海南果实蝇属分类研究及二新种记述(双翅目,实蝇科,寡鬃实蝇亚科)

以2000～2004年间海南省实蝇监测和野外采集的标本为材料,对海南果实蝇属Bactrocera Macquart进行了分类研究.除记述下列2新种:二条果实蝇B.(Bactrocera)bivittata Lin et Wang,sp.nov,黄盾短条果实蝇Bactrocera (B.)flavoscutellata Lin et Wang,sp.nov.并附特征图外,还提供海南果实蝇属分种检索表.新种模式标本保存于海南出入境检验检疫局,海口.     

桔小实蝇雌成虫对寄主挥发物β-石竹烯的行为反应

寄主植物挥发性化合物往往对昆虫产卵场所的选择具有重要的影响,为了明确桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis众多寄主中是否存在特定的挥发物能够引诱桔小实蝇雌成虫产卵,本研究对桔小实蝇3种寄主(番石榴、橙子和芒果)果实的挥发物进行了鉴定,并测试了相关挥发物对桔小实蝇产卵行为的影响.研究结果表明3种寄主果实均能引诱桔小实蝇产卵并且β-石竹烯是3种寄主果实中共有的挥发物;Y型嗅觉仪和四臂嗅觉仪测试均表明低浓度β-石竹烯(9 μg/mL)对桔小实蝇雌成虫具有引诱作用,但高浓度β-石竹烯对桔小实蝇没有引诱作用;增加寄主番石榴果实中β-石竹烯的含量也会显著降低果实对雌虫产卵的诱集效果.本研究证实了特定浓度的β-石竹烯在桔小实蝇产卵行为中的作用,为开发该虫防治中的推拉策略提供了一种思路.     

中国果实蝇属种类的DNA条形码鉴定(双翅目,实蝇科)

将实验获得的25种果实蝇的155条COⅠ条形码序列,利用MEGA4.1的Kimura-2-Parameter模型进行了遗传距离分析和构建系统发育树,来检验线粒体COⅠ基因条形码序列对果实蝇属种类鉴定的有效性。研究表明COⅠ条形码序列能够对除桔小实蝇复合体外的中国果实蝇属种类进行准确鉴定。     

桔小实蝇寄生蜂一新记录种--切割潜蝇茧蜂

首次记述了中国寄生桔小实蝇的切割潜蝇茧蜂Opius incisi Silveslri．该蜂隶属膜翅目茧蜂科潜蝇茧蜂亚科。研究标本保存于福建农林大学植保学院益虫室。     

杨梅果实成熟度及挥发物对斑翅果蝇定向行为的影响

【目的】杨梅Myrica rubra作为中国特有的水果,是斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii Matsumura的主要寄主之一,且受其危害严重。通过室内测定不同成熟度杨梅果实及其挥发物对斑翅果蝇定向行为的影响,明确不同成熟度杨梅果实及其挥发物在斑翅果蝇寄主定向中的作用。【方法】利用动态顶空吸附法提取不同成熟度的杨梅果实挥发物,并用Y-型嗅觉仪测定斑翅果蝇对不同成熟度杨梅果实及其挥发物的嗅觉反应。【结果】杨梅果实成熟度愈高,其p H值和糖度值愈高、酸度值愈低;成熟杨梅果实对斑翅果蝇已交配雌虫和未交配雌虫引诱效果极显著(P0.01),半熟杨梅和生杨梅果实对斑翅果蝇未交配雌虫引诱效果极显著(P0.01)、对已交配雌虫引诱效果显著(P0.05);3种成熟度杨梅果实对斑翅果蝇雌虫(已交配或未交配)引诱效果均表现为:成熟杨梅果实半熟杨梅果实生杨梅果实;成熟杨梅果实挥发物对斑翅果蝇已交配雌虫和未交配雌虫引诱效果显著(P0.05),半熟杨梅和生杨梅果实挥发物对斑翅果蝇未交配雌虫引诱效果显著(P0.05),但对已交配雌虫引诱效果不显著(P0.05)。【结论】不同成熟度杨梅果实及其挥发物对斑翅果蝇的定向行为有重要的影响。     

云南瑞丽果实蝇属二新种记述(双翅目,实蝇科,寡鬃实蝇亚科)

记述采自中国云南瑞丽的果实蝇属(双翅目,实蝇科)2新种,拟黑颜果实蝇 Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)proprediaphraWang,Xiao et Chen,sp.nov.和瑞丽果实蝇 Bactrocera(Bactrocera)ruiliensis Wang,Xiao et Chen,sp.nov..2新种的正模及其中的4个副模标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所,其余的副模标本保存于瑞丽出入境检验检疫局.     

中国果实蝇属一新纪录种(双翅目,实蝇科)(英文)

记述中国果实蝇属(双翅目,实蝇科)1新纪录种:泰国果实蝇Bactrocera thailandica Drew & Hancock,1994(图1～7).研究标本保存于云南大学生命科学学院.     

基于mtDNA COI基因序列的中国柑橘果实蝇的分子鉴定及柑橘大实蝇种群的遗传多样性分析

【目的】探明危害我国柑橘的实蝇种类以及柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax不同地理种群和不同寄主种群的遗传多样性。【方法】利用mtDNA COI基因对危害柑橘的果实蝇进行种类鉴定,采用MEGA软件对其中28个地理种群的535头果实蝇COI基因片段(约505 bp)序列进行比对,分析种间及种内遗传距离,构建系统发育树。使用DnaSP软件分析柑橘大实蝇不同地理种群和不同寄主种群的遗传多样性。【结果】从柑橘虫果内共鉴定出4种实蝇,分别为柑橘大实蝇B.minax、桔小实蝇B.dorsalis、蜜柑大实蝇B.tsuneonis和瑞丽果实蝇B.ruiliensis。这4种实蝇的种间遗传距离为0.0264～0.2410,种内遗传距离为0.0000～0.0140,种间与种内遗传距离没有重叠区域。单个柑橘虫果内一般仅有1种实蝇,极个别柑橘果实可同时被两种实蝇危害(4/43);在这些为害柑橘的实蝇种类中,以柑橘大实蝇的个体数量比例最大,占90.70%。柑橘大实蝇地理种群遗传多样性高,28个种群共有17个单倍型。【结论】柑橘大实蝇是所调查地区柑橘实蝇的绝对优势种,其种群遗传分化程度较高,扩散危害风险大。本研究结果对柑橘果实蝇类的监测和防控具有重要意义。     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS BACTROCERA MACQUART FROM CHINA ( DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE)

记述采自中国云南的果实蝇属(双翅目,实蝇科)1新种,陈氏果实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)cheni sp.nov.,模式标本保存于福建农林大学益虫研究所.陈氏果实蝇,新种Bactrocera(Bactrocera) cheni sp.nov.(图1～4)新种属于桔小实蝇复合体,新种与龙目实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) lombokensis Drew et Hancock相近,与后者的区别为:中足腿节内端1/3具黑褐色斑,后足腿节内端1/4具黑褐色斑,中足胫节黄褐色,向基部颜色加深.正模♂,云南景洪,2010-12-20,Cue-lure引诱,张南南采.副模4 ♂ ♂,同正模.词源:新种种名源自分类专家S.H.Chen的姓氏.     

神农架林区花蝇的初步调查

我国花蝇种类繁多,但鄂西北神农架林区的花蝇尚缺乏研究。为此,我们于1985年4、5月间,以网捕法对该区花蝇进行了调查,隔日一次,全天采集。经鉴定,包括以往发现的虫种在内,共有8属10种,其中鞍板球果花蝇为湖北省新纪录,标本保存于镇江医学院寄生虫学教研室。一、种类名录1.粪种蝇Adia cinerella(Fallen);2.横带花蝇Anthomyia illocata Walker;3.陈氏拟花蝇Calythea cheni Fan;4.白斑拟花蝇C.nigricans(R.-D.);5.三条地种蝇Delia flabellifera(Pandelle);6.灰地种蝇D.platura(Mg.);7.长板粪泉蝇Emmesomyia hasegawai Suwa;8.乡隰蝇Hydr…     

福州实蝇监测初报

自2005年5月29日至2006年5月28日在福州金山福建农林大学校园内进行了实蝇监测。采用甲基丁香酚(M e)、诱蝇酮(Cue)和地中海实蝇诱芯(T),诱集到橘小实蝇[Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis]、瓜实蝇[B.(Zeugodacus)cucurbi-tae]、南瓜实蝇[B.(Zeugodacus)tau]和具条实蝇(B.scutellata)4种实蝇,但未诱到地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)。其中,橘小实蝇诱集量最大,8月中下旬达到高峰。本研究为掌握福州地区实蝇发生动态提供了基础资料。     

基于性信息诱捕监测广东桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇发生动态及其对2种常用农药的抗药性评价

利用性信息素诱捕的方法对广东省茂名、佛山、梅州和韶关的桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)种群动态进行监测;并用药膜法测定了两种实蝇不同地理种群成虫对阿维菌素和甲维盐的抗药性情况。结果表明,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇在所监测的4个地市全年均有发生,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇种群数量发生高峰期集中在5月中旬至8月中旬,从4月中旬开始田间种群数量开始增加,10月中旬以后种群数量急剧下降,高峰期与果实成熟期基本吻合。抗药性监测结果表明,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇对阿维菌素和甲维盐的抗药性有逐年上升趋势,广东4个地市桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇已对阿维菌素产生中等抗性水平;2019年11月监测梅州地区桔小实蝇种群和韶关瓜实蝇种群对甲维盐抗性倍数分别为4.32和3.42倍,仍处于敏感水平,其余地区种群对甲维盐均达到了低水平或中等水平抗性。     

Capture probability of released males of two Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in detection traps in California

The genus Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) includes approximately 70 polyphagous species that are major pests of fruit and vegetable crops. Most Bactrocera species have limited geographic distributions, but several species are invasive, and many countries operate continuous trapping programs to detect infestations. In the United States, California maintains approximately 25,000 traps (baited with male lures) specifically for Bactrocera detection distributed over an area of approximately 6,400 km2 (2,500 miles2) in the Los Angeles area. Although prior studies have used male lures to describe movement of Bactrocera males, they do not explicitly relate capture probability with fly distance from lure-baited traps; consequently, they do not address the relative effectiveness of male lures in detecting incipient populations of Bactrocera species. The objective of this study was to measure the distance-dependent capture probability of marked, released males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (methyl eugenol- and cue lure-responding species, respectively) within the detection trapping grid operating in southern California. These data were then used to compute simple probability estimates for detecting populations of different sizes of the two species. Methyl eugenol was the more powerful attractant, and based on the mark-recapture data, we estimated that B. dorsalis populations with as few as approximately 50 males would always (>99.9%) be detected using the current trap density of five methyl eugenol-baited traps per 2.6 km2 (1 mile2). By contrast, we estimated that certain detection of B. cucurbitae populations would not occur until these contained approximately 350 males. The implications of the results for the California trapping system are discussed, and the findings are compared with mark-release-recapture data obtained for the same two species in Hawaii.     

对性引诱剂监测桔小实蝇雄成虫技术的改进

研究了添加方式、监测点位置以及监测区域环境对应用性引诱剂甲基丁香酚监测桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalisHendel雄成虫动态效果的影响。试验结果表明,采用分期分批、多次添加性引诱剂的方式监测桔小实蝇雄成虫动态,可消除因监测区域内所有诱瓶同一时间添加性引诱剂而造成的浓度突变所引起的成虫出现干扰性高峰,获得更准确的虫情监测结果;监测点的设置位置明显影响监测结果,监测点应包括果园内和果园外;选择较大且环境复杂的区域作为监测点可获得更明确的年发生动态规律。在以上研究基础上,提出了应用性引诱剂监测桔小实蝇雄成虫动态的监测方法。     

Impact of introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and classical biological control releases of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on economically important fruit flies in French Polynesia

Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was discovered on Tahiti Island in July 1996. Eradication programs were conducted from 1997 to 2001, but failed. From 1998 to 2006, B. dorsalis was recovered from 29 different host fruit from the five Society Islands: Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa, and Huahine. Analysis of coinfestation patterns by B. dorsalis, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), and Bactrocera kirki (Froggatt) suggested B. dorsalis had displaced these two species and become the most abundant fruit fly in coastal areas. To suppress B. dorsalis populations, a classical biological control program was initiated to introduce the natural enemy Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) into French Polynesia from Hawaii. Wasps were released and established on Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa, and Huahine Islands. In guava, Psidium guajava L., collections for Tahiti, F. arisanus parasitism of fruit flies was 2.1, 31.8, 37.5, and 51.9% for fruit collected for 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Based on guava collections in 2002 (before releases) and 2006 (after releases), there was a subsequent decrease in numbers of B. dorsalis, B. tryoni, and B. kirki fruit flies emerging (per kilogram of fruit) by 75.6, 79.3, and 97.9%, respectively. These increases in F. arisanus parasitism and decreases in infestation were similar for other host fruit. Establishment of F. arisanus is the most successful example of classical biological control of fruit flies in the Pacific area outside of Hawaii and serves as a model for introduction into South America, Africa, and China where species of the B. dorsalis complex are established.     

Microsatellite markers for the pest fruit fly,Bactrocera papayae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and other Bactrocera species

The dorsalis complex contains some of the most economically important fruit fly pests of the Asia–Pacific regions, including Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae. These species are morphologically indistinct and genetically very similar. We describe the development of 12 microsatellite markers isolated from a representative of the dorsalis complex, B. papayae. We show the potential utility of the B. papayae microsatellites and a set of microsatellites isolated from Bactrocera tryoni as population and species markers for the dorsalis complex.     

低温处理对枇杷中橘小实蝇的杀灭效果

【背景】橘小实蝇是水果国际贸易中被关注的有害生物。枇杷为福建名优水果,同时福建为橘小实蝇疫区,枇杷橘小实蝇的检疫处理技术是保证枇杷出口的关键环节。【方法】对人工接入枇杷果实中的橘小实蝇卵和幼虫的低温感受性、小规模处理和大规模处理及低温对枇杷果实品质的影响进行研究。【结果】橘小实蝇2—3龄幼虫混合虫态最耐受低温;1．5℃下处理12d,可完全杀死枇杷果实中的橘小实蝇,并且低温处理对枇杷果实无损伤。【结论与意义】低温可用于枇杷内橘小实蝇的检疫处理。     

桔小实蝇生物学特点及其防治研究概述

桔小实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)是危害热带、亚热带水果的重要检疫性害虫之一,本文综述了桔小实蝇主要生物学、生态学特点和防治措施的研究进展,包括桔小实蝇在国内的总体分布情况,对寄主的选择差异,各虫态的形态特征、发育历期和不同因子对其生长发育的影响,生活史以及农业防治、化学农药防治、诱杀防治、生物防治、物理防治等不同防治方法的研究和应用情况,并对今后的研究提出一些建议。     

利用微卫星标记初步分析橘小实蝇4个地理种群的遗传多态性

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Bactrocera)(Hendel)是我国重要的检疫性害虫,对果蔬生产及其国际贸易造成很大影响。作者运用微卫星分子标记技术,用6对微卫星引物对采自我国福建、广东、云南3个地区及邻近国越南橘小实蝇种群间的遗传关系进行了初步分析,结果显示上述4个橘小实蝇地理种群间存在一定的遗传差异,地理隔离是造成这一差异的主要原因。     

Wing shape as a potential discriminator of morphologically similar pest taxa within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Four morphologically cryptic species of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly complex (B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. philippinensis) are serious agricultural pests. As they are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic techniques, we examined the potential for geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape to discriminate between them. Fifteen wing landmarks generated size and shape data for 245 specimens for subsequent comparisons among three geographically distinct samples of each species. Intraspecific wing size was significantly different within samples of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis s.s. but not within samples of B. papayae or B. philippinensis. Although B. papayae had the smallest wings (average centroid size=6.002 mm±0.061 SE) and B. dorsalis s.s. the largest (6.349 mm±0.066 SE), interspecific wing size comparisons were generally non-informative and incapable of discriminating species. Contrary to the wing size data, canonical variate analysis based on wing shape data discriminated all species with a relatively high degree of accuracy; individuals were correctly reassigned to their respective species on average 93.27% of the time. A single sample group of B. carambolae from locality 'TN Malaysia' was the only sample to be considerably different from its conspecific groups with regards to both wing size and wing shape. This sample was subsequently deemed to have been originally misidentified and likely represents an undescribed species. We demonstrate that geometric morphometric techniques analysing wing shape represent a promising approach for discriminating between morphologically cryptic taxa of the B. dorsalis species complex.