增强低温胁迫下茄子幼苗的光合作用以及清除活性氧的能力,减缓低温胁迫的危害,提高茄子幼苗对低温胁迫的耐性。     

Simultaneous Application of Rhizobium Strain and Melatonin Improves the Photosynthetic Capacity and Induces Antioxidant Defense System in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Salinity Stress

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) as a natural biostimulating substance provides a number of benefits in stimulating plant growth in stress situations due to its natural antioxidant capacity. Rhizobia also play crucial roles in supporting plant growth under environmental stress conditions. The overall goal of this research is to study the possible positive effects of melatonin and rhizobacterium in enhancing the growth and salinity tolerance of common bean. To accomplish this objective, we conducted in vitro experiment to select the optimal melatonin concentration and treatment time of seed priming for the best germination. Also, a greenhouse experiment was performed to investigate the effect of melatonin pre-treatment applied before rhizobial inoculation to improve the fitness of common bean under salinity stress. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design with six replications and three treatments: priming treatments (melatonin priming (PM100), hydro priming (PH) and dry (PD)), salinity (0, 4, 8, 10 and 16 dS m^?1) and Rhizobium strain (inoculated (RS?+) and uninoculated (RS?)). Our results showed that melatonin priming promoted bacterial colony size in Petri-dishes. The interactive effects of melatonin and RS?+?was found to alleviate reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and hence protect common bean chlorophylls a, b and carotenoid and photosynthetic activity and decrease malondialdehyde content through activation of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), facilitation of soluble protein synthesis, maintenance of Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis, and finally increase shoot dry weight (33.2, 39.5 and 31.5%) and seed yield (78.6, 91 and 54.2%) compared to the combination of PD and RS- treatments under 0, 4 and 8 dS m^?1 salinity levels, respectively. Thus, our findings suggest that seed priming with melatonin, especially 100 µM melatonin is an effective strategy that can be used to enhance salt tolerance in common bean.

     

Effects of ascorbic acid and gibberellin A3 on alleviation of salt stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings

Salinity, a severe environmental factor, has limited the growth and productivity of crops. Many compounds have been applied to minimize the harmful effects of salt stress on plant growth. An experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Naz) seedlings under salt stress. The changes of growth parameters, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments and potassium content showed that the addition of 1 mM AsA and/or 0.05 mM GA₃ considerably decreased the oxidative damage in common bean plants treated with 200 mM NaCl. The NaCl-stressed seedlings exposed to AsA or GA₃, specifically in their combination, exhibited an improvement in sodium accumulation in both roots and shoots, as compared to NaCl-treated plants. NaCl treatment increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and lipid peroxidation indicated by accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the interaction of AsA with GA₃ decreased the amounts of MDA and H₂O₂. In the meantime, interactive effect of these substances enhanced protein content and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, guaiacol peroxidase, in common bean plants under salt stress. It was concluded that synergistic interaction between AsA and GA₃ could alleviate the adverse effects of salinity on P. vulgaris seedlings.     

Exogenous melatonin improves growth and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber under salinity-induced stress

Melatonin mediates many physiological processes in animals and plants. To examine the potential roles of melatonin in salinity tolerance, we investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on growth and antioxidant system in cucumber under 200 mM NaCl stress conditions. The results showed that the melatonin-treated plants significantly increased growth mass and antioxidant protection. Under salinity stress, the addition of melatonin effectively alleviated the decrease in the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, and the total chlorophyll content. Our data also suggested that melatonin and the resistance of plants exhibited a concentration effect. The application of 50–150 μM melatonin significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, the pretreatment with melatonin reduced the oxidative damage under salinity stress by scavenging directly H₂O₂ or enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and concentrations of antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione). Therefore, the melatonin-treated plants could effectively enhance their salinity tolerance.     

Salt stress‐induced seedling growth inhibition coincides with differential distribution of serotonin and melatonin in sunflower seedling roots and cotyledons

Indoleamines regulate a variety of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and stress‐induced responses in plants. Present investigations report the effect of NaCl stress on endogenous serotonin and melatonin accumulation and their differential spatial distribution in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedling roots and cotyledons using HPLC and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively. Exogenous serotonin and melatonin treatments lead to variable effect on hypocotyl elongation and root growth under NaCl stress. NaCl stress for 48 h increases endogenous serotonin and melatonin content in roots and cotyledons, thus indicating their involvement in salt‐induced long distance signaling from roots to cotyledons. Salt stress‐induced accumulation of serotonin and melatonin exhibits differential distribution in the vascular bundles and cortex in the differentiating zones of the primary roots, suggesting their compartmentalization in the growing region of roots. Serotonin and melatonin accumulation in oil body rich cells of salt‐treated seedling cotyledons correlates with longer retention of oil bodies in the cotyledons. Present investigations indicate the possible role of serotonin and melatonin in regulating root growth during salt stress in sunflower. Effect of exogenous serotonin and melatonin treatments (15 μM) on sunflower seedlings grown in the absence or presence of 120 mM NaCl substantiates their role on seedling growth. Auxin and serotonin biosynthesis are coupled to the common precursor tryptophan. Salt stress‐induced root growth inhibition, thus pertains to partial impairment of auxin functions caused by increased serotonin biosynthesis. In seedling cotyledons, NaCl stress modulates the activity of N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase (HIOMT; EC 2.1.1.4), the enzyme responsible for melatonin biosynthesis from N‐acetylserotonin.     

Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defense systems,lipid peroxidation,and chlorophyll content in green bean

Salt stress-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), total chlorophyll content, and lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, in leaves of a green bean genotype Gevas sirsk 57 (GS57) and cv. Fransiz 4F-89 differing in salt tolerance were investigated. Plants were subjected to three salt treatments (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) under controlled climatic conditions for 7 days. The salt-sensitive cv. 4F-89 exhibited a decrease in GR activity at all salt treatments, but the salt-tolerant genotype GS57 showed only a slight decrease in GR under 50 mM salt treatment and an increase under 100 mM salt treatment. CAT and APX activities increased with increasing salt stress in both varieties. CAT and APX activities were higher in the salt-tolerant GS57 than salt-ensitive cv. 4F-89. The two varieties showed an increase in MDA content with an increase in salinity, but the increase in sensitive cv. 4F-89 under salt stress was higher than that in salt-tolerant GS57 genotype. The increasing NaCl concentration caused a reduction in the chlorophyll content in cv. 4F-89 but not in GS57.     

外源水杨酸和茉莉酸对荞麦幼苗耐盐生理特性的效应

以盐敏感荞麦品种‘TQ-0808’幼苗为材料,采用100mmol·L^（-1）NaCl并添加不同浓度水杨酸（sA）和茉莉酸（JA）的处理方法,测定荞麦耐盐生理指标,确定外源SA和JA对荞麦耐盐生理特性的效应。结果表明,外源SA和JA均能明显降低盐胁迫下荞麦叶片质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,外源SA降低的幅度略高于JA,外源SA最适浓度为0．6mmol·L^（-1）外源SA和JA均能明显增加盐胁迫下荞麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性及叶片净光合速率,外源JA增加的幅度明显大于SA,外源JA最适浓度为40gmol·L^（-1）。外源sA和JA明显改善盐胁迫下荞麦的生理特性,对盐胁迫具有较好的缓解作用,说明通过适当浓度的外源SA和JA处理来提高荞麦耐盐性是可行的。     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.     

木薯华南8号组培苗对盐胁迫的生理响应

以NaCl胁迫生长的木薯(Manihot esculenta)华南8号(SC8)组培苗为材料,研究不同浓度(0、5、20、35、50 mmol·L-1及R50 mmol·L-1)NaCl处理对SC8组培苗的生长状况及叶绿素、过氧化氢(H2 O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响.结果表明:≤20 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫60 d对SC8组培苗的生长基本无影响;≥35 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫60 d抑制了SC8组培苗的生长,但高浓度(50 mmol·L-1)胁迫30 d后正常培养30 d,可以使SC8组培苗的长势得到恢复.叶绿素和MDA含量在≤35 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下较对照出现积累现象,随NaCl浓度升高(≥50 mmol·L-1)含量开始下降;与对照相比,H2 O2含量在NaCl胁迫下未出现积累现象.NaCl胁迫下,POD、CAT和APX活性较对照均有所提高;较高浓度的NaCl处理下,SOD、CAT和APX活性开始降低.实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,≥50 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,SOD、CAT、POD和APX的表达水平较对照出现上升现象.这说明短时间的盐胁迫不会对木薯造成致死伤害,可以通过调节生理指标的活性来提高木薯的耐盐性.