光照和温度对大百合种子萌发的影响

研究了不同光照和温度条件对大百合种子萌发的影响。结果表明:光照对大百合种子的萌发有明显促进作用,可提高种子萌发率。种子萌发率以24 h光照20℃恒温最佳。避光条件下温度对大百合种子萌发有影响,其种子萌发最适温度为20℃,11 d开始萌动,3周左右萌发完全,随着温度的升高或降低其种子萌发率下降。萌发前经不同预处理的大百合种子的萌发率不同。同一果实内中部种子萌发最好,上部种子次之,下部种子最差,上、中、下三部分种子萌发率与其千粒重呈正相关。     

长江中游地区野生百合资源调查及利用前景

通过对长江中游地区野生百合资源进行调查,发现长江中游地区有野生百合资源14个种和3个变种即野百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. brownii)、百合(L. brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker)、宜昌百合(L. leucanthum (Baker) Baker)、渥丹(L. concolor Salisb. var. concolor)、有斑百合(L. concolor Sali sb. var. pulchellum (Fisch.)Regel)、滇百合(L. baberianum Coll.et Hemsl)、大理百合(L.taliense Franch.)、药百合(L.speciosum Thunb. var. gloriosoides Baker)、湖北百合(L.henryi Baker)、南川百合(L. rosthornii Diels)、宝兴百合(L. duchartrei Franch.)、山丹(L. pumilum DC.)、川百合(L. davidii Duchartre)、条叶百合(L. callosum Sieb. et Zucc.)、乳头百合(L. papilliferum Franch.)、绿花百合(L. fargesii Franch.)和卷丹(L. tigrinum Ker Gawler)。对野生百合在长江中游地区分布现状、观赏特性及开发利用价值进行了分析,为百合新品种培育奠定基础。同时对长江中游地区野生百合资源的保护和合理开发利用提出建议。     

辽宁省百合属植物资源现状及调查分析

通过对辽宁省12个市县实地调查,以及相关标本和文献的查阅,明确了辽宁省沈阳、鞍山和葫芦岛等市县分布有垂花百合(Lilium cernuum Komar)、大花卷丹(Lilium leichtlinii var.maximowiczii Baker)、卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)、轮叶百合(Lilium distichum Nakai)、毛百合(Lilium dauricum Ker-Gawl)、山丹(Lilium pumilum DC.)和渥丹(Lilium concolor Salisb)等7种野生百合资源。同时,分析了7种野生百合的分布特征和资源现状,详细讨论了历史记录和调查结果。     

溶氧、pH及其他理化因子对蓖齿眼子菜种子萌发的影响

研究了溶氧、pH、光强、冷处理、温度、营养以及激素处理等条件对蓖齿眼子菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:溶氧对种子的最终萌发率有影响,缺氧条件下比正常条件和氧饱和条件下的萌发率高,但缺氧条件下萌发的幼苗为白化苗,不能正常生长发育;光照和pH对种子萌发的影响不显著。4℃冷处理能够使种子萌发时间提前和提高种子的萌发率;在15—27℃之间,提高温度能够加快种子的萌发速度,但温度过高则萌发率降低,在15℃、20℃和27℃下的最终萌发率分别为90.0%、90.0%和56.7%;不同的营养水平对种子萌发影响不显著。生长素NAA(0.1—5.0mg/L)、细胞分裂素6-BA(0.1—5.0mg/L)、赤霉素GA3(0.1—5.0 mg/L)不能加快蓖齿眼子菜种子萌发的速度和提高萌发率。     

毛百合与山丹幼苗发育的比较形态学

本文对东北产百合属中鳞叶分节的毛百合Lilium dauricumKer-Gawl.和鳞叶不分节的山丹L.pumilum DC.种子的形态、大小、千粒重等特征,种子萌发方式和幼苗发育形态学进行了比较研究。同时对百合属的东北百合L.distichum Nakai、渥丹L.concolor Salisb.、条叶百合L.callo-sum Sieb.et Zucc.、垂花百合L.cernuum Komar.、朝鲜百合L.ama-bile Palibin.等的相应性状作了一般的平行观察,为进一步开展本属的分类工作积累了某些生物学的基础资料。     

光照和温度对滇丁香种子萌发的影响

研究了不同光照和温度条件对滇丁香(Luculia pinciana)种子萌发的影响。结果表明,滇丁香种子是需光种子,有明显的光休眠现象;种子在光下萌发的最适温度范围为20~25℃,8~10d开始萌发,2~3周萌发完全,萌发率可达97%,温度的升高或降低均会降低种子萌发率。在15~30℃,用250mg/L GA₃处理24h能代替光照解除光休眠。     

梓叶槭种子生物学特性研究

对两个不同种源地的梓叶槭(Acer catalpifolium Rehd.)种子进行了形态结构特性和萌发特性研究,结果表明,梓叶槭种子呈压扁状椭圆形,为无胚乳种子.都江堰种源地的种子千粒重为(28.4±0.81) g,显著大于峨眉山种源地(18.5±0.39)g.种子吸水过程分3个明显阶段:0～1 h是急剧吸水的过程,1～12h吸水较缓慢,12～96h吸水量又急增.温度对2个种源地的种子萌发率有显著影响, 25 ℃是其种子萌发的适宜温度,萌发率分别为48.7%±3.06%(都江堰种源)、42%±2.00%(峨眉山种源),在光照和黑暗条件下,种子萌发率没有显著差异,种子均能正常萌发.     

丛毛垂叶榕种子萌发的光敏感性及其生态意义

以丛毛垂叶榕（Ficns benjamina L．var．nuda）种子为实验材料,研究了温度、光照、植物激素（GA3、6-BA、乙烯）和含氮化合物（硝普钠、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐）对种子萌发的影响,讨论了光在丛毛垂叶榕种子萌发中的生态意义。在交替光照下（14h光照,10h黑暗,12μmol m^-2s^-1）,种子在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃和30℃,20℃下的最终萌发率分别为87．5％、100％、100％、100％、98％、89％和100％;种子的平均萌发时间分别为34．7d、16．3d、5．6d、4．8d、6．4d、9d和6．3d。黑暗条件下,种子在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃和30℃／20℃下萌发35d,种子的萌发率为零;添加交替光照后,种子迅速萌发。0．5～20μmol m^-2s^-1的光照强度显著地增加种子的最终萌发率,不同的光照强度对种子的最终萌发率没有明显的影响,但影响种子的萌发速率。在24h光暗周期下,种子的最终萌发率随着光期长度的增加而显著提高。在连续光照下处理24h、36h和48h后能够促进种子在随后的连续黑暗中萌发。不同浓度的GA3、6-BA、乙烯、硝普钠、NaNO3和NaNO2处理不能代替光照在黑暗条件下促进种子萌发,添加交替光照后,种子迅速获得萌发能力。丛毛垂叶榕种子的上述萌发行为与其长期适应热带雨林的生境密切相关。     

星油藤种子萌发的生态学特性研究

对星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.)成熟种子特征及影响种子萌发的因素进行了研究。结果表明,星油藤种子的萌发对温度非常敏感,低温(15℃)下种子的萌发率极低;在25℃~35℃的适宜温度下,2周内种子全部萌发,25℃/15℃的变温没有显著提高种子的萌发率。光照不是星油藤种子萌发的必要条件,但能使种子在变温条件下萌发率降低。种子经极度脱水(1.55%)和液氮处理24 h后,在合适温度(30℃)下仍能全部萌发。常温环境(25℃~35℃,适宜水分)下星油藤种子就可以非常好地萌发,这也是原产地热带雨林林下幼苗更新良好的原因,因此,星油藤适宜采用种子育苗。     

胡杨种子萌发对温光条件和盐旱胁迫的响应特征

以胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子为材料,分别设置光照(连续光照、12h光照/12h黑暗、连续黑暗)温度(10/15℃、15/20℃、20/25℃、25/30℃、30/35℃和35/40℃)试验、PEG6000渗透胁迫(0、-0.1、-0.2、-0.4、-0.6、-0.8、-1.0、-1.2、-1.4和-1.6MPa)试验和NaCl胁迫(0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40、0.60和0.80mol/L)试验,考察室内种子萌发对温度、光照和盐旱胁迫的敏感性,揭示胡杨种子萌发阶段对生境资源的适应策略。结果显示:(1)胡杨种子在温度(10℃/15℃~35℃/40℃)与连续光照、连续黑暗和12h光照/12h黑暗组合处理条件下均能萌发,且最终种子萌发率均能达到77%以上;3种光照条件下,种子萌发的最适温度范围均为25℃/30℃~30℃/35℃,在该温度范围种子萌发表现出快速、集中的特点,且3种光照条件对种子萌发的影响无显著差异。(2)胡杨种子可以在-1.4~0 MPa渗透势溶液中萌发,而在-1.0~0 MPa间最终萌发率均达到90%以上,且相互之间无显著差异;但当渗透势低于-0.4 MPa时胡杨种子萌发进程和萌发速率受到显著影响,当溶液渗透势低于-1.2 MPa时种子萌发受到显著抑制。(3)胡杨种子可以在0~0.80mol/L NaCl溶液中萌发,而最终萌发率、萌发速率均随着NaCl溶液浓度的增高逐渐降低,但在0~0.20mol/L范围内无显著差异;当NaCl溶液浓度大于0.20mol/L时,种子最终萌发率、种子萌发进程和萌发速率均受到显著抑制,萌发高峰期逐渐向后推移。研究结果表明,胡杨种子萌发时温度比较宽泛,对光照无严格要求,适宜温度下萌发快速集中,且萌发时对盐旱胁迫具有一定程度的忍耐性。这些特性有助于胡杨种子充分利用有限的水分条件而快速完成萌发,是胡杨种子萌发对干旱荒漠地区干旱少雨环境的一种生态适应策略。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.