薏苡糠壳的化学成分及其种子萌发活性研究

为了解薏苡(Coixlachryma-jobi)糠壳的化学成分,利用多种柱色谱技术对其乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离,经波谱数据分析鉴定了15个化合物,分别为香豆酸(1)、香豆酸甲酯(2)、2-羟乙基-香豆酸酯(3)、咖啡酸甲酯(4)、阿魏酸甲酯(5)、(E)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸(6)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(7)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(8)、对羟基苯甲酸(9)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(10)、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯(11)、methyl (3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)-acetate (12)、尿囊素(13)、2-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基反丁烯二酸(14)和油酸(15),其中化合物3、7、12、13和14为首次从薏苡中分离得到。活性测试结果表明,化合物1、2、9、10和11对种子萌发具有较强的抑制作用。     

紫茎泽兰中的酚类化学成分

从紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.)乙醇提取物中分离得到11个酚类化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为咖啡酸(1)、阿魏酸(2)、芥子醛(3)、苯乙基阿魏酯(4)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(5)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(6)、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸(7)、没食子酸(8)、3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1-丙醇(9)、2-香豆酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)和4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-3,5-二甲氧基苯基-乙基酮(11)。化合物3~9和11为首次从紫茎泽兰中分离得到。     

岩木瓜茎干化学成分及PTP1B抑制活性研究

综合运用天然产物化学分离、纯化技术从岩木瓜茎干中分离得到18个化合物,结合各化合物理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构,依次为对羟基苯乙酮(1)、对羟基苯甲酸(2)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(3)、3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one(4)、咖啡酸(5)、咖啡酸乙酯(6)、对羟基苯甲醛(7)、咖啡酸甲酯(8)、对羟基桂皮酸(9)、水杨酸(10)、原儿茶酸(11)、3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(12)、对醛基苯基-1-O-葡萄糖苷(13)、色氨酸(14)、豆甾-3,6-二酮(15)、β-谷甾酮(16)、5α-9(11)-豆甾烯-3β-醇(17)和胡萝卜苷(18)。这些化合物均为首次从该植物分离得到,其中化合物4,6,16和17为首次从该属植物中分离得到。对从岩木瓜中分离得到的46个化合物进行PTP1B抑制活性筛选,11个化合物具有PTP1B抑制活性,IC50值在1.0~37.0μM之间。     

鸦胆子果实的化学成分研究

为了解鸦胆子(Brucea javanica)的化学成分,从鸦胆子果实中分离得到13个已知化合物,经波谱学分析鉴定为：对羟基苯甲醛(1),对羟基苯甲酸(2),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(4),没食子酸(5),丁香酸(6),二氢阿魏酸(7),毛地黄黄酮(8),angophorol (9),2β,6β,9β-trihydroxyclovane (10),硬脂酸(11),β-谷甾醇(12)和β-胡萝卜苷(13)。化合物2,4,6~10均系从鸦胆子果实中首次分离得到。     

核桃青皮的化学成分研究——酚类化合物

核桃青皮是一种传统的中药材,含有大量的酚类化合物,具有镇痛、消炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤等功效。为了从核桃青皮中分离得到更多的酚类成分,以利于更好地阐明其作用机理,该研究采用大孔树脂Diaion HP-20SS、凝胶Sephadex LH-20,HPLC等方法对核桃青皮80%的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化。结果表明:共分离了10个单体化合物,它们的结构经质谱(MS)、一维核磁共振谱(~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR)、二维核磁共振谱(HSQC,HMBC)数据的分析及文献数据的比较确定为没食子酸(1),没食子酸甲酯(2),对羟基苯甲酸(3),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(4),6-O-咖啡酸-D-葡萄糖(5),6-O-没食子酸-葡萄糖苷(6),4,8-二羟基-1-四氢萘醌(7),5,8-二羟基-4-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮(8),5,8-二羟基-1-四氢萘酮(9),4-羟基-1-四氢萘酮(10)。其中,化合物5,化合物6为属内首次分离到。该研究结果为进一步深入研究核桃青皮的化学成分和药理作用提供了一定参考。     

香鳞毛蕨的化学成分研究

本文对香鳞毛蕨水提液进行大孔树脂柱色谱,用水、30%、60%、95%乙醇依次洗脱,从香鳞毛蕨30%乙醇组分中分离得到10个化合物,通过波普数据和理化性质分别鉴定为:5,7二羟基-2-羟甲基色原酮(1)、咖啡酸甲酯(2)、2S-圣草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、二氢松柏醇(4)、1,3-二羟基-5-丙基苯(5)、3β-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-7-大柱香波龙烯-9-酮(6)、2-羟基苯甲酸(7)、咖啡酸(8)、对羟基苯乙酮(9)、圣草素(10),以上化合物中4~10为首次从鳞毛蕨属植物中分离得到。     

珍珠荚蒾的化学成分研究

从珍珠荚蒾(Viburnum foetidum var.ceanothoides)的枝叶中分离得到14个化合物,经鉴定分别为:白桦醇(1),熊果醇(2),β-谷甾醇(3),白桦脂酸(4),熊果酸(5),对羟基苯甲酸(6),4,4′-二羟基-a-古柯间二酸(7),反式对香豆酸(8),顺式对香豆酸(9),红花菜豆酸(10),原儿茶酸(11),胡萝卜苷(12),1-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -4-allylbenzene(13)和apigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1″ ′→2″)-β-D-glucopyranoside (14).其中,化合物1、7、9、10和13为首次从荚蓬属中分离得到;所有化合物均首次从珍珠荚蓬中分离得到.     

藏药翁布的酚性成分研究

从藏药翁布(Myricaria germanica)的60％丙酮提取物中进行了进一步研究,从中共分离得到了11个化合物.利用光谱和波谱分析法,分别鉴定为阿魏酸(1),松柏醇(2),阿魏酸葡糖苷(3),异落叶松脂醇(4),咖啡酸(5),对羟基桂皮酸(6),没食子酸(7),3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(8),杜鹃醇(9),3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸(10)和3,4,5-三羟基肉桂酸(11).化合物1～11均为首次从该植物中分得,其中1～6和8～11为首次从水柏枝属植物中分离得到.     

壮药一匹绸根茎的化学成分

采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析及HPLC色谱技术对壮药一匹绸根茎化学成份进行分离和纯化,从其石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定了15个化合物,分别鉴定为东莨菪亭(1)、东莨菪苷(2)、橙黄胡椒酰胺(3)、N-反式-p-香豆酰基酪胺(4)、咖啡酸(5)、咖啡酸甲酯(6)、咖啡酸乙酯(7)、水杨酸(8)、3,7-二羟基-5,4'-二甲氧基黄酮(9)、木栓酮(10)、表木栓醇(11)、十六烷酸(12)、十六烷酸甘油酯(13)、β-谷甾醇(14)、胡萝卜苷(15)。其中,化合物1~13为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

密花荚蒾中两个新的环烯醚萜

利用现代色谱分离手段,从荚蒾属植物密花荚蒾(Viburnum congestum)枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,根据理化性质及现代波谱技术鉴定其结构为密花荚蒾甲素(1)、密花荚蒾乙素(2)、adoxoside(3)、2'-(E)-p-coumaroyldihydropenstemide(4)、3β,23-二羟基-乌苏烷-12-烯-28-酸(5)、ilelatifol A(6)、11-oxoerythrodiol(7)、花旗松素(8)、儿茶素(9)、表儿茶素(10)、表儿茶素-[7,8-bc]-4β-(4-羟基苯)-二氢-2(3H)-吡喃酮(11)、东莨菪素(12)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(13)、(E)-对香豆酸乙酯(14)、(E)-对香豆酸(15)。其中,化合物1和2为新化合物,化合物5、6、11、12为首次从荚蒾属植物中分离得到。     

The phenolic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,is an endogenous regulator of rooting in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Protea cynaroides</Emphasis>

Analysis of stem extracts identified large quantities of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and other similar phenolics. The exogenous application of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid on Protea cynaroides explants in vitro significantly increased the root mass at 100 mg l⁻¹, but not at lower concentrations, while root inhibition was observed at 500 mg l⁻¹. HPLC analysis of cuttings during vegetative propagation showed a considerable increase in 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid levels from initial planting to when root formation took place, indicating for the first time that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid may be an important phenolic compound in regulating root formation in P. cynaroides cuttings. HPLC analysis also identified caffeic, ferulic, gallic and salicylic acids in the cuttings.     

Fungal biotransformation of p-coumaric acid into caffeic acid by Pycnoporus cinnabarinus: an alternative for producing a strong natural antioxidant

Fungal biotransformation of p-coumaric acid into caffeic acid, potentially a strong antioxidant, was evidenced in Pycnoporus cinnabarinus cultures grown with high feeding of p-coumaric acid. Preliminary experiments showed no toxicity of both p-coumaric and caffeic acids at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mg l^–1. Feeding 450 mg p-coumaric acid l^–1 into P. cinnabarinus cultures grown on 20 g l^–1 glucose medium resulted in the production of 257 mg caffeic acid l^–1with a molar yield of 21%.     

The influence of some inhibitors on the formation of caffeic acid in cultures ofPerilla cell suspensions

A cell suspension culture, prepared fromPerilla frutescens var.crispa callus induced by Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.0 ml/l) and kinetin (0.1 mg/l), contained caffeic acid derivatives as the phenolic components. Fresh and dry weights of the cells increased exponentially for about 11 days after transfer to a fresh medium. The contents of caffeic acid and protein also reached a maximum on the 11th day, but α-amino nitrogen phenylalanine and tyrosine continued to increase in amount until the 20th to 23rd day. Caffeic acid formation in the cells was increased by lowering the concentration of 2,4-D. The administration ofl-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionic acid (l-AOPP), 2-aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) andN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) to the cells inhibited caffeic acid formation to a large extent. An 80% inhibition of caffeic acid formation was caused by 10⁻⁴Ml-AOPP whereas phenylalanine and tyrosine contents of the cells became 7.5 and 2.3 times higher at thisl-AOPP concentration than those in the control. An 85% inhibition of caffeic acid formation was achieved at 10⁻³M glyphosate concentration, while 10⁻³M AOA inhibited caffeic acid formation by 95% and also growth rate by 80%. The influence of inhibitors on caffeic acid formation is discussed in relation to the level of α-amino nitrogen, particularly aromatic amino acids, in the cell suspension cultures.     

在无天然游离质粒产甘油假丝酵母中非整合表达合成咖啡酸

【背景】咖啡酸（3,4-二羟基肉桂酸）是一种有多种生物活性和药用价值的天然酚类化合物,产甘油假丝酵母（Candida glycerinogenes）具有咖啡酸前体代谢途径,高耐酸且生长与发酵速率快,是潜在高产咖啡酸的底盘细胞,但无游离载体将影响咖啡酸合成的深入研究。【目的】探索在无天然游离质粒的C. glycerinogenes中构建操作更简便、表达能力更强的游离载体合成咖啡酸的可行性。【方法】筛选自主复制序列（autonomously replicating sequence,ARS）,构建适用于C. glycerinogenes合成咖啡酸的游离载体,并通过改造其ARS位置、标记基因URA5启动子长度、基因表达元件和利用Kozak序列优化表达并合成咖啡酸。【结果】构建的5个分别含不同ARS的载体中,pTGAPU-CA-AOX1t-KLARS在C. glycerinogenes中能自我复制并表达合成咖啡酸的基因,而且当ARS位于目的基因表达元件上游、URA5启动子截短250 bp,或分别采用Kozak序列与终止子URA5t后,咖啡酸产量较改造前均有明显提升,最高产量为初始产量的3.73倍,达29.1 mg/L,高于前期整合表达产量。【结论】在C. glycerinogenes中非整合表达合成咖啡酸且优于整合表达,为今后利用游离载体改造咖啡酸合成代谢途径提供了新工具,同时为其他无游离质粒菌株构建非整合表达体系提供参考。     

Allelopathic activity of different plant parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peganum harmala</Emphasis> L. and identification of their growth inhibitors substances

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of P. harmala leaf, stem and root extract on germination and growth of Avena fatua L. and Convolvulus arvensis L., as well as identification of the phytotoxic substances responsible for this activity. According to our results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: leaves > stems > roots. The two test species differed in their sensitivity to P. harmala extracts. Inhibitory effect on shoot length and seedling dry weight was more pronounced in C. arvensis, whereas higher reduction in germination, root length and total chlorophyll content occurred in A. fatua. A significant amount of water-soluble phenolic acids were found in P. harmala plant extracts. Total phenolic acids content was higher in leaf extracts when compared to that of stem or root extracts. Seven phenolic acids including gallic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid were found in P. harmala leaf extracts. On the other hand, we identified four phenolic acids from stem (galllic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid) and root (galllic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid and cinnamic acid) extracts. The greater number of growth inhibitors detected in the leaves might explain the stronger inhibitory activity. Overall, our results suggest that P. harmala might be used as a natural herbicide for weed control and consequently reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides.     

三叶蔓荆的化学成分研究

采用柱色谱方法,从三叶蔓荆全草(Vitex trifolia L.)95%乙醇提取物的石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到12个化合物。经理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定为软脂酸(1)、对羟基苯甲酸(2)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(3)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(4)、香草酸(5)、咖啡酸(6)、顺式对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(7)、反式对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(8)、木犀草素(9)、槲皮素(10)、芹菜素(11)、齐墩果酸(12)。其中化合物3、6～11为首次从本植物分离得到,化合物3、6～8和11为首次从本属植物分离得到。     

Improved anthraquinone accumulation in cell cultures of Cinchona `Robusta' by feeding of biosynthetic precursors and inhibitors

The effects of feeding of biosynthetic precursors and pathway specific inhibitors on anthraquinone (AQ) accumulation in fungal elicited cell cultures of Cinchona`Robusta' were studied. Addition of glyceraldehyde (1 mM), the initial precursor in the methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, did not increase AQ accumulation, suggesting that the endogenous level of this precursor is not a limiting factor of AQ flux. It is proposed that AQs in Cinchona might be derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, e.g. from caffeic acid. Addition of ferulic acid (1 mM) did not stimulate AQ accumulation, while addition of caffeic acid increased AQ accumulation by 48% compared to the control. The stimulating effect of feeding caffeic acid on AQ accumulation might be due to activation of other pathways. Addition of tectoquinone (2-methyl-anthraquinone) did not change the AQ patterns nor the shifts between AQs in control and tectoquinone-treated cell cultures. Addition of lovastatin, a specific inhibitor of the mevalonic acid pathway, did not inhibit the AQ accumulation. Clomazone, an inhibitor in the MEP pathway, inhibited the AQ accumulation, however. The simultaneous addition of lovastatin and clomazone inhibited both cell growth and AQ accumulation. These results further support the finding that isopentenyl diphosphate, which constitutes ring C of AQs in Cinchona `Robusta', is derived from the MEP pathway, and not from the mevalonic acid pathway.     

Comparative assessment of solvents and lignocellulolytic enzymes affiliated extraction of polyphenols from the various lignocellulosic agro-residues: identification and their antioxidant properties

Abstract

The present investigation was aimed to utilize lignocellulosic agro-residues and compare the extraction of polyphenols utilizing lignocellulolytic enzymes secreted by Sphingobacterium sp. ksn and with that of the solvents (ethanol, methanol) affiliated methods. The maximum amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were 94.29, 11.36, and 79.21?g 100?g^?1 respectively, found in the extracts obtained by enzymes affiliated extraction of coffee cherry husk (CCH). The phenolics namely, gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, 1-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were commonly found whereas syringic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, and epicatechin were hardly found in the extracts of agro-residues. The extracts of CCH shown maximum antioxidant properties for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The present study reports that the affiliation of enzymes for the extraction of polyphenols from agro-residues is more efficient than that of the solvents affiliation and CCH as the good source of polyphenols.     

小花清风藤叶的化学成分研究

对于小花清风藤的化学成分和药理作用的研究目前较少报道,为了阐明小花清风藤的物质基础,该研究对小花清风藤(Sabia parviflora)的干燥叶,采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,运用化学分析和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从小花清风藤干燥叶的甲醇超声提取物中进行分离共得到12个化合物,分别为N-反式阿魏酰酪胺(1)、N-顺式阿魏酰酪胺(2)、N-反式-对-香豆酰酪胺(3)、N-顺式-对-香豆酰酪胺(4)、N-反式-对-香豆酰章鱼胺(5)、N-顺式-对-香豆酰章鱼胺(6)、阿魏酸(7)、芹菜素(8)、木犀草素(9)、咖啡酸(10)、5-氧阿朴菲碱(11)、齐墩果酸(12)。其中,化合物2、4-9为首次从清风藤属植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。