维生素A对体外培养人脐带间充质干细胞生长的影响

该实验以人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs)为研究对象,探讨维生素A对其体外培养的影响。结果显示,添加维生素A培养后,hUCMSCs仍维持其本身生物学特性,表达其标记基因CD29、CD44和干细胞标记基因Oct4、Sox2、Nanog。维生素A促进hUCMSCs的体外增殖,上调增殖基因PCNA、C-myc和干细胞标记基因Nanog的表达,下调凋亡基因Bcl-x的表达。该研究证明了维生素A具有促进hUCMSCs增殖和维持其干细胞特性的作用,对继续探索hUCMSCs的体外快速增殖和维生素A对hUCMSCs增殖调控的机理具有重要意义。     

三种不同转染剂介导钆喷酸葡胺标记人脐带间充质干细胞及体外MR成像的实验研究

人脐带组织富含间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs）,是干细胞研究理想的种子来源,如何从脐带组织中分离间充质干细胞及运用影像技术示踪干细胞生物学行为是当前研究的热点。该实验应用组织块贴壁法从足月孕妇脐带组织中分离纯化间充质干细胞并进行鉴定,结果为hUCMSCs。进一步应用磷酸钙、Effectene、脂质体2000三种转染试剂分别介导Gd-DTPA标记hUCMSCs,通过MRI（magnetic resonance imaging）检测钆喷酸葡胺（Gd-DTPA）标记细胞信号强度变化及细胞内钆离子浓度的测定评价三种转染试剂的转染能力,最终发现在三种转染试剂中,Effectene介导Gd-DTPA标记hUCMSCs效果最佳,为Gd-DTPA标记干细胞体外MR成像奠定了实验基础。     

维生素对体外培养人脐带间充质干细胞生长的影响

该实验以人脐带间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCM—SCs）为研究对象,探讨维生素A对其体外培养的影响。结果显示,添加维生素A培养后,hUCMSCs仍维持其本身生物学特性,表达其标记基因CD29、CD44和干细胞标记基因Oct4、Sox2、Nanog。维生素A促进hUCMSCs的体外增殖,上调增殖基因PCNA、C-myc和干细胞标记基因Nanog的表达,下调凋亡基因Bch的表达。该研究证明了维生素A具有促进hUCMSCs增殖和维持其干细胞特性的作用,对继续探索hUCMSCs的体外快速增殖和维生素A对hUCMSCs增殖调控的机理具有重要意义。     

慢病毒重组同源盒基因HOXA4表达载体的构建及其感染人脐带间充质干细胞的实验性研究

目的 构建携带同源基因HOXA4的慢病毒表达载体,并测定其对人脐带间充质干细胞的感染效率.方法 使用酶切及PCR技术从含有HOXA4基因的质粒克隆模版HOXA4-MSCV逆转录载体中获取目的 基因HOXA4,并将HOXA4基因重组到慢病毒载体表达质粒上Lenti-GFP-CTB,通过酶切、测序验证HOXA4基因后,将Lenti-GFP-HOXA4质粒、和辅助包装质粒pRsv-REV、pMDlg-pRRE、PMD2G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带HOXA4基因的重组慢病毒Lentiviral-HOXA4;然后感染人脐带间充质干细胞,通过荧光显微镜及流式细胞术检测其感染效率.结果 成功构建携带HOXA4基因的慢病毒表达载体Lentiviral-HOXA4,并获得高纯度的慢病毒浓缩液.经检测病毒滴度达2.11×108 TU/ml.成功转染HOXA4基因的脐带间充质干细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白,当病毒感染复数（MOI）值为60时转染效率最高,达（95.4±4.3）%.结论 成功构建携带人HOXA4基因的慢病毒,并可以在体外有效转染人脐带间充质干细胞.     

利用微载体悬浮培养人脐带间充质干细胞

随着干细胞研究的不断深入,干细胞功能分化研究和临床应用转化的需求日益提升。人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, hUCMSCs)来源广泛,不仅自我更新能力强、能够分化成多种类型的成体细胞,而且其自身具有免疫调节能力,不易引发免疫排斥反应,在干细胞功能分化研究和临床应用中具有巨大应用前景和应用潜力。目前,传统的细胞培养方式培养效率低、细胞活性较差,不能满足日益增长的研究和应用需求。本研究利用微载体结合旋转瓶的悬浮培养方法,通过优化细胞接种量及转速等影响因素,快速获得大量高质量的人脐带间充质干细胞。经悬浮培养总细胞量可高达到7×10 ⁸个细胞/L,而且细胞活性较高,MSC 特异性标记物表达良好,在恢复平面培养后仍能维持MSC的正常细胞形态和增殖能力。高效脐带间充质干细胞悬浮培养体系的初步建立,为未来的干细胞功能分化研究和临床应用奠定了基础。     

AKT基因转染人脐带间质干细胞来源exosomes的分离及鉴定

该研究构建人AKT基因重组腺病毒载体(Ad-AKT),转染人脐带间质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hucMSC),分离hucMSC分泌的exosomes,检测exosomes中的成分变化,为exosomes的临床研究提供实验基础。该实验设计含有EcoR I、Xho I的限制性酶切位点的引物,PCR扩增AKT,将扩增产物克隆到带有绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescence protein,GFP)标记的穿梭质粒上。重组穿梭质粒经线性化处理后,与腺病毒骨架质粒在Stbl3中重组,筛选获得含有AKT的重组腺病毒质粒,PCR鉴定并测序。重组病毒质粒用Pac I酶切线性化,转染293A细胞,制备高效表达的Ad-AKT,并转染hucMSC。结果表明,AKT基因重组腺病毒能高效转染hucMSC,hucMSC中AKT蛋白表达增多,并且转染AKT基因的hucMSC来源的exosomes(AKT-MSC-exosomes)中AKT蛋白也增多,说明通过基因修饰可以获得过表达目的蛋白的exosomes,为exosomes的来源及应用研究提供可选择的方法。     

单纯生物学制剂诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞快速分化

为探讨用单纯生物学制剂诱导人脐带间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord,hUC-MSCs)向胰岛素分泌细胞分化的可行性,本研究用胶原酶Ⅱ、胰蛋白酶次序消化及两步离心法从人胎儿完整脐带中分离、纯化出hUC-MSCs;用表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子、银杏提取液和高糖培养基IMDM诱导hUC-MSCs向胰岛素分泌细胞分化。在hUC-MSCs诱导前后,用倒置显微镜观察其形态变化,RT-PCR检测其胰岛相关基因的表达;双硫腙染色鉴定胰岛样细胞团(islet-like clusters,ILCs);细胞免疫荧光染色检测ILCs中PDX-1和免疫活性胰岛素(immunoreactive insulin,IRI)的表达;化学发光法检测ILCs的IRI分泌量;Western blot鉴定IRI的性质。结果显示:纯化的hUC-MSCs呈间充质干细胞特有的形态特征:长梭形,平行或螺旋形排列;在上述单纯生物学制剂的诱导下,hUC-MSCs逐渐变圆并聚集成团;在25cm2培养瓶的细胞生长面可见上百个ILCs;ILCs表达胰岛特异性基因pdx-1、insulin;ILCs呈PDX-1和IRI免疫染色阳性反应,双硫腙染色呈阳性;ILCs可分泌IRI,但多为胰岛素原(proinsulin,PI)。以上结果提示,用表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子、银杏提取液和高糖培养基IMDM可诱导hUC-MSCs快速分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,但ILCs功能不够成熟,难以产生足量真胰岛素。     

人滑膜间充质干细胞与人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该文旨在比较人滑膜间充质干细胞(human synovial mesenchymal stem cells,hSMSCs)与人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状。流式细胞仪鉴定hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs。比较两种间充质干细胞的增殖、分化、迁移能力。结果表明,hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs均为长梭形贴壁细胞,并表达多种间充质干细胞表面标志物。不同的是,hUC-MSCs高表达CD73、CD105、CD147;而hSMSCs高表达CD24。hSMSCs具有更强的早期成骨和成软骨能力。hUC-MSCs具有更强的增殖和迁移能力,细胞周期结果显示,hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs均具有较强的增殖能力。该研究成功分离出hSMSCs,其生物学性状与hUC-MSCs相似,且具有较强的成骨与成软骨能力,可作为组织工程的理想种子细胞或临床治疗用细胞。     

人Notch1受体shRNA重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建人特异性受体Notch1短发夹RNA重组腺病毒载体,探讨其对人脐带间充质干细胞中Notch1表达的影响,以便进一步研究Notch1的生物学功能.方法:设计合成Notch1序列干扰序列,插入到pGenesil-1.1上构建重组质粒,取阳性克隆进行酶切及DNA测序鉴定.通过同源重组,构建含目的基因的重组腺病毒质粒栽体pGsadeno-Notch1-shRNA.经PacI线性化后脂质体介导转染到HEK 293细胞,包装后得到腺病毒颗粒.产生的重组腺病毒体外转染人脐带间充质千细胞,RT-PCR和Western blot 检测特异性shRNA对人脐带间充质干细胞中Notch1蛋白在mRNA及蛋白表达水平的抑制效果.结果:经酶切及DNA测序重组腺病毒质粒构建正确.重组腺病毒转染人脐带间充质干细胞3d后,RT-PCR及Western blot检测,可显著下调细胞内Notch1的转录及蛋白表达水平.对Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达的抑制率分别为70.31％和86.97％,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:成功构建了表达人Notch1受体shRNA的重组腺病毒载体,为研究Notch1在肿瘤学中的生物学作用及机制奠定基础.     

重组人GM—CSF／MCAF融合蛋白的变性,复性及纯化研究

人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和单核细胞趋化激活因子(MCAF)融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达后,表达产物以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经分离和洗涤后,探索了rhGM-CSF/MCAF变性和复性的合适条件。复性后的样品经Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤和CM-Sepharose FF离子交换两步层析,得到了具有生物学活性的SDS-PAGE纯的rhGM-CSF/MCAF。Western blot检测表明,纯化的rhGM-CSF/MCAF能分别与GM-CSF和MCAF抗体发生特异反应。     

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and colony-stimulating factor-1 on the proliferation and differentiation of murine alveolar macrophages

Murine alveolar macrophages (AM) were shown to have proliferative ability and to form colonies in vitro. The factors in lung-conditioned medium (CM) and L929-CM which stimulate the proliferation of AM were considered to be granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CSF-1, respectively, because recombinant murine (rm)GM-CSF and recombinant human (rh)CSF-1 could replace the activities of lung-CM and L929-CM, respectively. The phenotype of the cells in the colonies formed by AM incubated with rmGM-CSF or lung-CM was AM-like; more than 90% of the cells were stained by anti-asialo GM1 but not by FITC-LPS, and had AM-like morphology. Expression of Mac-1 Ag determined by M1/70HL in these cells as well as original AM was low. However, the phenotype of the cells in the colonies formed by AM incubated with rhCSF-1 or L929-CM was peritoneal macrophage (PM)-like; more than 90% of the cells were stained by FITC-LPS and M1/70HL, but not by anti-asialo GM1, and showed PM-like morphology. The cells in the colonies formed by AM incubated with rmGMCSF changed their phenotype after treatment with rhCSF-1; the percentage of cells stained by anti-asialo GM1 decreased, and that of cells stained by FITC-LPS increased. The cells in the colonies formed by AM incubated with rhCSF-1 never changed their phenotype after incubation with rmGM-CSF. In contrast to AM, more than 90% of the cells in all colonies formed by PM incubated with either rmGM-CSF, rhCSF-1, lung-CM, or L929-CM were stained by FITC-LPS but not by anti-asialo GM1. These results show that although AM and PM can proliferate, AM, in contrast to PM, are bipotential cells that can differentiate into two types of macrophages responding to distinct types of CSF, and that one of the molecular mechanisms controlling macrophage heterogeneity may be based on the type of CSF produced at distinct tissues.     

Optimization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell isolation and culture methods

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are considered to be an ideal replacement for bone marrow MSCs. However, up to date, there is no convenient and efficient method for hUCMSC isolation and culture. The present study was carried out to explore the modified enzyme digestion for hUCMSC in vitro. Conventional enzyme digestion, modified enzyme digestion, and tissue explant were used on hUCMSCs to compare their efficiencies of isolation and culture, to observe primary cell growth and cell subculture. The results show that the cells cultured using the tissue explant method had a longer culture cycle (P < 0.01) and lower yield of primary cells per centimetre of umbilical cord (P < 0.01) compared with the two enzyme digestion methods. Subculture adherence and cell doubling took significantly less time with the tissue explant method (P < 0.05) than with the conventional enzyme digestion method; however, there was no significant difference between the tissue explant method and the modified enzyme digestion method (P > 0.05). Comparing two enzyme digestion methods, the modified method yielded more cells than did the conventional method (P < 0.01), and primary cell adherence took significantly less time with the modified method than with the conventional method (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis of the third-generation hUCMSCs cultured by modified enzyme digestion method indicated that most cells were quiescent. Immunofluorescence staining showed that these cells expressed MSC markers CD44 and CD90. And Von Kossa and oil red O staining detection showed that they could be differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes with induction medium in vitro. This study suggests that hUCMSC isolation and culture using 0.2 % collagenase II at 37 °C for digestion of 16–20 h is an effective and simple modified enzyme digestion method.     

Valproic acid promotes differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells from whole human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mesoderm-derived cells that are considered a good source of somatic cells for treatment of many degenerative diseases. Previous studies have reported the differentiation of mesodermal MSCs into endodermal and ectodermal cell types beyond their embryonic lineages, including hepatocytes and neurons. However, the molecular pathways responsible for the direct or indirect cell type conversion and the functional ability of the differentiated cells remain unclear and need further research. In the present study, we demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA), which is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced an increase in the expression of endodermal genes including CXCR4, SOX17, FOXA1, FOXA2, GSC, c-MET, EOMES, and HNF-1β in human umbilical cord derived MSCs (hUCMSCs). In addition, we found that VPA is able to increase these endodermal genes in hUCMSCs by activating signal transduction of AKT and ERK. VPA pretreatment increased hepatic differentiation at the expense of adipogenic differentiation. The effects of VPA on modulating hUCMSCs fate were diminished by blocking AKT and ERK activation using specific signaling inhibitors. Together, our results suggest that VPA contributes to the lineage conversion of hUCMSCs to hepatic cell fate by upregulating the expression of endodermal genes through AKT and ERK activation.     

Action of granulopoiesis-stimulating cytokines rhG-CSF, rhGM-CSF, and rmGM-CSF on murine haematopoietic progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC)

The aim of this study was to provide new data to the knowledge of mechanisms by which recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) enhance the numbers of colonies growing from hematopoietic progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC) in the murine bone marrow. The in vitro technique for cultivating GM-CFC from normal bone marrow cells was used. For evaluation of stimulatory actions of the drugs studied, the factors themselves or sera of mice given these factors were added to the cultures. The factors or the sera were present in the cultures either as the only potentially stimulatory agents or acted jointly with a suboptimum concentration of recombinant murine interleukin-3 (rmIL-3). It was found that both rhG-CSF and rmGM-CSF stimulate the proliferation of GM-CFC by a combination of direct mechanisms (direct actions on the target cells) and indirect effects (effects mediated through the induction of other cytokines and/or growth factors in the murine organism). The rhGM-CSF exhibited somewhat weaker in vitro effects in comparison with the other two factors and only indirect effects were noted. Additional in vivo experiments documented that, in spite of differences in mechanisms of action of the individual drugs studied on murine bone marrow cells in vitro, equal in vivo doses of the factors induce quantitatively similar effects on the production of GM-CFC in vivo.     

Production of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by gateway technology and transgenic rice cell culture

To establish a production platform for recombinant proteins in rice suspension cells, we first constructed a Gateway-compatible binary T-DNA destination vector. It provided a reliable and effective method for the rapid directional cloning of target genes into plant cells through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We used the approach to produce mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in a rice suspension cell system. The promoter for the αAmy3 amylase gene, which is induced strongly by sugar depletion, drove the expression of mGM-CSF. The resulting recombinant protein was fused with the αAmy3 signal peptide and was secreted into the culture medium. The production of rice-derived mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was scaled up successfully in a 2-L bioreactor, in which the highest yield of rmGM-CSF was 24.6 mg/L. Due to post-translational glycosylation, the molecular weight of rmGM-CSF was larger than that of recombinant mGM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli. The rmGM-CSF was bioactive and could stimulate the proliferation of a murine myeloblastic leukemia cell line, NSF-60.     

诱导人脐带间充质干细胞分化为视网膜色素上皮样细胞的研究

目的：探讨用猪视网膜色素上皮细胞（RPE）条件培养基诱导hUCMSCs分化为RPE样细胞的方法。方法通过流式细胞技术鉴定hUCMSCs的表面标记分子;通过诱导hUCMSCs分化成为脂肪、骨和软骨细胞确定其多系分化能力;将hUCMSCs培养在猪RPE的条件培养液中并添加诱导因子来诱导hUCMSCs向RPE细胞分化。对照组与处理组Q-PCR结果采用t检验比较。结果 hUCMSCs表达CD105、CD90、CD73、CD44和CD29,但不表达CD34,CD45和MHCII等分子标记,在成脂、成骨、成软骨分化培养基中可分化为脂肪、骨和软骨细胞。单独使用猪RPE条件培养液不能有效诱导hUCMSCs向RPE细胞分化,但联合应用猪RPE条件培养液和诱导因子（视黄酸,activin-A和人重组骨形成蛋白-7）可有效诱导hUCMSCs分化为RPE样细胞,RPE细胞标记分子RPE65、Mitf和Ck8/18的基因表达量分别提高了2.1±0.4、6.8±1.3和2.5±0.3倍（P〈0.05）。诱导产生的RPE样细胞呈多边形,但不含色素颗粒。结论猪RPE条件培养液联合诱导因子可有效诱导hUCMSCs分化为RPE样细胞,可能会为治疗视网膜变性疾病提供合适的种子细胞。     

人脐带间充质干细胞对脂多糖活化的小胶质细胞BV-2表型的影响

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（hUCMSCs）对脂多糖（LPS）活化的小胶质细胞功能表型的影响。 方法实验设未诱导对照组（加入PBS无LPS诱导的BV-2细胞），LPS诱导组（加入1.0 μg/mL的LPS诱导BV-2细胞向M1型分化），按比例加入不同浓度hUCMSCs进行干预（LPS+低、中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组hUCMSCs与BV-2细胞比例分别为：1:100、1:10、1:1），分别于24、48、72 h观察BV-2形态变化，Griess法检测细胞培养上清中M1表型产物一氧化氮（NO）的浓度；将hUCMSCs与BV-2细胞在不同条件下（LPS+/LPS-）共培养，qRT-PCR检测BV-2细胞M2表型标记物精氨酸酶1表达变化。数据分析采用重复测量资料的方差分析，组间比较采用Tukey分析。 结果BV-2细胞经LPS诱导后活化，细胞变大，呈"煎饼状"、"阿米巴状"变化，呈经典的M1表型分化；与未诱导对照组相比，LPS诱导组48、72 h BV-2细胞NO含量升高[48 h：（0.507±0.012）μg/mL比（5.183±0.171）μg/ mL；72 h：（0.934±0.024）μg/ mL比（12.498±0.168） μg/mL，P均< 0.01]，与LPS诱导组比较，LPS+低、中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组72 h [（12.498±0.168）μg/mL比（11.852±0.149）μg/ mL、（9.796±0.048）μg/mL、（1.876±0.063） μg/mL]及LPS+中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组48 h NO含量[（5.183±0.171） μg/ mL比（3.921±0.066）μg/mL、（1.202±0.012）μg/ mL]降低，且呈干预浓度依赖性NO含量下降，差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。精氨酸酶1 qRT-PCR结果显示：与未诱导组比较，单纯高浓度hUCMSCs干预组3个时间点精氨酸酶1的相对表达量均升高（1.046±0.057比19.266±0.641，1.114±0.093比16.977±0.749，1.139±0.118比16.959±0.625），与LPS诱导对照组（0.000）比较，未诱导对照组（1.046±0.057，1.114±0.093，1.139±0.118）及LPS+高浓度hUCMSCs干预组精氨酸酶1表达（0.879±0.077，1.023±0.081，1.121±0.078）升高，差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。 结论LPS可诱导小胶质细胞BV-2炎症反应，而hUCMSCs可抑制活化小胶质细胞的炎症反应，抵消LPS对BV-2的诱导效应，促进小胶质细胞由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转变。