人FKBP12的基因克隆及其表达产物的生物活性

为获得具有生物学活性的 h FKBP1 2 ,筛选新型的促神经再生药物 .采用 RT- PCR、计算机辅助 p BV2 2 0中外源基因高效表达的数学模型预测方法及超滤截留纯化方法 ,从人 T淋巴白血病细胞系 Jurkat中成功扩增出 h FKBP1 2基因 .按照外源基因高效表达的数学模型 ,将其进行优化改构后 ,在 p BV2 2 0中实现了高效表达 ,表达量约 2 0 % .重组的包涵体蛋白经复性 ,纯化至电泳纯 ,纯化后的 h FKBP1 2显示出肽基脯氨基顺反异构酶活性 .表明原核表达的 h FKBP1 2具有其天然生物学活性     

重组人血管生成素制备和生物活性鉴定

血管生成素（angiogenin,ANG）是一种很强的促血管生成因子,与肿瘤的发生发展有着密切的关系,拮抗ANG被认为是抗肿瘤血管靶向治疗的一个有效途径. 同时,ANG具有促进伤口愈合、保护神经元以及抗细菌感染等活性.但是,开展相关研究所需的最基本的天然ANG蛋白来源非常有限,大规模表达和纯化有生物活性的重组血管生成素蛋白（rANG）具有广泛的应用前景. 我们可以在大肠杆菌中表达rANG,但表达产物在胞内聚集形成不溶性的包含体,需经变性、复性、阳离子交换层析和反向C18的HPLC方法纯化后,才能获得高纯度的rANG. 经SDS-PAGE鉴定,纯化蛋白质为单一条带,质谱鉴定蛋白分子量与理论分子量一致. 经体外活性检测,证实纯化的蛋白质具有核糖核酸酶活性、促内皮细胞管腔形成和细胞核转位等生物学活性.本文详细描述了rANG的表达、纯化、活性鉴定等过程和所使用的方法与技术.     

信号肽对酵母外源蛋白质分泌效率的影响

根据酵母表达系统在表达外源蛋白方面的独特优势,利用酵母表达系统高效分泌并纯化具有生物学活性的蛋白质,已受到广泛关注。信号肽在蛋白质的分泌中起着重要作用,可引导蛋白分泌至胞外,大大提高蛋白的表达量,在工业化生产外源蛋白的纯化工艺方面具有重要意义。该文将从酵母表达系统中对信号肽的选择、改造、偏爱密码子和增强子的应用等几个方面进行优化的探讨,以提高蛋白质在酵母系统中的分泌效率。     

人Leptin基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、纯化及其生物学活性研究

将人Leptin表达质粒pBV220-OB转化E.coliJM109,经热诱导获得了目的蛋白的表达。经SDS-PAGE鉴定分析,表达产物以包涵体形式存在,目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的40%以上。通过包涵体分离,Sephacryl S200HR凝胶和DEAE52离子交换层析及Hypersil C18柱反相色谱纯化,获得纯度在95%以上,内毒素含量小于10EU/mg的高纯度的重组人Leptin。Western-blot鉴定表明,纯化表达产物能和抗Leptin抗体特异性结合;蛋白质N端15个氨基酸序列分析结果和预期的序列一致。纯化产物经复性处理,其分子中Cys96和Cys146形成二硫键。体内活性检测显示,纯化和复性的rh-Leptin明显抑制BALB/c小鼠的进食和体重增长,提示其具有明显的生物学活性。     

鲤鱼肥胖基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆茵中的表达

为了研究鲤鱼肥胖基因的结构特点和体外表达产物的生物学活性,利用RT-PCR技术从鲤鱼肠系膜脂肪组织中扩增出鲤鱼肥胖基因的cDNA编码序列,分析表明该cDNA序列由438个核苷酸组成,编码146个氨基酸组成的多肽,鲤鱼肥胖基因与人、猪、鼠的相比,核苷酸同源性分别为84%、86%、95%;氨基酸的同源性分别为84%、82%、96%.构建了原核表达载体pET-28a-li,利用IPTG在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达,并对表达产物进行了初步纯化和生物活性检测,结果表明,鲤鱼肥胖基因在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达,融合蛋白质分子量约为20 kD,经薄层扫描分析,目的蛋白占菌体总蛋白的20.3%.表达产物经过纯化和复性能够明显抑制小鼠的摄食和生长,说明表达产物Leptin具有明显的生物学活性[动物学报 51(1)95-100,2005].     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体的表达及其活性检测

目的:构建肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)高表达工程菌株,以获得具有生物学活性的重组TRAIL蛋白.方法:合成TRAIL基因,转到大肠杆菌中,IPTG诱导获得成功表达;进一步优化,增加可溶形式的蛋白质.利用硫酸铵对发酵液进行沉淀,经Ni柱、阴离子和阳离子交换柱层析,最终获得蛋白质纯品,对其进行体外活性检测.结果:经过IPTG诱导后,TRAIL达到菌体总蛋白的30％;经过优化,可溶形式蛋白达到55％.纯化获得纯度高于95％的TRAIL样品,体外测活结果表明:TRAIL蛋白能有效抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖,抑制率达到70％-92％.结论:重组TRAIL以可溶形式得到高效表达,且具有较好的生物学活性,为其开发成药用蛋白奠定基础.     

人CXCL4蛋白原核表达与纯化

CXCL4又名血小板因子4(PF4),属于CXC趋化因子亚家族,能够广谱的作用于多种细胞,在炎症,凝血等众多生理及病理反应中发挥重要作用。将CXCL4全长基因构建到原核表达载体pET43.1a(+),利用大肠杆菌系统表达,继而纯化获得高纯度的目的蛋白。实验表明重组人CXCL4蛋白可以有效抑制人肾癌细胞增殖,具有生物学活性。重组人CXCL4原核表达与纯化方法的建立将有助于其生物学结构与功能的研究,并且对趋化因子家族其它蛋白质的表达与纯化具有参考价值。     

Flt3配体胞外域的原核表达纯化及活性鉴定

目的:构建pET32a(+)-hFLext原核表达载体,诱导hFLext蛋白表达、纯化及活性鉴定.方法:以人淋巴细胞cDNA文库为模板,克隆hFlext,构建pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定.细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性.结果:成功克隆获得hFLext,并构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.在大肠杆菌BL21,经1 mM IPTG 30℃诱导12 h,成功表达Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,主要以包涵体形式存在.经8M尿素变性包涵体蛋白,逐步透析复性,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定,成功获得高纯度的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白.细胞增殖实验证实其具有生物学活性,能够有效刺激脐血细胞增殖.结论:成功构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体,表达、纯化了具有生物学活性的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,为造血干/祖细胞的体外扩增研究奠定了基础.     

蓖麻毒素A链突变体的设计、表达与活性研究

利用蛋白质结构同源模建并结合表观静电势分析,设计了拟具有生物学活性的蓖麻毒素A链的突变体.将PCR扩增的突变体基因,导入pKK223-3载体中,于大肠杆菌(E.coli)中获得高效、可溶性表达,而且,确证了表达产物具有预期的生物学活性.     

鲤鱼肥胖基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了研究鲤鱼肥胖基因的结构特点和体外表达产物的生物学活性 ,利用RT PCR技术从鲤鱼肠系膜脂肪组织中扩增出鲤鱼肥胖基因的cDNA编码序列 ,分析表明该cDNA序列由 4 38个核苷酸组成 ,编码 14 6个氨基酸组成的多肽 ,鲤鱼肥胖基因与人、猪、鼠的相比 ,核苷酸同源性分别为 :84 %、 86 %、 95 % ;氨基酸的同源性分别为 84 %、 82 %、 96 %。构建了原核表达载体 pET 2 8a li,利用IPTG在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达 ,并对表达产物进行了初步纯化和生物活性检测 ,结果表明 ,鲤鱼肥胖基因在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达 ,融合蛋白质分子量约为 2 0kD ,经薄层扫描分析 ,目的蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 2 0 3%。表达产物经过纯化和复性能够明显抑制小鼠的摄食和生长 ,说明表达产物Leptin具有明显的生物学活性     

A reassessment of the inhibitory capacity of human FKBP38 on calcineurin

The microbial peptidomacrolide FK506 affects many eukaryotic developmental and cell signaling programs via calcineurin inhibition. Prior formation of a complex between FK506 and intracellular FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) is the precondition for the interaction with calcineurin. A puzzling difference has emerged between the mammalian multidomain protein hFKBP38 and other FKBPs. It was shown that hFKBP38 not only binds to calcineurin but also inhibits the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin on its own [Shirane, M. and Nakayama, K.I. (2003) Nature Cell Biol. 5, 28-37]. Inherent calcineurin inhibition by hFKBP38 would completely eliminate the need for FK506 in controlling many signal transduction pathways. To address this issue, we have characterized the functional and physical interactions between calcineurin and hFKBP38. A recombinant hFKBP38 variant and endogenous hFKBP38 were tested both in vitro and in vivo. The proteins neither directly inhibited calcineurin activity nor affected NFAT reporter gene activity in SH-SY5Y and Jurkat cells. In addition, a direct physical interaction between calcineurin and hFKBP38 was not detected in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. However, hFKBP38 indirectly affected the subcellular distribution of calcineurin by interaction with typical calcineurin ligands, as exemplified by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Our data suggest that hFKBP38 cannot substitute for the FKBP/FK506 complex in signaling pathways controlled by the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin.     

Human FK506 binding protein 65 is associated with colorectal cancer

We initiated the present study to identify new genes associated with colorectal cancer. In a previously published microarray study an EST (W80763), later identified as the gene hFKBP10 (NM_021939), was found to be strongly expressed in tumors while absent in the normal mucosa. Here we describe this gene hFKBP10 together with its encoded protein hFKBP65 as a novel marker associated with colorectal cancer. Analysis of 31 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 14 normal colorectal mucosa by RealTime PCR for hFKBP10 showed a significant up-regulation in tumors, when compared with normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis of 26 adenocarcinomas and matching normal mucosa, as well as benign hyperplastic polyps and adenomas, using a monoclonal anti-hFKBP65 antibody, showed that the protein was not present in normal colorectal epithelial cells, but strongly expressed in the tumor cells of colorectal cancer. The protein was also expressed in fibroblasts of both normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Western blot analysis of matched tumors and normal mucosa supported the finding of increased hFKBP65 expression in tumors compared with normal mucosa, in addition to identifying the molecular mass of hFKBP65 to approximately 72 kDa. Cellular localization and glycosylation studies revealed the hFKBP65 protein to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and to be N-glycosylated. In conclusion, the protein hFKBP65 is associated with colorectal cancer, and we hypothesize the protein to be involved in fibroblast and transformed epithelial cell-specific protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.     

Cloning, expression and characterisation of FKB-6, the sole large TPR-containing immunophilin from C. elegans

We have cloned, expressed, purified and characterised ceFKB-6, the only large tetratricopeptide repeat motif-containing immunophilin in Caenorhabditis elegans which is similar to the human orthologues FKBP51 and FKBP52. It shows increased peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity, the measured k(cat)/K(m) of 1.3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)is twofold greater than that of hFKBP12 and hFKBP51. NMR studies of the interaction between FKB-6 and the C-terminal DAF-21 pentapeptide MEEVD show interactions consistent with those found between the large human immunophilin TPR domains and human Hsp90. In vivo localisation studies show that the fkb-6 gene is expressed in all stages from embryo to adult with predominant expression being noted in the adult dorsal and ventral nerve cords.     

Purification and characterization of x-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NRRL 634

Summary An X-prolyl-dipeptidylaminopep tidase (Pep-XP) was purified from the crude intracellular extract of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NRRL 634 by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. The enzyme was purified 80-fold with a recovery of 6%, and appeared as a single band with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE). The peptidase showed its maximal activity on arginyl-proline-p-nitroanilide at pH 7.0 and at a temperature of 45 °C, although there was a good activity of Pep-XP in the pH range of 5.5–7.0 and temperatures between 40 and 50 °C. The Michaelis constant (K _m) and the maximum reaction velocity (V _max) values were 0.92 mM and 7.9 U/mg protein min, respectively. The activity of Pep-XP was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of serine peptidases, and metal chelators had little effect on enzyme activity. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed synthetic substrates whose structure is X-Pro-Y like Lys-Pro-pNA, but did not hydrolyse Pro-pNA or azocasein, showing that the enzyme did not have aminopeptidase or endopeptidase activities.     

Purification and Characterization of a DnaK-like and a GroEL-like Protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis

Heat-shock proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis were demonstrated and two of them were purified and further characterized. The amplified de novo synthesis of two different proteins, with apparent molecular weights of 75 kDa and 68 kDa, was observed by autofluorography when a P. gingivalis culture incubated in a ¹⁴C-labeled amino acid mixture was shifted from 37°C to 44°C. Both proteins possessed ATP-binding abilities and were purified to almost homogeneity employing affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose followed by preparative SDS-PAGE. Purified 75 kDa and 68 kDa proteins had isoelectric points of 4.4 and 4.6, respectively. They were shown to be immunoreactive with commercial anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL polyclonal antibodies, respectively. Immunoblotting analysis of whole cells using antiserum raised against each purified protein from P. gingivalis, confirmed elevated synthesis of both proteins during thermal shock. A GroEL protein reacted strongly with antiserum against the 68 kDa protein. However, a DnaK protein reacted weakly with antiserum to the 75 kDa protein. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the DnaK-like protein (75 kDa) showed a high degree of homology with those of the HSP70 family including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The N-terminal amino acid analysis of the GroEL-like protein (68 kDa) indicated that it was identical to those of cloned GroEL homologues from P. gingivalis.     

O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and S-sulfocysteine synthase activities of Chromatium vinosum

Two proteins containing O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activity were purified from Chromatium vinosum. Their separation was carried out by DE52 or Ecteola cellulose chromatography. While protein I with a molecular weight of 56,000 had only O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activity, protein II with a molecular weight of 50,000 possessed S-sulfocysteine synthase activity in addition. It was not possible to separate the two activities of protein II by electrophoretic methods. The reaction rate of protein II with sulfide and O-acetylserine was twice as high as that with thiosulfate and O-acetylserine. When extracts of sulfate-grown cells were purified the major O-acetylserine activity was always associated with protein II. Regulatory and kinetic phenomena of the two activities were studied.     

独行菜LaMCT基因的克隆、序列分析与原核表达

强心苷作为药用植物独行菜( Lepidium apetalum)的活性成分,其化学和药理学研究已有良好的基础,但其生物合成途径目前仍不清楚。该研究以独行菜幼苗为材料,通过分析独行菜转录组数据,设计特异性引物,PCR扩增得到了强心苷生物合成MEP途径的关键酶2-C-甲基赤藓醇-4-磷酸胞苷酰转移酶( MCT)基因的开放阅读框( ORF),命名为LaMCT( Genbank注册号KT832554),并进行序列分析和原核表达。序列分析结果表明：LaMCT基因ORF全长为912 bp,编码304个氨基酸。亚细胞定位和保守结构域分析结果表明：LaMCT蛋白位于叶绿体中,不含信号肽,没有跨膜区,含有类异戊二烯合成酶保守结构域( isoprenoid synthase domain)。系统进化树结果表明：LaMCT蛋白与拟南芥的MCT蛋白具有94％的序列相似性,亲缘关系较近。通过构建pET-32a-LaMCT原核表达载体,成功在大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)菌株中诱导表达LaMCT重组蛋白,并得到了纯化的LaMCT重组蛋白。该研究首次从独行菜中克隆了LaMCT基因,建立其稳定的原核表达体系,为LaMCT蛋白抗体的制备以及研究LaMCT基因在独行菜强心苷类化合物生物合成途径中的功能奠定了基础。     

Purification and characterization of Plasmodium yoelii adenosine deaminase

Plasmodium lacks the de novo pathway for purine biosynthesis and relies exclusively on the salvage pathway. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), first enzyme of the pathway, was purified and characterized from Plasmodium yoelii, a rodent malarial species, using ion exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme is a 41 kDa monomer. The enzyme showed K_m values of 41 μM and 34 μM for adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine, respectively. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine competitively inhibited P. yoelii ADA with K_i value of 0.5 μM. The enzyme was inhibited by DEPC and protein denaturing agents, urea and GdmCl. Purine analogues significantly inhibited ADA activity. Inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) indicated the presence of functional –SH groups. Tryptophan fluorescence maxima of ADA shifted from 339 nm to 357 nm in presence of GdmCl. Refolding studies showed that higher GdmCl concentration irreversibly denatured the purified ADA. Fluorescence quenchers (KI and acrylamide) quenched the ADA fluorescence intensity to the varied degree. The observed differences in kinetic properties of P. yoelii ADA as compared to the erythrocyte enzyme may facilitate in designing specific inhibitors against ADA.     

Isolation and purification of proteins from the symbiosome membrane of yellow lupine root nodules

A unique feature of the symbiotic association between legume plants and rhizobia is the plant-derived membrane which separates the symbionts within root nodule; this membrane is termed the peribacteroid membrane (PBM). Although this membrane plays a vital role in facilitating transport and other processes in nodules, little is known about the proteins that are associated with and are an integral part of it. The objective of this work was to apply modern methods of protein purification to the characterisation of proteins of peribacteroid membrane from nodules of yellow lupine (Lupines luteus). The 17-kDa protein was isolated from purified peribacteroid membrane using size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography (FPLC). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein was determined; the sequence does not match any of the previously reported lupine and other legume sequences. Following detergent solubilisation of purified peribacteroid membrane, integral proteins of 15 to 20 kDa were purified by size exclusion chromatography.