密切接触宠物兔后幼儿鼻孔周围体癣1例

报道1例密切接触宠物兔后发生在幼儿双侧鼻孔周围及上唇部的体癣。患儿4岁,因“鼻唇部红斑、鳞屑、伴瘙痒10余日”就诊。取皮屑镜检见真菌菌丝及毳毛内孢子,培养见棒形分隔大分生孢子、葡萄串状小分生孢子及螺旋菌丝。尿素酶试验阳性、毛发穿孔试验阳性,鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。经内服伊曲康唑胶囊和外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗6d后红斑瘙痒明显减轻,34d后皮损消退。复查真菌阴性。     

难辨认癣1例

36岁女性患者,右小腿丘疹红斑、脓疱、渗液伴瘙痒5个月。查体见:右小腿可见大小不等的丘疹红斑,伴有糜烂渗液。真菌荧光镜检:阳性,真菌培养:须癣毛癣菌,诊断:难辨认癣。口服伊曲康唑分散片0.1 g,2次/日,外用酮康唑乳膏2次/日,治疗2周后,皮损明显好转,治疗1个月后,右小腿皮肤基本恢复正常,目前随访中。     

须癣毛癣菌致儿童脓癣1例

报道由须癣毛癣菌引起的儿童头部脓癣1例.患儿为4岁幼女,因头皮部丘疹1个月,脓肿4d就诊.内服青霉素V钾无效.取断发镜检查见发外真菌孢子,培养鉴定为须癣毛癣菌,细菌培养为棒状杆菌.经内服和外用特比萘芬抗真菌,静脉输入头孢噻肟钠联合克林霉素及万古霉素抗细菌治疗,12d后脓肿减轻,细菌培养阴转,但真菌培养仍阳性,继续抗真菌治疗2个月后皮损消退,真菌检查阴性.     

误诊2年的左上臂难辨认体癣1例

报道1例由须癣毛癣菌引起的难辨认体癣。患者女,45岁,左臂伸侧多处红斑、丘疹伴脱屑、瘙痒2a余。曾多次就医诊断不明,患处皮损取活检做病理检查倾向于＂银屑病＂但疗效不佳。刮取皮屑镜检见真菌菌丝,小培养见葡萄串状小分生孢子及螺旋菌丝,尿素酶试验阳性,毛发穿孔试验阳性,鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。经内服特比萘芬和外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗28d后皮损消退,复查真菌阴性。     

误诊为头皮脓肿经抗生素及植皮治疗无效的脓癣——附2例报告

目的 报道2例误诊为头皮脓肿经长期抗生素及植皮治疗失败的须癣毛癣菌所致的脓癣病患者,分析脓肿和脓癣的鉴别要点。方法 例1为9岁男童,头皮外伤后脓肿、溃疡28d,经抗生素治疗无效,行植皮术后5d再发生脓肿溃疡。取皮损处断发行10％KOH涂片镜检、培养,发现并分离出致病真菌,沙堡弱琼脂培养基上呈白色粉状菌落,可使含尿素培养基变红,即尿素酶试验阳性,小培养见螺旋菌丝及分隔棒状大分生孢子,鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。例2为8岁女童,头顶脓肿、溃疡24d,抗感染治疗不愈而接受植皮,术后7d再发脓性丘疹。从皮损处标本中发现、分离出致病真菌,经上述方法鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。结果 2例患者结合真菌学检查和临床表现确诊为脓癣,予伊曲康唑100mg／d内服近2个月皮损均痊愈,但供皮区遗留瘢痕和色素改变。结论 真菌病原学检查是避免脓癣误诊的关键,伊曲康唑内服治疗脓癣有效、安全。     

面癣误诊1例

报道由须癣毛癣菌感染引起并被长期误诊的面癣1例。患者女,37岁,因"面部反复红斑、丘疹、水疱伴瘙痒半年"就诊。多次被误诊为单纯疱疹、脓疱疮、湿疹、皮肤感染、脂溢性皮炎及玫瑰痤疮等,先后应用抗病毒、抗感染和抗过敏治疗,皮损未能完全消退并逐渐扩大。再次就诊,真菌学直接镜检阳性,真菌培养为须癣毛癣菌。给予口服特比萘芬片、外用联苯苄唑乳膏治疗后痊愈。     

须癣毛癣菌所致脓癣病发的扫描和透射电镜观察及菌体外酶活性分析：2例报告

目的报道2例由须癣毛癣菌引起的脓癣,并对病发做扫描和透射电镜观察及菌体外分泌酶活性测定。方法例1为6岁女孩,表现为头顶部炎性肿块、脓血伴脱发;例2为1岁8个月男孩,表现为头部红斑,无脓肿及脱发。家中分别饲养宠物狗和兔。病发真菌镜检均阳性后做真菌培养、生化鉴定及分子生物学鉴定。对2例患儿病发用扫描和透射电镜进行超微结构观察。对2株分离的菌株分别进行细胞外分泌酶测定。结果2株菌均鉴定为万博节皮菌（须癣毛癣菌的有性期）。扫描电镜见例1的病发受累毛干表面大量炎性组织碎屑、红细胞、脓细胞及上皮细胞;透射电镜在毛皮质内发现菌体。扫描电镜见例2的受累毛干表面真菌孢子及炎性渗出物;透射电镜见毛发内外菌体。2株菌的外分泌酶主要为碱性磷酸酶、白氨酸芳胺酶、β-葡萄糖甙酶、N-乙酰-葡萄糖胺酶、α-甘露糖甙酶。经口服伊曲康唑胶囊等综合治疗后2例均痊愈,未见不良反应。结论确诊2例须癣毛癣菌所致脓癣,伊曲康唑胶囊等药物联合治疗有效。     

须癣毛癣菌所致面部体癣继发癣菌疹1例

报道1例由须癣毛癣菌引起面部体癣后继发的癣菌疹。患者女,10岁,因右眶周红斑、鳞屑10 d就诊。鳞屑直接镜检查见菌丝,培养生长的菌落鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。内服特比萘芬、外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗8 d后面部及颈胸部出现片状红斑,考虑为癣菌疹,加服抗过敏、抗炎药物(左西替利嗪、复方甘草酸苷片)、外用卤米松/三氯生软膏14 d后皮损消退。     

母女共患须癣毛癣菌感染3例CSCD

病例1,女,9岁,头皮红斑、丘疹、脱屑,伴脓肿1个月,切开引流术后1 d;病例2,女,9岁,鼻背红斑2周伴脓疱3 d。病例3,女,38岁,面部红斑、脱屑,伴瘙痒1周。病例1、2为孪生姐妹,病例3为病例1、2的母亲。3例患者皮损经真菌镜检、培养及分子生物学测序均鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。病例1密切接触过流浪猫。病例1诊断为脓癣,经口服甲泼尼龙(美卓乐)片,口服伊曲康唑胶囊,外用酮康唑洗剂后病情明显好转。病例2、3诊断为面癣,外用卢立康唑4周后痊愈,未留瘢痕。以上病例目前仍在随访中。     

须癣毛癣菌致成人眉区脓癣1例

报告1例由须癣毛癣菌引起的眉毛区域脓癣。患者女性,46岁,左眉部周围红斑1个月。致病菌株经真菌学鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。给予盐酸特比萘芬250mg/d口服,硝酸舍他康唑软膏外用,治疗1个月后皮损完全愈合。     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.