芪合酶基因Fm-STS在何首乌毛状根中的过量表达分析

目的:通过过量表达探究在何首乌中得到的芪合酶基因Fm-STS的功能.方法:由含CaMV 35S启动子驱动以及荧光标记蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因的植物转基因基础表达质粒pBIN-35S-GFP构建过量表达质粒pBIN-35S-STS-GFP(阳性),并同空白表达质粒pBIN-35S-GFP(空白)均导入野生型发根农杆菌ATCC15834中,转化何首乌外植体(无菌苗叶片),诱导生成毛状根并培养,对毛状根进行高效液相色谱分析芪合物二苯乙烯苷含量变化以及实时荧光定量检测基因Fm-STS表达差异.结果:在过表达组和空白组中毛状根中发根农杆菌Ri质粒中的rolB基因和外源基因GFP均有表达,芪合物二苯乙烯苷含量依次为4.67 mg/g和2.18 mg/g(干重),在mRNA水平上检测基因Fm-STS表达量:过表达组是空白组的2.41倍.结论:基因FM-STS是何首乌中芪合物二苯乙烯苷生物合成过程中的酶基因,过量表达在基因功能研究中有良好的应用.     

何首乌不同部位二苯乙烯苷含量以及芪合酶FM-STS时空表达差异

目的:探究何首乌不同部位主要有效成分二苯乙烯苷含量差异以及相对应部位何首乌芪合酶基因FM-STS表达差并.方法:通过液氮碾磨提取广东德庆同一株何首乌根茎叶中的RNA以及用50％稀乙醇过夜浸提芪合物二苯乙烯苷;使用乙腈和水为流动相(体积比为20∶80),利用高效液相色谱分析其二苯乙烯苷含量差异;采用实时荧光定量PCR分析芪合酶基因Fm-STS表达差异,以β-actin作为内参对照,2-△△CT公式计算各组别中FM-STS的含量.结果:根茎叶中芪合物二苯乙烯苷含量依次为14.62mg/g、1.78mg/g和0.47mg/g(干重),在mRNA水平上检测基因Fm-STS表达量为叶片中最高,根是叶的1/10倍,茎是叶的1/64倍.结论:芪合酶基因FM-STS主要在何首乌叶片中表达,二苯乙烯苷主要在叶片中合成,进而转移到根块中富集.     

含gfp植物转基因表达载体的构建及在矮牵牛转基因不定根中的高效表达

利用pBIN19、pGFP和pCHS质粒, 成功构建了CaMV 35S启动子驱动的gfp基因的植物转基因表达载体pBIN-35S-GFP, 并导入野生型发根农杆菌K599。矮牵牛的转化实验表明, 矮牵牛离体叶片被发根农杆菌K599(带pBIN-35S-GFP质粒)感染生根率达45%。对诱导的不定根基因组DNA的PCR检测表明, 不定根基因组中含有发根农杆菌K599 Ri质粒中的rolB基因和外源gfp基因;转基因不定根在蓝色光激发下能发出强烈的绿色荧光, 表明构建的转基因载体pBIN-35S-GFP能实现gfp基因的高效表达。该载体在CaMV 35S启动子的两端各有一个多克隆位点, 可以方便地进行启动子替换, 用于研究不同启动子的功能。此外, 该载体在gfp基因的5'端含有多克隆位点, 在3'端含有EcoRⅠ和BsmⅠ两个单一酶切位点, 可以方便地在5'端连接上目标基因, 表达含GFP的融合蛋白, 进行目标基因编码蛋白的亚细胞定位; 也可以方便地切除gfp基因, 连上需要的目的基因进行转化。     

何首乌毛状根培养及其活性成分的产生

利用发根农杆菌LBA940 2诱导药用植物何首乌产生毛状根。PCR扩增和Southern印迹杂交实验证实发根农杆菌中Ri质粒的T-DNA片段已整合进入植物核基因组中。经过基本培养基的筛选和毛状根生长动力学的考察 ,确立了何首乌毛状根在MS培养基中的最佳继代时间为 30d左右。HPLC实验测定结果显示 ,毛状根培养物中大黄酸的含量是原植物的 2 85倍     

发根农杆菌介导的菠菜毛状根遗传转化体系的建立

发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)侵染植物后可诱导植物产生毛状根。菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)是常见的食用蔬菜, 目前尚未见菠菜毛状根的研究报道。经筛选得到适合诱导菠菜毛状根的发根农杆菌菌株LBA9402, LBA9402侵染菠菜外植体茎后, 毛状根的诱导率最高可达16%。菠菜毛状根呈白色, 具有丰富的根毛, 能在无外源激素的固体培养基上快速增殖生长。通过诱导菠菜毛状根产生愈伤组织并进行分化, 获得了菠菜毛状根的再生植株, 再生率为8%。此外, LBA9402可将含有Ri质粒的T-DNA和携带外源GFP基因的Ti质粒T-DNA共同导入外植体中。PCR检测和荧光显微观察结果显示, rolB及GFP基因在菠菜毛状根基因组中稳定表达, 共转化频率为50%。     

发根农杆菌介导的菠菜毛状根遗传转化体系的建立

发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)侵染植物后可诱导植物产生毛状根。菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)是常见的食用蔬菜, 目前尚未见菠菜毛状根的研究报道。经筛选得到适合诱导菠菜毛状根的发根农杆菌菌株LBA9402, LBA9402侵染菠菜外植体茎后, 毛状根的诱导率最高可达16%。菠菜毛状根呈白色, 具有丰富的根毛, 能在无外源激素的固体培养基上快速增殖生长。通过诱导菠菜毛状根产生愈伤组织并进行分化, 获得了菠菜毛状根的再生植株, 再生率为8%。此外, LBA9402可将含有Ri质粒的T-DNA和携带外源GFP基因的Ti质粒T-DNA共同导入外植体中。PCR检测和荧光显微观察结果显示, rolB及GFP基因在菠菜毛状根基因组中稳定表达, 共转化频率为50%。     

三裂叶野葛毛状根的培养及其葛根素的产生

发根农杆菌ATCC15834感染三裂叶野葛叶片外植体20天后,从其切口叶脉处产生的愈伤组织上产生毛状根。感染35天后约85%的叶片外植体产生毛状根。毛状根能在无外源生长调节剂的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,但在液体培养基中培养的毛状根生长更迅速,也不会形成愈伤组织。毛状根线粒体膜电势的荧光染色结果表明,液体培养的毛状根细胞线粒体的膜电势比固体培养的毛状根高11.8倍。PCR结果证实,发根农杆菌Ri质粒的rolB和rolC基因已在三裂叶野葛毛状根基因组中整合并得到表达。HPLC测定结果表明,三裂叶野葛毛状根中的葛根素含量约为对照根(种子萌发产生的幼苗根)的2.5倍,达1.190 mg/g.dry.wt;并比多年生葛根生药片的葛根素含量高6.7%。     

滇黄芩毛状根的诱导及其黄芩苷含量测定

本文利用发根农杆菌A grobacterizum rhizogenes1.2556感染滇黄芩再生苗的茎段和叶片,建立了毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的茎、叶外植体表面产生,在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。毛状根茎段的诱导率较叶片高,最高可达到14.44%;经rolB基因PCR分析和甘露碱纸电泳检测,证明Ri质粒T-DNA已整合到滇黄芩基因组中并表达;毛状根在附加6-BA2mg/L和NAA0.2mg/L的MS固体培养基上直接诱导不定芽,并在MS培养基上生根,形成再生植株。获得的毛状根系经MS液体培养基培养30d后通过HPLC都能检测到黄芩苷,其中1个转化系黄芩苷含量为2.59%,是药材黄芩的0.20倍,而从3年单位时间黄芩苷生成量计算,毛状根是药材黄芩的7.18倍。本研究建立的毛状根培养体系,将对滇黄芩转基因技术的完善和利用毛状根生产黄芩苷的生物转化提供了实验基础。     

发根农杆菌介导药用甘薯西蒙1号的遗传转化

用发根农杆菌A4分别感染药用甘薯西蒙1号的叶片、茎切段、叶柄等外植体,诱导出毛状根,并对毛状根进行了离体培养.采用L9(34)正交设计法优化甘薯西蒙1号的毛状根诱导条件;PCR扩增检测转化毛状根;用高效液相色谱仪检测了毛状根中咖啡酸的含量.结果表明:转化中茎切段是最合适的外植体,最佳感染时间20 min,共培养最佳时间为2天;PCR扩增检测表明发根农杆菌Ri质粒的T-DNA片段已整合进植物的基因组中;经高效液相色谱仪证实毛状根中含有咖啡酸,含量为0.03792 mg/g.     

三裂叶野葛毛状根的培养及其葛根素的产生

发根农杆菌ATCC15834感染三裂叶野葛叶片外植体20天后,从其切口叶脉处产生的愈伤组织上产生毛状根。感染35天后约85％的叶片外植体产生毛状根。毛状根能在无外源生长调节剂的MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,但在液体培养基中培养的毛状根生长更迅速,也不会形成愈伤组织。毛状根线粒体膜电势的荧光染色结果表明,液体培养的毛状根细胞线粒体的膜电势比固体培养的毛状根高11．8倍。PCR结果证实,发根农杆菌Ri质粒的rolB和rolC基因已在三裂叶野葛毛状根基因组中整合并得到表达。HPLC测定结果表明,三裂叶野葛毛状根中的葛根素含量约为对照根(种子萌发产生的幼苗根)的2．5倍,达1．190mg/g．dry．wt;并比多年生葛根生药片的葛根素含量高6．7％。     

中国葡萄属野生种抗白粉病抗逆基因植物表达载体的构建

将质粒pSB166中包含ED35s启动子、Omega元件及TNOS终止子的一段核苷酸序列定向克隆到质粒pCAMBIA1303,构建了中间表达载体pWR306;以中国野生葡萄华东葡萄白河35-1 cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增出葡萄芪合成酶基因（STS）、醛脱氢酸基因（ALDH）,与pGEM-T Easy克隆载体连接,获得重组质粒pGEM-T Easy-STS和pGEM-TEasy-ALDH;双酶切重组质粒及表达载体pWR306,将STS、ALDH基因片段与线性表达载体pWR306进行定向连接,构建了葡萄芪合成酶基因及醛脱氢酶基因的植物表达载体pWR-STS、pWR-ALDH,并用改进冻融法导入农杆菌GV3101。     

介导大鼠结缔组织生长因子基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建介导大鼠结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）基因沉默的慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-CTGF,为进一步包装慢病毒载体奠定基础。方法：以大鼠CTGF基因为靶基因,根据RNA干扰（RNAi）序列设计原则,设计4对有小发夹结构的RNAi靶点序列,退火形成双链DNA,双酶切后定向克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-GFP中,构建4个含靶基因片段的重组慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-CTGF,并对质粒进行PCR及测序鉴定。结果：CTGF的短发夹RNA（shRNA）片段被成功克隆到慢病毒载体转移质粒pGCL-GFP中,4个插入序列与设计的靶基因片段完全一致。结论：构建了能够表达4个含CTGF靶基因片段的慢病毒载体转移质粒,为进一步包装介导CTGF基因沉默的慢病毒载体奠定了基础。     

A maize anthocyanin transactivator induces pigmentation in hairy roots of dicotyledonous species

Several dicotyledonous species were infected with an Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector harbouring the plasmid 121.Sn which contains the maize gene Sn under the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. In maize, Sn transactivates the anthocyanin pathway in different tissues. The aim of this work was to test the efficiency of this gene to regulate the anthocyanin pathway in heterologous systems and verify its suitability as a reporter gene. The pigmentation of the hairy roots was compared with hairy roots stained for β-glucuronidase activity, which were used as a control. In two polymorphic genotypes of Lotus angustissimus, DNA integration and expression were assayed. The maize gene is competent to induce anthocyanin pigmentation in different species, but the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis restricts the use of Sn as a reporter gene. Received: 27 June 1996 / Revision received: 30 September 1996 / Accepted: 11 September 1997     

Efficient shoot regeneration from hairy roots of Antirrhinum majus L. transformed by the rol type MAT vector system

 Eleven independent GUS-positive hairy roots were induced by co-cultivation of leaf explants of Antirrhinum majus L. with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 containing the rol type MAT vector pNPI702. The MAT vector pNPI702 possesses a GUS gene under the 35 S promoter and a removal element in which the 7.6-kb DNA fragments containing the rolA, B, C and D genes and recombinase gene with a 35 S promoter are located between two directly oriented recombination site sequences. A total of 326 adventitious shoots regenerated from 11 independent hairy root lines cultured on 1/2MS medium without plant growth regulators at 25  °C under a 16/8 h (day/night) photoperiod after 8 weeks of stock-culture of hairy roots and 4 weeks of culture of the green segments of hairy roots. Regenerated plants showed either a normal or dwarf morphology. GUS activity was observed in the hairy roots and regenerated shoots. The presence of the GUS gene in the regenerated, morphologically normal plants was confirmed by PCR analysis. Received: 28 February 2000 / Revision received: 18 August 2000 / Accepted: 22 August 2000     

A model for a bioconversion system with the promoter of the parAt gene,which confers a high level of expression of a transgene in hairy roots

The promoter of the protoplast auxin-regulated (parAt) gene of tobacco, which is expressed throughout the tissues of hairy roots, can be useful for developing a bioconversion system with hairy roots. The parAt gene is shown to be expressed in roots of seedlings and in those of mature tobacco plants. The 5-upstream region of parAt was fused to the coding sequence of the ß-d-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to generate the parAt-GUS fusion gene, which was introduced into the binary vector for Agrobacterium. Hairy roots that carried the fusion gene were obtained (parAt-GUS/hairy root) by infecting tobacco plants with A. rhizogenes carrying the fusion gene in the binary vector. Biochemical analysis with 4-methylumbelliferyl ß-d-glucuronide (MUG), a substrate for GUS, showed that the level of GUS activity was tenfold higher than that of hairy roots carrying the reporter GUS gene, which is linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter (35S-GUS/hairy root). We also examined the rate of conversion of MUG to 4-methylumbel-liferone (MU) by hairy roots when MUG was added to the culture medium of the parAt-GUS/hairy roots. The hairy roots converted MUG to MU at more than ten times as high efficiency as the 35S-GUS/hairy roots. In addition to tobacco, the parAt-GUS gene was similarly expressed in hairy roots from Atropa and Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the promoter of the parAt gene is a useful tool for conversion of various metabolites by hairy root cultures. Correspondence to: Y. Machida     

Production and secretion of a heterologous protein by turnip hairy roots with superiority over tobacco hairy roots

A fully contained and efficient heterologous protein production system was designed using Brassica rapa rapa (turnip) hairy roots. Two expression cassettes containing a cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter with a duplicated enhancer region, an Arabidopsis thaliana sequence encoding a signal peptide and the CaMV polyadenylation signal were constructed. One cassette was used to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding gene in hairy roots grown in flasks. A stable and fast-growing hairy root line secreted GFP at >120 mg/l culture medium. GFP represented 60 % of the total soluble proteins in the culture medium. Turnip hairy roots retained sustainable growth and stable GFP production over 3 years. These results were superior to those obtained using tobacco hairy roots.     

神经粘附分子NCAM140 基因RNA干扰质粒的构建与鉴定

摘要目的：构建有效的小鼠神经粘附分子（NCAM140）基因的RNA 干扰（RNAi）质粒载体,为研究NCAM140参与的细胞信号通 路转导、其生物学作用以及以NCAM140 为靶点的基因治疗提供稳定转染的RNAi 质粒。方法：使用基因序列软件设计、筛选符 合公开文献筛选参数的4 条靶序列以及1条阴性对照序列,由上海吉玛技术有限公司合成。与载体质粒pGPU6/GFP/Neo 重组后, 分别命名为pSi-nca1、pSi-nca2、pSi-nca3、pSi-nca4和pSi-control。转染大肠杆菌感受态细胞。选择阳性克隆进行DNA 测序鉴定, Western blot方法进行干扰靶点的筛选。选取干扰效率最高的质粒转染MN9D 细胞,普通光学显微镜分别计数同一视野细胞总数 及GFP阳性细胞数,计算转染效率。结果：酶切和DNA 测序结果证实shRNA正确插入pGPU6/GFP/Neo 质粒;Western blot结果 显示与空质粒对照组比较,pSi-nca4 组细胞NCAM140 表达明显下调,细胞转染效率为62 %。结论：成功构建靶向小鼠 NCAM140 基因的RNAi 质粒,为NCAM140 参与的细胞信号通路的研究以及以NCAM140为靶点的基因治疗提供了稳定转染 细胞的干扰质粒,为研究其生物学作用奠定了分子生物学基础。     

香石竹毛状根诱导、离体培养及其植株再生

为了探讨利用发根农杆菌遗传转化所产生的毛状根来创新香石竹种质的可能性,本文采用叶盘法,建立了发根农杆菌Agrobacterium rhizogenes对香石竹Dianthus caryophyllus L.叶片外植体的遗传转化及其植株再生体系。结果表明,发根农杆菌ATCC15834感染香石竹幼嫩叶片外植体12 d后,从叶片外植体切口中脉处产生白色毛状根,21 d后约90%的叶片外植体产生毛状根。所获得的无菌毛状根能在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基中快速自主生长。PCR扩增和硅胶薄层层析结果显示发根农杆菌Ri质粒的rol B和rol C基因以及冠瘿碱合成酶基因已在香石竹毛状根基因组中整合并得到表达。将毛状根置于MS+6-BA 1.0-3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1-0.2 mg/L中培养15 d后产生淡黄绿色的疏松愈伤组织。愈伤组织不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L,培养6周后不定芽分化率为100%;平均每个愈伤组织产生30-40个不定芽;将不定芽转至1/2 MS或1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L NAA的培养基中10 d后产生不定根,发育成再生植株。再生植株移植于栽培基质中20 d后,成活率达95%以上。