滇姜花中的新二萜成分-滇姜花戊素

从滇姜花根茎中分离到１个新二萜成分,命名为滇姜花戊素（１）,其结构经波谱学方法鉴定为１３β－ｆｕｒａｎｏｌａｂｄａ－８（１７）,１１－ｄｉｅｎ－６β,７α－ｄｉｏｌ。     

滇黄芩中五个新的黄酮类配糖体

从滇黄芩（Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌａｒｉａ ａｍｏｅｎａ）根中分离到５个新的黄酮类配糖体。命名为滇黄芩甙甲－戊（ａｍｏｅｎｉｎｓＡ－Ｅ）。经光谱分析,化学结构分别证明为：２’,４’,６’－三羟基二氢查耳酮４’－「Ｏ－β－Ｄ－半乳吡喃糖基（１→２）」－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙,５,７,２’－三羟基－６－甲氧基二氢黄酮７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙,（顺式）－５,７,２’－三羟基二氢黄酮醇３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄     

滇姜花抗肿瘤活性二萜及其光敏氧化反应的研究

从滇姜花（ＨｅｄｙｃｈｉｕｍｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｅＧａｇｎｅｐ．）根茎中分离到两个具抗肿瘤活性的二萜成分滇姜花素Ｃ及滇姜花素Ａ,前者为新化合物,其结构经波谱及化学方法鉴定。此新化合物亦可从滇姜花素Ａ的光敏氧化反应产物中分离得到。     

滇姜花的倍半萜成分

从滇姜花根的乙醇提取物中分离到５个倍半萜,分别是：柳杉醇（１）,α－桉醇（２）、β－桉醇（３）、β－榄醇（４）和４－Ｏ－乙基－柳杉醇（５）。其结构由光谱方法推定,其中（５）为新化合物。     

滇重楼地上部分的两个微量皂甙

从滇重楼地上部分中分离出两个新的微量的甾体皂甙ＰｏｌｙｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｉｄｅⅢ和Ⅳ,根据化学降解和光谱分析,它们的化学结构分别为２７－羟基－偏诺皂皂甙元－３－Ｏ［ａ－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）］［ａ－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４－ａ－Ｌ鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙,２３β,２７－二羟基－偏皂甙元－３－Ｏ－［ａ－鼠李吡喃糖（１→２）］     

滇重楼地上部分的配糖体

从滇重楼ＰａｒｉｓｐｏｌｙｐｈｙｌｌａＳｍ．ｖａｒ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｆｒ．）Ｈ－Ｍ,地上部分,分离出４个微量的配糖体,经光谱分析和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为２５Ｓ－异钮替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ａ）,２６－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基－纽替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｂ）,山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ｃ）,７－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基－山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（Ｄ）。     

滇姜花二萜成分的抗肿瘤活性研究

对滇姜花粗提物、滇姜花素A(1)和姜花酮(2)进行了动物体内抗肿瘤活性测试,结果表明它们均能显著性抑制小鼠体内移植性肿瘤H22的生长,其中滇姜花素A对小鼠H22肿瘤生长抑制率达54.27%,作用最强。体外抗肿瘤实验发现,滇姜花素C(3)对体外培养的人类乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231具有较强的细胞毒作用,并具有明显的剂量效应关系。     

滇产圆滑番荔枝中的番荔枝内酯

从滇南产的圆滑番荔枝的种子中得到４个番荔枝内酯,４－ｄｅｘｏｘｙｃｈｅｒｉｍｏｌｉｎ－２（１）,ｃｈｅｒｉｍｏｌｉｎ－２（２）,ａｎｎｏｎｉｎＩ（３）和ｄｅｓａｃｅｔｙｌｕｖａｒｉｃｉｎ（４）。其中１为新化合物。     

滇金丝猴驯养的初步研究

本文报道的６只慎金丝猴均捕自同一野生种群。由于在运动途中采用了降低应激反应药物,动物得以安全运出。笼养期间,试投以各种本地产植物的叶、花、果和蔬菜为食,结果有５６种为动物所接受。说明金丝猴的食性狭窄主要是受栖息地的限制。在以这些食物为主食的条件下,分别笼养了１４个月的３只（♀）、６个月２只（♂）和８０个月１只（♀）的滇金丝猴目前健康状况良好：成年人体的体重多有所增加,幼体的生长发育良好,结核菌素试     

野生植物滇刺枣的营养成分

野生植物滇刺枣的营养成分袁瑾钟惠民刘国清木立群（云南大学化学系,昆明６５００９１）ＮｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｏｆｗｉｌｄｐｌａｎｔＺｉｚｉｐｈｕｓｍａｕｒｉｔｉａｎａＬａｍｋｆｒｕｉｔｓＹｕａｎＪｉｎ,ＺｈｏｎｇＨｕｉＭｉｎｇ,Ｌｕ...     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various