渤海南部海域大型底栖动物群落演变特征及原因探讨

根据50多年来渤海南部海域大型底栖动物群落的历史资料,以及2011~2013年的现场调查数据,从渤海南部包括黄河口邻近海域及莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构变化特征出发,分析了其长期演变的过程和规律,旨在阐明底栖动物群落的演变趋势,识别其重要的演变时段.并结合50年来渤海南部海域相关底栖环境因子的变化特征,探讨底栖动物群落的演变原因.过去50余年来,渤海南部海域大型底栖动物群落在物种数、生物量、丰度以及群落结构组成等方面都发生了较大的变动,具体表现为寿命长、体积大、具有高竞争力的K对策种的优势地位正逐渐丧失,而被寿命短、适应能力宽、具有高繁殖能力的R对策种所取代.按照50余年来渤海南部海域大型底栖动物群落的变化特征,大体可分为3个阶段:第一阶段是20世纪60年代之前,底栖动物群落物种数水平低,生物量和丰度均维持在相对较高的水平,经济型个体较大的软体动物和甲壳动物是群落中的主要贡献类群;第二阶段发生在20世纪80年代至2006年,物种数水平升高,生物量水平降低,小型的软体及棘皮动物成为优势类群;第三阶段是2006年之后至今,底栖动物群落有一定程度的恢复,表现在生物量的上升与软体动物、甲壳动物优势地位的逐渐恢复.通过对渤海南部各种环境因素的分析表明,底栖动物群落的长周期变化是渤海南部海域多种环境因素、生物因素变化及人类活动综合作用的结果.     

徐州市云龙湖大型底栖动物群落演变及环境影响因子分析

【目的】了解江苏省徐州市云龙湖大型底栖动物的群落结构及其环境影响因子,可以为保护云龙湖水生态环境提供依据。【方法】于2013—2017年对云龙湖大型底栖动物和水环境因子进行了调查。利用1/16 m2彼得逊采泥器采集大型底栖动物样品,同时利用有机玻璃采水器采集水样,每年的5月和10月各采样一次,共采样10次。利用3种群落多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)评价云龙湖大型底栖动物的群落结构,选择ShannonWiener指数进行水质评价,并应用典型相关分析(CCA)得出大型底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。【结果】云龙湖大型底栖动物群落结构简单,物种较少,3种群落多样性指数年际波动不大。云龙湖水质多年处于轻污染到中污染水平之间。优势物种中水丝蚓属的主要影响因子是总氮浓度,摇蚊幼虫的主要影响因子为高锰酸盐指数。【结论】云龙湖的水体有富营养化风险,应对云龙湖大型底栖动物的保护和水质改善给予足够重视。     

大亚湾大型底栖动物的群落结构

利用2004年3月、5月、9月和12月的大型底栖动物定量采样数据,对大亚湾大型底栖动物的群落结构进行研究.结果表明,大亚湾大型底栖动物大致可分为3个群落,分别分布于湾顶及湾中大部分海域、湾中部和湾口海域,湾中部海域群落的变化较为显著.大型底栖动物整体群落结构的季节变化总体较小,但雨季对大型底栖动物群落的影响较大,存在较明显的干湿季差异.大亚湾海域生态环境受到明显的扰动,处于扰动状态中的大型底栖动物群落稳定性较差;湾顶和湾中大部分海域内的群落Ⅰ,为大亚湾的主体群落,以软体动物为主,种类组成单一、季节变化小,以小鳞帘蛤Veremolpa micra和粗帝汶蛤Timoclea scabra 为特征种.该群落的稳定性最差,处于较强烈的扰动之中;稳定分布于湾口的群落Ⅲ稳定性最好,未受到扰动,以多毛类为主,种类组成较为复杂、变化较大;湾中部海域大型底栖动物群落结构变化较为复杂,主要变化区域为马鞭州附近海域.该群落系经强烈的人为扰动后,经次生演替而形成的新群落,其种类组成的季节变化非常显著,各季的种类几乎完全不同,群落的独立性和抗干扰能力均较弱;与1980's相比,大亚湾大部分区域内大型底栖动物基本保持了原有的群落,但群落稳定性大幅下降,群落的分布范围和种类组成发生较大程度的改变,主体群落组成呈明显的简单化趋势.在人类活动影响下,湾内同一区域内群落完全演替、湾中部海域出现新的群落.     

徐州城市河流和湖泊的大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子分析

对徐州市京杭运河市区段和市区湖泊云龙湖进行了大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子的比较研究。结果显示:城市河流和湖泊生态系统中, 大型底栖动物种类较少、群落结构相对简单, 其中城市河流大型底栖动物的组成主要为水栖寡毛类和软体动物, 城市湖泊大型底栖动物主要组成为水栖寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫。除Margalef 物种丰富度指数外, 河流与湖泊的其他群落指数相差不大。聚类分析将两类生态系统中的大型底栖动物群落明显分为两组。CCA 结果显示云龙湖大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是pH 和溶解氧, 京杭运河徐州市区段大型底栖动物群落的主要影响因子是总磷和化学需氧量。     

湛江红树林保护区大型底栖动物的群落结构

目的：对广东湛江红树林保护区大型底栖动物群落结构及其与红树植物群落、环境因子的关系进行分析。方法：用大型多元统计软件PRIMER对采样调查的数据进行分析。结果：种群的相对重要性存在着地点和季节的差异。聚类和非参数多变量标序分析显示,大型底栖动物群落结构存在季节差异;相似性分析检验表明动物群落结构季节间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,不同剖面的动物群落结构差异也极显著（p〈0．01）;相关检验分析表明,群落结构季节间存在显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05）。相似性百分比分析表明由于某些大型底栖动物优势种的数量存在较大的季节波动,造成群落结构季节间的差异。相关检验分析表明两个红树剖面春季和夏季大型底栖动物的种类丰度和生物量均与对应的红树植物群落特征、环境因子测定值呈显著或极显著相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;生物一环境分析显示,两个红树剖面的大型底栖动物群落结构均与土壤机械组成、pH、盐分、有机质含量、湖位线和红树植物群落相关。结论：研究表明,季节、底质、潮位线和红树植物群落是影响大型底栖动物群落结构变化的主要因子。     

夏、秋季渤海小型底栖动物类群组成及分布特征

分别于2011年6月和11月,搭载"东方红2号"科学调查船在渤海海域(37.0°—40.0°N,118.0°—122.0°E)进行了小型底栖动物的取样,对小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量、空间分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明:研究海域小型底栖动物分布不均匀,表现为黄河口附近及近岸海域小型底栖动物丰度显著低于其他海域。小型底栖动物6月平均丰度高于11月,分别为(1012.7±519.1)个/10 cm~2和(829.5±385.8)个/10 cm~2, 6月平均生物量低于11月,分别为(570.8±307.6)μg干重/10 cm~2和(661.3±310.9)μg干重/10 cm~2。两个航次共鉴定出18个小型底栖动物类群,其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群,分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的95.0%和90.3%,占小型底栖动物总生物量的67.4%和45.3%。其他数量上较重要的类群还有底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类和双壳类等。其中,多毛类丰度具有显著的季节差异,其11月丰度高于6月。两个航次分别有93.6%(6月)和91.1%(9月)的小型底栖动物分布在0—5 cm的表层沉积物内,没有表现季节性垂直迁移。对小型底栖动物生物数据与环境因子的相关分析结果显示,小型底栖动物的丰度与沉积物中值粒径、含水率呈显著负相关,与有机质含量呈极显著负相关,表明这三个因子是决定研究海域小型底栖动物分布的重要因素。小型底栖动物群落组成与环境因子的BIOENV相关分析表明,水深、有机质含量的组合能够最好地解释小型底栖动物群落结构的差异。与渤海海域30年来的小型底栖动物研究比较发现,在过去30年里,渤海小型底栖动物(包括海洋线虫)丰度逐渐增加,而其中的底栖桡足类丰度却在逐渐减少。沉积环境的变化以及人类干扰是引起渤海海域小型底栖动物丰度变化的重要因素。     

长春南湖底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

1　引　　言城市湖泊由于人类活动的强烈影响 ,大多已处于富营养化状态 ,严重降低了湖泊价值 .作为水生态系统中重要的组成部分 ,底栖动物是某些经济鱼类的饵料生物 ,而且其群落结构与水体环境有着密切的关系 ,水质的好坏直接或间接影响到底栖动物的生长、繁殖和种类分布 .国外多年前就已经使用底栖大型无脊椎动物 ,尤其是摇蚊科 (Ｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｉｄａｅ)幼虫和寡毛类的分布格局来作为湖泊营养状态和污染程度的指标[1,3 ,5] .近年来 ,我国在这方面也进行了一些研究[2 ,4 ,6,7] .研究底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系 ,可为湖泊…     

新疆巩乃斯河枯、丰水期大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

为探究新疆巩乃斯河的生态状况, 团队先后在2018年10月(枯水期)和2019年6月(丰水期)对大型底栖动物群落和环境因子进行了调查, 分析大型底栖动物群落结构、功能摄食类群、生活类型组成及其与环境因子的关系。研究河段共采集到大型底栖动物40种, 隶属3门4纲8目27科, 主要以节肢动物门为主, 其中直突摇蚊亚科(Orthocladiinae spp.)、长跗摇蚊族(Tanytansini sp.)、四节蜉属(Baeits sp.)、亚美蜉属(Ameletus sp.)和Cheilotrichia sp.是优势类群。经过分析发现枯、丰水期巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著, T检验结果显示: 枯水期大型底栖动物群落的生物密度和物种丰富度显著低于丰水期(P<0.05), 两个时期大型底栖动物的生物多样性指数和均匀度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。巩乃斯河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群完整, 枯、丰水期均以收集者为主; 在生活类型方面, 枯水期时固着型动物最相对丰度最大为43.20%, 丰水期时蔓生型动物相对丰度最大为57.53%。经过对大型底栖动物和环境因子之间进行典范对应分析发现, 水温是影响巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落变化的关键环境因子。研究成果可为巩乃斯河后续相关研究以及伊犁河水系生态保护提供基础数据支持及参考。     

莱州湾金城海域鱼礁投放后大型底栖动物群落变化

为研究莱州湾金城海域人工鱼礁对大型底栖动物的影响,2009-2012年对鱼礁区与对照区的大型底栖动物进行了9次调查,研究底栖动物种类组成、群落结构、种类相似性、生物量、丰度以及多样性的变化和群落稳定性.结果表明:人工鱼礁区与对照区共采集到大型底栖动物4门30科35种,其中鱼礁区30种,对照区27种.调查海域站点按照鱼礁投放与否可分为两个不同的群落,造成群落分组的首要贡献种为浮游生物食者.鱼礁区与对照区种类相似性由鱼礁投放后第一年的37.5％提高到第二年的58.6％.鱼礁区底栖动物生物量由第一年的1.00 g·m-2增加到第二年的1.55 g·m-2,差异显著;丰度由540 ind·m-2增至622ind·m-2.鱼礁区底栖动物的生物量和丰度均高于对照区.与对照区相比,鱼礁投放后鱼礁区Shannon指数、丰富度指数有所升高,均匀度指数有所降低.丰度/生物量比较(ABC)曲线表明,鱼礁投放后第二年底栖动物群落的扰动较第一年更为明显,说明人工鱼礁投放早期(1～2年)大型底栖动物群落还处于一个被扰动状态.莱州湾金城海域鱼礁投放后大型底栖动物群落变化主要受到物理、化学、生物以及人类活动的影响.     

青弋江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价

研究河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征及水环境质量对水生态的保护与修复具有重要意义。以青弋江流域为研究对象,于2020年9月进行了大型底栖动物及水体理化因子的调查,采用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数及Jaccard相似性系数分析了大型底栖动物群落结构特征,运用丰度/生物量比较曲线法及冗余分析法探究了底栖动物群落受到的干扰程度及其主要影响环境因子,最后利用水生态环境质量综合指数对河流水质进行评价。研究结果表明：(1)共采集鉴定大型底栖动物61种,隶属于3门6纲17目,平均丰度为265.9个/m~2,平均生物量41.6 g/m~2。相对重要性指数分析显示,日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)、中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)、羽摇蚊(Chironomus plumosus)及扁蜉(Ecdyrus)为群落中的主要优势种。(2)由群落相似性分析知,Jaccard相似性系数较低,调查点位之间存在较强的空间异质性。(3)冗余分析表明,电导率、氨氮浓度及流速是影响底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。(4)生物指数分析结果显示该流域水质为轻度污染或中度污...     

渤海中、南部大型底栖动物物种多样性的研究

以1997年 6月、1998年9月和1999年4月共3个航次,覆盖渤海中、南部大部分海区的大型底栖动物丰度、生物量和生产力的研究为基础,进一步对其物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明：研究海域的大型底栖动物物种多样性没有明显的平面分布规律;物种多样性指数与沉积物因子的相关性高于其与底层水因子的相关性;沉积物中污染物含量的确会对大型底栖动物的多样性造成影响。通过对3个航次中3个相同站位的比较,发现不同年份之3个季节的平均Shannon Wiener指数无显著差异（P>0.05）;而1998年9月和1999年4月2个航次中20个相同站位的平均Shannon Wiener指数同样也未表现出明显的差异（P>0.05）。此外,渤海的物种数量要明显地高于胶州湾。     

黄海特定断面夏秋季大型底栖动物生态学特征

根据2001年8月和2002年8、9、10月共4个航次,在黄海特定断面的10个站采集到的大型底栖动物样品,采用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、物种均匀度指数、物种丰度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域大型底栖动物的生态学特性。调查共得到定量样品36个,经分析鉴定有大型底栖动物182种,其中多毛类环节动物54种,软体动物29种,甲壳动物66种,棘皮动物17种,其它类群生物16种。相对于邻近海区,物种丰富度指数较小,物种多样性指数相似,均匀度指数较高;各航次中4、5号站种数明显较少,而生物量和栖息密度没有表现出一定的规律性。通过该断面大型底栖动物的研究发现,可将研究区域的大型底栖动物群落分为沿岸广温性群落、温带性群落和暖水性群落,各群落结构保持相对稳定性;主要底栖动物种类组成在2001年和2002年出现较大变化,而在2002年的8、9、10月的种类组成保持相对稳定。     

宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物生态学特征和季节变化

宁津海域位于山东半岛东端,南北黄海交界处. 根据2007年1、4、7及10月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)对宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物调查资料,采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析以及MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域内大型底栖动物的生态学特点和季节变化.结果表明： 该区域共采集到大型底栖动物243种,其中多毛类动物96种;软体动物43种;甲壳动物77种;棘皮动物13种;其他类群动物14种.各季度优势种有变化也有重叠,拟特须虫和日本倍棘蛇尾为4个季度共有优势种.调查海域年平均生物量为9.5 g·m^-2,最高生物量出现在春季,最低出现在冬季;年平均丰度为219.6 ind·m^-2,最高丰度出现在冬季,最低出现在秋季.物种多样性指数(H)变化范围2.82～3.23,物种丰富度指数(D) 2.28～2.75,物种均匀度指数(J) 0.82～0.86.聚类分析结果表明,4个航次群落分布格局均包含近岸群落和远岸群落;大型底栖动物群落结构与水深和底质等环境因子密切相关.     

Effects of dredging operations on soft bottom macrofauna in a harbor in the Patos Lagoon estuarine region of southern Brazil.

An evaluation was made of the effects of dredging on the soft bottom community in the channel of the Rio Grande harbor in the Patos Lagoon estuarine region of southern Brazil. During four seasonal cruises, samples were collected from nine biological stations, one of which was located outside the dredged area. Three macrobenthic samples were collected on each cruise from each station, using a 0.08 m2 van Veen grab. A cluster analysis was applied to group summer and autumn cruise stations before the dredging period, revealing larger numbers of species (35-36 spp.) and higher densities of organisms. The station located outside the dredging area was always included in this group, regardless of the sampling period or conditions of salinity. Another group comprised the winter and spring stations during the dredging period. This group was characterized by stations with the fewest species (20-18 spp.) and the lowest and most variable organism densities. The efficient strategies of resilience of the dominant estuarine species may minimize the effects of dredging on the biota through the rapid recolonization of the soft bottom of the harbor channel.     

胶州湾潮下带大型底栖动物群落的季节变化

胶州湾位于山东半岛南岸, 是黄海深入内陆的半封闭天然海湾, 底栖动物种类丰富。本文根据2014年2、5、8和11月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)的调查资料, 采用优势度指数, 物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数, Bray-Curtis相似性聚类和非参数多维标度排序(NMDS)方法, 分析了胶州湾大型底栖动物群落的季节变化特点。各航次共采集大型底栖动物199种, 其中多毛类79种, 甲壳动物47种, 软体动物40种, 棘皮动物17种, 其他类群16种。各季度优势种有变化亦有重叠, 以多毛类为主。2014年度胶州湾大型底栖动物的年平均丰度为209.85 ind./m², 最高丰度出现在秋季, 最低出现在春季; 年平均生物量为79.22 g/m², 最高生物量出现在夏季, 最低出现在春季。物种多样性指数(H')变化范围为2.16-2.86, 物种丰富度指数(D)变化范围为2.79-3.72, 物种均匀度指数(J)变化范围为0.58-0.82。聚类分析结果显示, 4个航次的群落相似性系数均较低, 分布格局存在季节性变化。近年来, 伴随海岸带开发及人类活动的持续影响, 胶州湾底栖生境的稳定性受到一定的威胁, 建议继续开展长期连续的监测, 探索有效的综合治理措施, 使胶州湾海洋生态系统能够持续健康的发展。     

The biodiversity of macrobenthos from Jiaozhou Bay

The current situation of the animal species biodiversity of macrobenthic fauna in the Jiaozhou Bay (South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea) is reported in the present paper, based on the data from 15 investigation cruises carried out from February 1998 to November 2001. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, and species evenness and richness indices were used to study the trends of variation of the community structure, the species assemblages in the macrobenthic community, the dominant species, and the abundance of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. A total of 322 species of macrobenthic animals were found in the bay, of which 133 species belong to 44 families of Polychaeta, while 92 species belong to 42 families of Crustacea. The average number of species per sample station ranged from 8 to 26. The Shannon-Wiener indices were very different among the samples, with the highest being recorded from Station 8 in November 2001, and the lowest from Station 9 in August 2001. The number of species, the Shannon-Wiener indices, and the species richness indices from Stations 7 and 9 were generally lower than those from other stations. This is because both the stations are situated at areas with a strong current and where the sediment is coarse sand. Although the richness index of species and the Shannon-Wiener index were high in Station 3, the Pielou evenness index was the lowest of all the sampling stations. This is because the station is located near the culture area of Ruditapes philippinarum, where a high abundance of clams caused low evenness. The results also revealed that the number of species and abundance greatly affected the biodiversity, and some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and primary productivity were also closely interrelated with biodiversity. Pollution and overexploitation caused by human activities were very important factors affecting macrobenthic biodiversity. In order to find the best way to enhance and protect living marine resources, the relationship between human activities and the biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Jiaozhou Bay should be studied further.     

The biodiversity of macrobenthos from Jiaozhou Bay

The current situation of the animal species biodiversity of macrobenthic fauna in the Jiaozhou Bay (South Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea) is reported in the present paper, based on the data from 15 investigation cruises carried out from February 1998 to November 2001. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, and species evenness and richness indices were used to study the trends of variation of the community structure, the species assemblages in the macrobenthic community, the dominant species, and the abundance of macrobenthic fauna in Jiaozhou Bay. A total of 322 species of macrobenthic animals were found in the bay, of which 133 species belong to 44 families of Polychaeta, while 92 species belong to 42 families of Crustacea. The average number of species per sample station ranged from 8 to 26. The Shannon-Wiener indices were very different among the samples, with the highest being recorded from Station 8 in November 2001, and the lowest from Station 9 in August 2001. The number of species, the Shannon-Wiener indices, and the species richness indices from Stations 7 and 9 were generally lower than those from other stations. This is because both the stations are situated at areas with a strong current and where the sediment is coarse sand. Although the richness index of species and the Shannon-Wiener index were high in Station 3, the Pielou evenness index was the lowest of all the sampling stations. This is because the station is located near the culture area of Ruditapes philippinarum, where a high abundance of clams caused low evenness. The results also revealed that the number of species and abundance greatly affected the biodiversity, and some environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and primary productivity were also closely interrelated with biodiversity. Pollution and overexploitation caused by human activities were very important factors affecting macrobenthic biodiversity. In order to find the best way to enhance and protect living marine resources, the relationship between human activities and the biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Jiaozhou Bay should be studied further.     

Distribution and structure of macrobenthic fauna in the eastern Laptev Sea in relation to environmental factors

The Laptev Sea still ranks among the less known regions of the world’s ocean. Here, we describe the distribution and composition of macrobenthic communities of the eastern shelf and identify key environmental control factors. Samples were collected from dredge catches carried out at 11 stations at depths between 17 and 44 m in August/September 1993 during the TRANSDRIFT I cruise of the Russian R/V “Ivan Kireev.” A total of 265 species were identified from the samples, mostly crustaceans (94). Species numbers per station ranged from 30 to 104. Macrobenthic community distribution clearly showed a depth zonation, consisting of a “Shallow” zone (<20 m), dominated by the crustaceans Mysis oculata (Mysidacea) and Saduria entomon (Isopoda) as well as molluscs, an “Intermediate” zone (20–30 m), characterised by a clear dominance of the bivalve Portlandia arctica, and a “Deep” zone (>30 m) with bivalves P. arctica and Nuculoma bellotii as well as brittle stars Ophiocten sericeum and Ophiura sarsi being most abundant. According to a correlation analysis between faunal and environmental data a combination of duration of ice cover and water depth, respectively, showed the highest affinity to macrobenthic distribution. We conclude that the food input to the benthos, which is largely related to ice-cover regime, and the stress due to the pronounced seasonal salinity variability, which is primarily related to water depth, are prime determinants of macrobenthic community distribution and major causes of the prominent depth zonation in the Laptev Sea. Within the depth zones, sediment composition seems to be most significant in controlling the patterns in the distribution of the benthic fauna.     

Roles of sulfate adsorption and base cation supply in controlling the chemical response of streams of western Virginia to reduced acid deposition

Micro-organisms are vital for the functioning of all food webs and are the major drivers of the global biogeochemical cycles. The microbial community compositions and physicochemical conditions of the different water masses in the North Sea, a biologically productive sea on the northwestern European continental shelf, were studied during two summer cruises, in order to provide detailed baseline data for this region and examine its microbial biogeography. For each cruise the stations were clustered according to their physicochemical characteristics and their microbial community composition. The largest cluster, which covered most of the central and northern North Sea, consisted of stations that were characterized by a thermally stratified water column and had low chlorophyll a autofluorescence and generally low microbial abundances. The second main cluster contained stations that were dominated by picoeukaryotes and showed the influence of influxes of North Atlantic water via the English Channel and south of the Shetland Islands. The third main cluster was formed by stations that were dominated by cyanobacteria and nanoeukaryotes in the reduced salinity Norwegian Coastal and Skagerrak waters, while the fourth cluster represented the German Bight, a region with strong riverine input, high nutrient concentrations, and consequently high heterotrophic bacterial and viral abundances. Despite the complex and dynamic hydrographic nature of the North Sea, the consistent distinctions in microbiology between these different hydrographic regions during both cruises illustrate the strong links between the microbial community and its environment, as well as the possibility to use microorganisms for long-term monitoring of environmental change.     

中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

2006年7-8月、12月-2007年2月、2007年4-5月、2007年10-12月,对中国近海进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查.根据采集的浮游动物样品分析鉴定结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落结构、种类组成及优势种的季节变化进行研究.结果表明,中国近海浮游动物有1330种,隶属于7门19大类群,浮游幼体47类,其中,节肢动物为最优势类群,有782种,占58.80％,其次为刺胞动物,有324种,占24.36％.在浮游动物群落结构中,4个海区均以桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势.中国近海4个海区浮游动物种类数有明显季节变化,渤海和黄海,浮游动物种类数夏、秋季多于春、冬季;东海和南海,浮游动物种类数春、夏季多于秋、冬季.中国近海浮游动物群落大体可划分为6个主要生态类群:近岸低盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温高盐类群、低温广盐类群、高温广盐类群和广温广盐类群.结合同步调查的其它生物、水文、化学环境参数的分析结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落种类丰度与环境因子进行生物与环境变量关系分析,结果表明,浮游动物群落结构与水温、盐度、水深、溶解氧、硝酸盐和pH存在明显相关关系.水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的两个环境因子.