水位变化影响蝌蚪存活、形态表型和植物血凝素反应

为探究黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪形态和生理特征对水位变化的响应,对480只大小相似的蝌蚪进行快速、中速和慢速干涸处理,统计各发育时期时长和存活率,测定变态完成后幼蛙的身体和内脏器官大小,以及对植物血凝素(PHA-P)的反应。结果表明: 对照组蝌蚪的变态时长最长,显著长于快速、中速和慢速干涸组;不同处理变态存活率在72.5%～90.8%,其中对照组最高,快速干涸组最低。对照和慢速干涸组幼蛙的体重和体长均显著高于中速和快速干涸组,快速干涸组体宽、体重与体长的比值、胴体湿重以及肺和脂肪体的湿重系数均最低,但心、脾、肾和消化器官的湿重系数和消化道各段的长度系数均无明显的组间差异。不同处理幼蛙对PHA-P的最大反应值均出现于注射后3 h,且中速和慢速干涸组的最大反应值均显著高于对照组,而快速干涸组与各组均无显著差异。表明黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪可通过加速变态发育进程来应对干旱胁迫,但会出现个体变小、细胞介导的免疫能力下降,不利于其成功登陆。     

变态前后花背蟾蜍蝌蚪消化器官大小及各型白细胞百分比的适应性变化

以戈斯纳(Gosner,1960)分期表为标准,测定了28、38、42、44、45和46期野生花背蟾蜍(Pseudepidalea raddei)身体和消化器官的大小,并通过断尾或心脏穿刺采血技术,测定了各型白细胞的百分比及嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(N/L的比值)的变化。结果表明:体重、体全长及尾长随发育阶段先升后降,而重长比和体长则一直增加;小肠长度和湿重均在38期最高,后者显著高于42期;肝湿重从28期至45期逐渐增加,但46期时下降;嗜中性粒细胞的百分比45期显著高于38期,嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比44期显著高于42和45期;淋巴细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比及N/L的比值均不随发育阶段而变化。这些结果提示,花背蟾蜍蝌蚪能量获取器官和能量贮存器官的大小分别在变态高峰期和登陆前达到最大值,嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的比例变化有助于蝌蚪从水生过渡到陆地生活、完成变态发育过程。     

SPF级与普通级新西兰兔血液学参数的比较

目的对普通级新西兰兔进行剖宫产,获得SPF兔,比较SPF兔和普通级兔血液学参数。方法采取剖宫产手术培育成无菌兔,接种正常寄生菌使之SPF化。耳缘静脉采血,自动生化分析仪测定SPF兔、普通级兔血液学参数。结果经检测SPF兔符合国家SPF兔标准;SPF兔和普通级新西兰兔白细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞容积、中性粒细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、中性粒细胞数、单核细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞数、总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白、谷酰转肽酶、葡萄糖、钙、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等参数差异极显著（P〈0.01）;血小板数、淋巴细胞百分比、肌酐差异显著（P〈0.05）;红细胞数、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞体积分布宽度、平均血小板体积、单核细胞百分比、淋巴细胞数、白蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、尿酸、磷、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结论不同等级微生物环境对新西兰兔血液学指标有显著影响。     

车轮虫感染奥尼罗非鱼的白细胞分类百分比变化

车轮虫(Trichodina spp.)是奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×Oreochromis niloticus)养殖中最常见的一种原生动物寄生虫。实验测定了感染组和未感染组中奥尼罗非鱼的各类型白细胞的百分比。感染组该鱼血液中的淋巴细胞和嗜中性粒细胞百分比极显著高于未感染组;未感染组该鱼血液中的单核细胞百分比极显著高于感染组。发现嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞可能在抵御车轮虫入侵中起着重要作用;单核细胞在抵御车轮虫起着一定的作用。表明奥尼罗非鱼感染车轮虫后,细胞免疫增强。     

水族馆养殖中华鲟血细胞指标的变化

血细胞是临床健康的重要指标。本文对北京海洋馆养殖的40尾中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）外周血细胞组成进行研究,研究对象包括超过30龄、18龄、16龄、15龄、11龄、7龄和4龄共7个龄组,并分析比较不同年龄、性腺快速发育前后以及处于疾病前后血细胞指标变化,希望应用于健康评价。结果表明,1）外周血红细胞总数（RBC）平均为（5.56 ± 1.19）× 1011/L,18龄和11龄与其他龄组之间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）,超过30龄组血细胞比积（HCT）和血红蛋白（HB）值显著高于其他龄组（P < 0.05）;2）白细胞总数（WBC）平均为（16.53 ± 4.94）× 109/L,18龄与4龄间存在显著差异,且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。3）白细胞分类计数（DLC）中各类型白细胞平均所占百分比分别为,大淋巴细胞（LLYM）5.26% ± 3.95%、小淋巴细胞（SLYM）77.74% ± 11.73%、嗜中性粒细胞（NEU）9.40% ± 7.98%、嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）1.90% ± 2.06%和单核细胞（MON）5.50% ± 4.00%,超过30龄和4龄间显著差异,且分别与其他龄组间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）。4）性腺进入快速发育阶段后,红细胞总数、血细胞比积和白细胞总数较发育前均显著增加（P < 0.05）,血红蛋白值有增加但差异不显著。5）疾病中华鲟白细胞总数显著增高（P < 0.05）并伴随红细胞各指标降低,白细胞数增加幅度达90%,分类计数中中性粒细胞和单核细胞比例显著变化（P < 0.05）。中华鲟快速发育阶段及疾病状态的血细胞组成不同,血细胞密度的变化以及分类计数的差异可及时判断中华鲟健康状况,结果对中华鲟的健康评价与保育研究有重要的参考意义。     

肺炎支原体感染对儿童血常规参数及C反应蛋白水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae, MP）感染对儿童血常规数及C反应蛋白（C reactive protein, CRP）水平的影响。方法：以60例肺炎支原体抗体（MP-IgM）阳性患儿作为观察组,选取同期60名MP-IgM阴性儿童作为对照组,对两组患儿血常规参数和CRP水平进行回顾性分析。结果：与对照组比较,观察组红细胞压积、血红蛋白、单核细胞比例、单核细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数均数或中位数升高,嗜碱性粒细胞比例、嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞比例、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞比例（LY）、淋巴细胞比计数（LY#）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、红细胞平均体积、平均血小板体积、血小板压积、血小板分布宽度、血小板计数、红细胞分布宽度均数或中位数降低;观察组患儿的CRP水平中位数显著高于对照组,以上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic多元回归分析结果显示,MP感染与淋巴细胞比例、淋巴细胞比计数降低具有正相关性（P<0.05）。结论：MP感染患儿的血常规参数和CRP水平均发生变化,临床医生应对这些参数给予关注和连续监测,从而提高诊疗效果。     

王锦蛇出生至1月龄白细胞百分比的变化模式及其适应意义

为探究王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)胚后发育免疫系统的建立过程,为其健康养殖和疾病诊断提供基础生物学数据,在室温为(26±2)℃、相对湿度为70%~80%的条件下,每组5条幼蛇,连续监测了出壳组(0 d)、蜕皮组(出壳后7~10 d),灌喂鸡蛋液10 d组(出壳后20 d)和20 d组(出壳后30 d),其体重、体长、重长比和血液中各型白细胞的百分比的变化情况。结果表明:从0 d至30 d,体重增加了20.37%,但无明显的组间差异(P0.05);蜕皮组和灌喂10 d组的体长显著高于出壳组(P0.05);重长比无明显的组间差异(P0.05);嗜中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的百分比均无组间差异(P0.05);单核细胞的百分比出壳组较高,灌喂10 d组较低,但无组间差异(P0.05),而嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比灌喂10 d组高于出壳组(P0.05);胚后发育30 d内,王锦蛇的体重和体长持续增加,各型白细胞在出壳时已发育完全,但随发育进程的推进,单核细胞的百分比表现出下降的趋势,而嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比则明显增加,这可能与开口后的食物刺激及基于它们的生活习性而导致的被咬伤的概率增加有关,提示在养殖过程中应先以流质食物灌饲为主,并避免将个体差异较大的幼蛇置于同一蛇箱中。     

湘华鲮外周血细胞形态特征及嗜中性粒细胞 吞噬与杀菌能力

采用血涂片、显微测量、血细胞计数及嗜中性粒细胞吞噬功能和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝还原试验方法,于光学显微镜下观察分析三种水体湘华鲮（Sinilabeo decorus tungting）外周血细胞形态结构、大小、种类及数量。结果表明,湘华鲮外周血细胞中有红细胞、血栓细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞,红细胞比例最高,达80%以上,白细胞中血栓细胞最多,占70% ~ 74%。大水面网箱养殖的湘华鲮外周血红细胞数量显著低于水泥池和土池养殖个体（0.01 < P < 0.05）,而白细胞的数量、种类及各类白细胞所占比例较为稳定,不随养殖方式的变化而发生显著变化（P > 0.05）,但水泥池湘华鲮嗜中性粒细胞的吞噬与杀菌能力较其他两种养殖方式显著下降（0.01 < P < 0.05）。因此,建议湘华鲮宜在水质良好的流水环境中养殖。     

华南虎血常规两种测定方法的比较应用

通过全自动血细胞分析仪与人工镜检法分别对华南虎（Panthera tigris amoyensis）血常规进行分析,并对获得结果做比较分析,探究建立适合华南虎血细胞分析的方法。收集临床华南虎血液标本40份,分别使用全自动血液分析仪和人工显微镜检法对红细胞、白细胞进行计数检测,并对白细胞进行分类分析。如人工计数和仪器计数获得的数据均符合正态分布,则应用配对样本T检验比较差异性,否则应用非参数检验（两个相关样本：Wilcoxon带符号秩检验）。相关性采用Spearman分析,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果表明,通过两种方法获得的红细胞计数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率结果差异均不显著（P > 0.05）;淋巴细胞比率、单核细胞比率和嗜碱性粒细胞比率,两种方法检测结果具有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。红细胞计数（r = 0.915）、白细胞计数（r = 0.832）、淋巴细胞比率（r = 0.832）、中性粒细胞比率（r = 0.481）应用两种方法获得的结果相关性均较好。单核细胞比率（r = 0.283）、嗜酸性粒细胞比率（r = 0.309）、嗜碱性粒细胞比率（r = 0.146）两种检测方法相关系数都低于0.4,且P值接近或大于0.05,呈弱相关或极弱相关。全自动血细胞分析仪可准确测定华南虎红细胞、白细胞数量,计数具有准确、快速、可靠的优点;然而,该法不适用于白细胞分类计数,必要时人工与仪器结合方可保证检验结果的准确性。本研究为实现华南虎血细胞快速准确分析提供参考。     

欧洲鳗鲡外周血细胞的显微和超微结构

利用光镜和透射电镜技术研究了欧洲鳗鲡（Anguilla anguilla）外周血细胞的显微和亚显微结构。结果表明：在外周血细胞中可以区分出红细胞、单核细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞;嗜中性粒细胞内的特殊颗粒包括A、B、C三型;嗜中性粒细胞分为Ⅰ型粒细胞（内含A、B、C三种特殊颗粒）、Ⅱ型粒细胞（内含A型和C型两种特殊颗粒）和Ⅲ型粒细胞（内含C型特殊颗粒）。还见到幼稚的和正在分裂的红细胞和单核细胞,提示示幼稚的红细胞能直接进入外周血流中,嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞无论在血涂片上或超薄切片上均未见到。描述了上述各种血细胞在光镜和电镜观察下的形态和细微结构。血栓细胞体积最小,嗜中性粒细胞体积最大;淋巴细胞数目最多,嗜中性粒细胞数目最少。     

葡萄糖和维生素C对镇海林蛙蝌蚪生长 及其三种酶活性的影响

营养源对动物生长发育具有重要作用。本文采用静水实验浸泡法探究葡萄糖和维生素C对镇海林蛙(Rana zhenhaiensis)蝌蚪生长及其苹果酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶及淀粉酶活性的影响。在葡萄糖实验组共分为0.5、1.0和2.0 g/L三个浓度组,维生素C实验组共分为10.0、20.0和30.0 mg/L浓度组,另设1组加曝气水作为对照组。在葡萄糖实验组中,蝌蚪存活率在不同实验组间的差异不显著(P0.05)。变态时间在0.5 g/L和1.0 g/L实验组最短,分别为(43.0±4.0)d和(43.0±3.4)d,2.0 g/L实验组最长,为(46.2±5.4)d,且实验组间差异显著(P 0.05)。变态时,0.5 g/L实验组的体重和体全长最大,且各实验组间的体重差异显著(P 0.01),但体全长差异不显著(P 0.05)。增重率在0.5 g/L实验组最高,为(9.67±1.71)mg/d,对照组最低,为(7.54±1.22)mg/d,且各实验组之间差异显著(P0.05)。维生素C实验组中,存活率在各实验组间差异不显著(P 0.05)。所有实验组蝌蚪的发育历期在实验第7、14、21和28天时均大于对照组。变态时间在所有的实验组相似,为43 d左右(P 0.05)。变态时,蝌蚪的体重(P 0.05)和体全长(P 0.05)在20.0 mg/L实验组和30.0 mg/L实验组最大,对照组最小,但各实验组间差异不显著。蝌蚪的增重率在20.0 mg/L和30.0 mg/L实验组最高,10.0 mg/L实验组最低,但不同实验组间差异不显著(P 0.05)。生化酶活性检测中,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性在葡萄糖实验组和维生素C实验组中均随实验浓度的增加而增加。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和淀粉酶(AMS)活性分别在葡萄糖的1.0 g/L实验组和维生素C的10.0 mg/L实验组达到最高。本研究结果表明,10.0mg/L维生素C或1.0g/L葡萄糖为镇海林蛙蝌蚪的最适外源物添加浓度,能促进蝌蚪的生长和体内酶活性。该研究结果将为镇海林蛙的养殖提供一定的理论参考数据。     

Trait Performance Correlations across Life Stages under Environmental Stress Conditions in the Common Frog,Rana temporaria

If an organism''s juvenile and adult life stages inhabit different environments, certain traits may need to be independently adapted to each environment. In many organisms, a move to a different environment during ontogeny is accompanied by metamorphosis. In such organisms phenotypic induction early in ontogeny can affect later phenotypes. In laboratory experiments we first investigated correlations between body morphology and the locomotor performance traits expressed in different life stages of the common frog, Rana temporaria: swimming speed and acceleration in tadpoles; and jump-distance in froglets. We then tested for correlations between these performances across life stages. We also subjected tadpoles to unchanging or decreasing water levels to explore whether decreasing water levels might induce any carry-over effects. Body morphology and performance were correlated in tadpoles; morphology and performance were correlated in froglets: hence body shape and morphology affect performance within each life stage. However, performance was decoupled across life stages, as there was no correlation between performance in tadpoles and performance in froglets. While size did not influence tadpole performance, it was correlated with performance of the metamorphosed froglets. Experiencing decreasing water levels accelerated development time, which resulted in smaller tadpoles and froglets, i.e., a carry-over effect. Interestingly, decreasing water levels positively affected the performance of tadpoles, but negatively affected froglet performance. Our results suggest that performance does not necessarily have to be correlated between life stages. However, froglet performance is size dependent and carried over from the tadpole stage, suggesting that some important size-dependent characters cannot be decoupled via metamorphosis.     

Survival, development, and gonadal differentiation in Rana dalmatina chronically exposed to chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide among the most widely used in the world, which is suspected to be an endocrine-disrupting compound. To determine the capacity of chlorpyrifos to affect gonadal differentiation in Rana dalmatina, tadpoles were exposed to this pesticide during larval development until completion of metamorphosis at ecologically relevant concentrations (0.025 and 0.05 mg/L). No effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on survival, development, or metamorphosis were observed. After a 1 month metamorphosis, the gonadal phenotype was determined by gross morphology and histological examination. Morphological and histological analysis revealed normal ovaries or testes in froglets belonging to control group, whereas testes from several froglets exposed to chlorpyrifos were interspersed with testicular oocytes in histological sections. Chlorpyrifos exposure during the entire larval period did not affect sex ratio, but reduced the percentage of males with histologically normal testes. The findings suggest that chlorpyrifos exposure has significant effects on gonadal differentiation in some animals by inducing an intersex condition and alterations to testicular morphology, and that R. dalmatina is sensitive to endocrine disruption. Thereby, this study provides evidence that the ecologically relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos, although not adversely affect the survival, development, or metamorphosis, may interfere with sex differentiation and reproductive development of R. dalmatina via endocrine-disrupting mechanisms.     

Simultaneous activation of genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and gluconeogenetic enzymes coincides with a corticosterone surge period before metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis

Amphibian tadpoles are postulated to excrete ammonia as nitrogen metabolites but to shift from ammonotelism to ureotelism during metamorphosis. However, it is unknown whether ureagenesis occurs or plays a functional role before metamorphosis. Here, the mRNA-expression levels of two urea cycle enzymes (carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I [CPSI] and ornithine transcarbamylase [OTC]) were measured beginning with stage-47 Xenopus tadpoles at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), between the onset of feeding (stage 45, 4 dpf) and metamorphosis (stage 55, 32 dpf). CPSI and OTC expression levels increased significantly from stage 49 (12 dpf). Urea excretion was also detected at stage 47. A transient corticosterone surge peaking at stage 48 was previously reported, supporting the hypothesis that corticosterone can induce CPSI expression in tadpoles, as found in adult frogs and mammals. Stage-46 tadpoles were exposed to a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex, 10–500 nM) for 3 days. CPSI mRNA expression was significantly higher in tadpoles exposed to Dex than in tadpoles exposed to the vehicle control. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression increased during the pre-metamorphic period. In addition to CPSI and OTC mRNA upregulation, the expression levels of three gluconeogenic enzyme genes (glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1) increased with the onset of urea synthesis and excretion. These results suggest that simultaneous induction of the urea cycle and gluconeogenic enzymes coincided with a corticosterone surge occurring prior to metamorphosis. These metabolic changes preceding metamorphosis may be closely related to the onset of feeding and nutrient accumulation required for metamorphosis.     

麻醉剂七氟烷与地氟烷对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔手术过程中七氟烷与地氟烷麻醉对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响。方法:随机选取85例年龄在20-60岁的患者,将患者随机分成二组,分别使用七氟烷与地氟烷进行麻醉。在麻醉前30 min和麻醉后2-24 h分别检测患者白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞的数量、T辅助淋巴细胞(CD4)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CD8)、自然杀伤性淋巴细胞、激活T淋巴细胞的百分比,CD4/CD8的比值,血浆皮质醇含量。结果:二组患者白细胞与中性粒细胞麻醉24 h后显著升高(P0.01)。地氟烷组中性粒细胞数量显著高于七氟烷组(P0.05)。CD4细胞的百分比在七氟烷组中无显著改变,在麻醉后2h,地氟烷组(31.93%[6.65%])同基础值(36.41%[6.92%])相比显著降低(P0.05),24 h后进一步下降(30.52%[8.01%])(P0.01)。七氟烷组CD4/CD8比值一直无变化,但地氟烷组在麻醉2 h降低(1.51[0.52]),24 h明显升高(1.82[0.72])(P0.05)。结论:与地氟烷相比,七氟烷对中性粒细胞群与T细胞群的影响较小。     

Early exposure to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</Emphasis> causes profound immunosuppression in amphibians

Fungal pathogens have evolved a broad suite of strategies aiming at evading the host immune response. Amphibians are globally infected by the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and, while robust innate immune defences have been characterised, there is little evidence for the existence of effective adaptive immunity. We determine the immune response of the common midwife toad following challenge by Bd as larvae. Immune function was described for both the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses following infectious challenge as larval amphibians. While there were no significant differences in the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes between infected and uninfected individuals, early exposure of tadpoles to Bd significantly dampened the levels of circulating immunoglobulins (IgM and IgY) in the serum of juveniles after metamorphosis. Our results show that Bd immunosuppresses amphibians when infection occurs as larvae with potentially broad effects on the remodelling of immunity during metamorphosis.     

Coding of amplitude modulation in the auditory midbrain of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) across metamorphosis

The functional development of the auditory system across metamorphosis was examined by recording neural activity from the torus semicircularis of larval and postmetamorphic bullfrog froglets in response to amplitude-modulated sound. Multiunit activity in the torus semicircularis during early larval stages showed significant phase-locking to the envelopes of amplitude-modulated noise bursts, up to modulation rates as high as 250 Hz. Beginning at metamorphic climax and continuing into the froglet period, phase locking was restricted to the more limited frequency range characteristic of adult frogs. The onset of operation of the tympanic pathway does not reinstate the highly synchronous neural activity characteristic of the operation of the fenestral pathway. Modulation transfer functions based on spike count did not show tuning for modulation rate in early stage tadpoles, but a greater variety of shapes of these functions emerged as development proceeded. Most of the different kinds of modulation transfer functions seen in adult frogs were also observed in froglets, but band-pass functions were not as sharply peaked. These data suggest that different neural codes for processing of the periodicity of complex signals operate in early stage tadpoles than in postmetamorphic froglets. Accepted: 7 October 1998     

黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪断尾后的补偿生长和发育研究

动物在经历不利的生长条件或环境后往往出现补偿生长。研究了黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)蝌蚪经历来自食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)捕食造成断尾损伤后的补偿生长模式、断尾损失对蝌蚪游泳能力以及变态时间与大小的影响。结果表明,经历捕食压力后,全尾组和1/3断尾组蝌蚪的体长显著大于1/2断尾组蝌蚪的体长,全尾组和1/3断尾组之间的蝌蚪体长差异不显著;第19天时,1/2断尾组蝌蚪经过补偿生长后体长显著大于全尾组蝌蚪,1/3断尾组与全尾组和1/2断尾组之间的蝌蚪体长差异均不显著;三个实验组之间蝌蚪尾长差异不显著;全尾组蝌蚪的疾游速显著大于1/2断尾组蝌蚪的疾游速,1/3断尾组蝌蚪的疾游速与全尾组和1/2断尾组之间差异不显著,表明严重断尾对蝌蚪疾游速产生了消极影响。三个实验组蝌蚪的变态时间和变态前后形态差异均不显著。黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪能够在变态前调整生长轨迹补偿早期捕食风险造成的生长损失,断尾损失并不影响变态时间与大小,断尾超过一半的蝌蚪经过补偿生长后仍要付出一定的运动代价。