绿肉山楂叶中五种黄酮类成分含量动态变化

为充分利用山楂叶用资源,采用反相高效液相色谱法,以ZORBAX Extend-C18色谱柱（250×4.6 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-0.5%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长345 nm,柱温25℃,对不同生长时期的绿肉山楂叶中牡荆苷、牡荆素2″-O-鼠李糖苷、金丝桃苷、芦丁和槲皮素含量进行测定。结果表明,在此分析检测条件下牡荆苷、牡荆素 2″-O-鼠李糖苷、金丝桃苷、芦丁和槲皮素的精密度、重复性、稳定性及平均加样回收率试验的RSD值均小于3%,方法准确可靠。绿肉山楂叶中含有的黄酮类成分主要以牡荆苷和金丝桃苷为主,且二者含量变化规律与其总黄酮含量变化相似,均在10月初含量达到最高;此时采摘,其质量完全符合《中国药典》的有关规定,故绿肉山楂可作为一种新的药用资源来进一步开发利用。     

以沙苑子苷为对照品测定沙苑子总黄酮含量

目的 :以沙苑子苷为对照品测定沙苑子总黄酮含量。方法 :80 %乙醇提取液 ,2 6 6nm测定紫外吸收度。结果 :总黄酮含量为 2 1.5mg/g ,RSD =1.0 0 % ;回收率 95 .4 % ,RSD =2 .2 7% ,线性范围 4～ 2 4ug/ml。结论 :本法测定沙苑子总黄酮含量 ,操作简便 ,稳定性好 ,可用于沙苑子的质量控制。     

刺五加叶中金丝桃苷含量的测定

用高效液相色谱法测定了刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.& Maxin) Harms)叶中金丝桃苷(hyperin)的含量。色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为甲醇和0.025 mol.L-1磷酸,比例为V甲醇:V0.025 mol.L-1磷酸=55:45 (混合后用三乙胺调pH3.0～3.2),检测波长360 nm。样品用甲醇超声提取。结果表明, 金丝桃苷峰形良好,与其他组分的色谱峰达到基线分离。加样回收率为104%,相对标准偏差RSD为5.38%。本研究为刺五加叶中金丝桃苷含量的测定建立了一种可靠的方法。     

刺五加叶中金丝桃苷含量的测定

用高效液相色谱法测定了刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.&Maxin)Harms)叶中金丝桃苷(hyperin)的含量。色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为甲醇和0.025mol L-1磷酸,比例为V甲醇:V0.025mol.L-1磷酸.=55:45(混合后用三乙胺调pH3.0￣3.2),检测波长360nm。样品用甲醇超声提取。结果表明,金丝桃苷峰形良好,与其他组分的色谱峰达到基线分离。加样回收率为104%,相对标准偏差RSD为5.38%。本研究为刺五加叶中金丝桃苷含量的测定建立了一种可靠的方法。     

土茯苓中总黄酮的含量测定方法研究

目的:建立土茯苓总黄酮的含量测定方法。方法:采用70%乙醇超声提取工艺和可见分光光度法测定土茯苓中总黄酮的含量,以芦丁为对照品,在500 nm波长处测量。结果:芦丁在0.008～0.048 mg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000),平均加样回收率(n=6)以芦丁计为98.34%,RSD为3.4%。结论:此方法操作简单,精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可用于土茯苓总黄酮含量测定。     

十四种金花茶组植物叶总黄酮含量比较

金花茶叶含有丰富的黄酮类化合物.以70%乙醇为提取溶剂,对14种金花茶叶中的黄酮进行超声波提取,并以芦丁为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法于273 nm处测定吸光度,得出各种金花茶叶总黄酮的含量并进行了比较.结果表明:不同种金花茶叶黄酮的含量差异较大,平果金花茶中新叶的总黄酮含量(22.011%)最高,而东兴金花茶中一年叶龄...     

土茯苓中总黄酮的含量测定方法研究

目的：建立土茯苓总黄酮的含量测定方法。方法：采用70%乙醇超声提取工艺和可见分光光度法测定土茯苓中总黄酮的含量,以芦丁为对照品,在500 nm波长处测量。结果：芦丁在0.008～0.048 mg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000）,平均加样回收率（n=6）以芦丁计为98.34%,RSD为3.4%。结论：此方法操作简单,精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可用于土茯苓总黄酮含量测定。     

黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量测定

目的 :测定黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量 ,寻找提取黄芪甲苷的新药源。方法 :本实验以黄芪甲苷为标准品 ,采用薄层色谱—分光光度法测定黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量。结果 :叶中的黄芪甲苷含量是根中的 2 .8倍。结论 :黄芪叶有潜在的开发价值     

蒙药材刺柏叶中槲皮苷的含量测定

本实验建立了蒙药材刺柏叶中槲皮苷的HPLC含量测定方法.色谱条件为:Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm)和Shim-Pack C18(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-冰醋酸(40∶ 60∶ 1.5),检测波长:254 nm,流速:1.0 mL/min,柱温:30℃.槲皮苷进样量在40.2 ng ～603.0 ng范围内线性关系良好(r =0.9998),其平均加样回收率为100.45％,RSD为0.69％(n=6).本方法简便易行,结果准确,重复性好,可用于刺柏叶中槲皮苷的含量测定.     

紫外分光光度法测定木棉叶中总黄酮的含量

目的:测定木棉叶中总黄酮的含量.方法:采用紫外分光光度法在258 nm处测定吸光度.结果:对照品溶液在1.32～13.2 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r =0.9996),平均加样回收率为100.83％,RSD =3.13％.结论:该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于木棉叶的质量控制.     

双水相系统纯化山楂叶中黄酮类物质的研究

应用水、乙醇和硫酸铵三者形成双水相系统,并利用黄酮在乙醇中的溶解度要大于水中的溶解度,以脱除其中一些易溶于水和在高浓度乙醇中溶解度低的物质。尝试了不同盐、不同体积比的乙醇和水、以及盐加入量对分相的影响并测定了其在不同情况下的纯化效果。发现在硫酸铵中的分相情况最好,在加入量到2．5g时既可以达到分相完全。并测定：（1）在5mL乙醇＋5mL水＋5g硫酸铵＋0．15g粗体物（粗体物中黄酮的百分含量为25％）的双水相中,黄酮类物质的回收率为89．2％,而黄酮百分含量提升为47．6％;（2）在4mL乙醇＋5mL水＋5g硫酸铵＋0．15g粗体物（粗体物中黄酮的百分含量为25％）的双水相中,黄酮类物质的回收率为81．9％,而黄酮含量提升为50．9％。水、乙醇和硫酸铵三者形成双水相系统应用于山楂叶中黄酮类物质的纯化在文献中少有报道,而本文应用此法可以将黄酮含量从25％提升到将近47．6％,并且回收率为89％。     

高效液相色谱法测定山楂叶中熊果酸含量的研究

本文建立了一种可靠性高、重现性好的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定山楂叶中熊果酸含量的方法,在测定中采用富集和固相萃取组合纯化工艺去除干扰物质。高效液相色谱测定条件为Hypersil(ODS)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇:0.2%磷酸二氢钠(90∶10,V/V),检测波长210nm,流速0.8mL/min。熊果酸浓度在100~800μg/mL与峰面积存在良好线性关系(r2=0.9992),该方法准确可靠,日内稳定性标准偏差在0.6%~1.5%,日间稳定性标准偏差在0.7%~2.6%。为不同产地山楂叶中熊果酸含量建立有效的分析方法。     

Erwinia amylovora Infection of Hawthorn Blossom

Stamens of freshly opened flowers of hawthorn were inoculated with E;. amylovora and the development of blossom infection was monitored by viable bacterial counts and light and electron microscopy. Some bacterial multiplication occurred on the anther surface, over the dehiscence zone and over the junctions ot the anther-wall cells. bacteria invaded the anther loculc, via the ruptured dehiscence zone, and possibly also vid the stomata surrounding the filament insertion. bacteria within the locule multiplied rapidk with estimated doubling-times which were longer than those derived from in vitro data. Pollen grains Irom infected anthers were found to be heavily eontaminated with bacteria. The invasion of anther tissue, with the production of contaminated pollen, may be important epidemiologieally both as a phase of rapid bacterial multiplication and in the insect-mediated spread of this disease.     

Polyphenolic Content and Physiological Activities of Chinese Hawthorn Extracts

Hawthorn polyphenol (HP) was prepared by ethyl acetate treatment of the ethanol extract (HE) of Chinese hawthorn fruit. The concentrations of 15 polyphenols in the HP, HE, extraction residue (HJ), and a hawthorn leaf extract (HF) were determined by HPLC. For HP, the total content of the 15 polyphenols was 21.4%, comprised of 19.7% of procyanidins, 1.21% of chlorogenic acid, and 0.48% of flavonoids, compared to 2.55% for the HE. The yields of procyanidin monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer were 50.5%, 30.3%, 23.0%, 14.6%, and 12.5% respectively, and the mean degree of polymerization was reduced to 1.39 (HP) from 1.65 (HE). Seven different physiological actions of the four extracts were investigated. The HP showed strong O₂ ^? and ^?OH scavenging capacities (IC₅₀ values of 6.3 μg/ml and 1.1 μg/ml respectively), as well as selective prolyl endopeptidase inhibition (IC₅₀ of 60 μg/ml). The active constituents appeared to be procyanidins.     

Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts

Seven Hawthorn extracts were tested in isolated guinea pig aorta rings. The effect on noradrenaline- (10 microM) induced contraction was investigated. The extracts were prepared using ethanol (40 to 70% v/v), methanol (40 to 70% v/v), and water as the extraction solvents. The aqueous-alcoholic extracts displayed similar spectra of constituents. They were characterised by similar procyanidin, flavonoid, total vitexin and total phenols content and by similar TLC fingerprint chromatograms. The aqueous extract, however, showed a different fingerprint and a noticeably lower concentration of procyanidins, flavonoids and total phenols but a similar total vitexin content. All 7 extracts had a relaxant effect on the aorta precontracted by noradrenaline and led to relaxations to 44 until 29% of the initial values. The EC50 values of the aqueous-alcoholic extracts varied between 4.16 and 9.8 mg/l. The aqueous extract produced a similarly strong maximal relaxation as the other extracts, but the EC50, at 22.39 mg/l, was markedly higher. The results show that Hawthorn extracts with comparable quality profiles were obtained by using aqueous-alcoholic extraction solvents (40 to 70% ethanol or methanol). The extracts exerted comparable pharmacological effects. When using water as the extraction solvent, both, the spectrum of constituents and the pharmacological effect, deviated remarkably. It is thus possible to obtain bioequivalent extracts with comparable effect profiles by using 40 to 70% ethanol or methanol as the extraction solvent.     

山楂果中原花青素提取工艺研究

优选回流提取方法,以山楂果中原花青素含量为考察指标,研究提取溶剂种类、浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对原花青素提取效果的影响。通过正交实验,确定山楂果中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂70%乙醇,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶15,提取时间2 h,提取3次。     

山楂果肉原花青素的体外抗氧化活性和对DNA损伤的保护作用

研究了化学发光法测定山楂果肉原花青素(procyanidins of Hawthorn Sarcocarp 简称HSPC)的体外抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用.运用邻苯三酚-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定了HSPC对超氧阴离子的清除作用,硫酸铜-邻菲啰啉-抗坏血酸-双氧水体系测定了HSPC对羟基自由基的清除作用,双氧水-鲁米诺体系测定了HSPC对体外双氧水的清除作用,采用硫酸铜-邻菲啰啉-抗坏血酸-双氧水-脱氧核糖核酸测定了HSPC对体外DNA损伤的保护作用.结果表明:当HSPC浓度为1 mg/mL时,对超氧阴离子抑制率达87.7%,其半数抑制率浓度IC50值为130.8 μg/mL;100 μg/mL时对羟基自由基抑制率达91.7%,IC50值为61.73 μg/mL;8 μg/mL时对双氧水抑制率达91.6%,IC50值为0.19 μg/mL;40 μg/mL时对体外DNA损伤抑制率达80.7%,IC50值为22.16 μg/mL.表明HSPC具有很好的体外清除活性氧和保护DNA损伤的活性.     

Activity of Hawthorn Leaf and Bark Extracts in Relation to Biological Membrane

The aim of the study was to identify and determine the percent content of polyphenols in extracts from leaves and hawthorn bark, to examine the effect of the extracts on the properties of the biological membrane as well as to determine their antioxidant activity toward membrane lipids. In particular, a biophysical investigation was conducted on the effect of hawthorn extracts on the osmotic resistance and morphology of erythrocyte cells and on the packing of the heads of membrane lipids. Analysis of the polyphenol content of extracts used the HPLC method. Analysis of the polyphenol composition has shown a dominant share of procyanidins and epicatechin in both extracts. The research showed that the polyphenolic compounds contained in hawthorn extracts are incorporated mainly into the hydrophilic part of the erythrocyte membrane, inducing echinocyte shapes. They also diminish the packing order of the lipid polar heads of the membrane, as evidenced by the lowered generalized polarization values of Laurdan. The substances used induced increased osmotic pressure of erythrocytes, making them less sensitive to changes in osmotic pressure. The presence of the extract compounds in the outer hydrophilic part of the erythrocyte membrane, evidenced by examination of the shapes and packing in the hydrophilic part of membrane, indicates that the substances constitute a kind of barrier that protects the erythrocyte membrane against free radicals, while the membrane-bound extracts do not disturb the membrane structure and, thus, do not cause any side effects.     

Lipids of Leaves and Seeds

The lipid components of the chlorophyll lipoproteins isolated from the leaves of Cayratia japonica, Vicia sativa, and Artemisia princeps were separated and identified by column, thin-layer, and paper chromatographies. The lipids were mainly composed of carotenoids, quinones including plastoquinone, sterols and their esters, di- and monoglycerides, free fatty acids, chlorophylls and their degradation products, glycolipids including plant sulfolipids, and phospholipids, in which the glycolipids were predominant. The fatty acid composition was characteristic depending on each separated lipid component. Comparison of the lipid distributions was made between whole leaf and chlorophyll lipoprotein, and also between chlorophyll lipoproteins from young leaves and from full-grown leaves.