氯化锂对脓毒症大鼠血清促炎细胞因子及氧化损伤的影响

目的:探讨氯化锂对脓毒症大鼠的促炎细胞因子及氧化损伤的影响。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表随机分为假手术组(S组,n=10)、模型组(CLP组,n=20)、氯化锂干预组(CLP+Li Cl组,n=20),每组又分为8 h、16 h、24 h 3个时间观察点亚组,CLP组采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)制备脓毒症模型。氯化锂干预组于CLP手术后立即给予腹腔注射Li Cl溶液(50 mg/Kg),假手术组和CLP组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射。每组每只大鼠分别于术后8 h、16 h、24 h采集眼眶静脉血检测其中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度,并记录术后24 h各组大鼠生存率。结果:与S组相比,CLP组及CLP+Li Cl组各时间点血清TNF-α、IL-6和MDA的浓度上升,SOD浓度降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与CLP组同时间点比较,CLP+Li Cl组血清TNF-α、IL-6和MDA的浓度下降,SOD浓度升高;与CLP组术后24h生存率相比,CLP+Li Cl组生存率提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氯化锂可能通过抑制炎性细胞因子释放以及减轻氧化应激损伤的机制实现提高脓毒症大鼠生存率的作用。     

肠淋巴途径对休克大鼠心肌自由基、炎性介质的影响

目的：观察结扎肠系膜淋巴管对重症失血性休克大鼠不同时期心肌自由基、炎症介质的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠78只,分为假手术组、休克组、结扎组。休克组与结扎组复制重症失血性休克模型,结扎组于休克复苏后行肠系膜淋巴管结扎术。于休克后90min、输液复苏后0h、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h等时间点处死大鼠,制备心肌组织匀浆,检测MDA、SOD、TNFα、IL-6、NO、NOS以及MPO水平,RT—PCR方法测定心肌组织iNOS mRNA表达。结果：休克组大鼠输液复苏后多个时间点心肌匀浆MDA、TNFα、IL-6、MPO、NO、NOS和iNOS mRNA表达均有不同程度的升高,3h-12h持续在较高水平,均显著高于假手术组,心肌匀浆SOD活性显著低于假手术组：结扎组多个时间点心肌匀浆MDA、TNFα、IL-6、MPO、NO、NOS以及iNOS mRNA显著低于休克组相应时间点,SOD活性高于休克组相应时间点。结论：肠系膜淋巴管结扎阻断肠淋巴液回流,可减少心肌PMN扣押、降低TNFα、IL-6的释放、抑制NO生成及iNOS mRNA表达、减少自由基释放与SOD消耗。     

脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤中炎症介质的变化及机制探讨

目的观察脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤(AKI)中血清和肾脏组织中炎症介质的变化及肾脏组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达,探讨脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤的可能机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)和盲肠结扎穿孔组(CLP组)。CLP组大鼠采用盲肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症动物模型,Sham组除不结扎穿孔盲肠外,其余处理同脓毒症组。分别于造模后6h、12h和24h观察各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平,肾脏组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)mRNA表达;免疫组化法检测肾小管中NF-κB p65的表达,分析NF-κB p65核阳性率。结果与相同时间点Sham组比较,CLP组6h~12h大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显升高(P0.01),CLP组6h~24h大鼠肾脏组织中TLR4mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01),CLP组12h~24h大鼠肾脏组织中HMGB1mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01),CLP组6h~24h大鼠肾小管中NF-κB p65核阳性率升高(P0.05~P0.01)。结论随脓毒症致AKI病程的延长,大鼠肾脏组织中TLR4和HMGB1mRNA表达和NF-κB p65核阳性率明显升高,其机制可能与TLR4介导的炎症通路密切相关。     

抗炎合剂对脓毒症小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及机制

摘要 目的：探讨抗炎合剂对脓毒症致心肌损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法：将32只体重22～25 g的雄性C57小鼠随机分为4组：正常组、假手术组、模型组（脓毒症模型）、抗炎合剂组。采用盲肠结扎穿孔术（cecal ligation and puncture，CLP）建立脓毒症模型，模型组、抗炎合剂组在造模后分别用生理盐水、抗炎合剂（Anti-inflammation mixture，AIM）对大鼠进行干预。正常组：正常进食饮水；假手术组：假手术前每天给予生理盐水（1.4 mL/100 g），并腹腔注射生理盐水（5 mg/kg）每日1次，连续3日。第4日行假手术；模型组（CLP组）：CLP术前给予生理盐水（1.4 mL/100 g），每天1次，并腹腔注射生理盐水（5 mg/kg）每日1次，连续3日。第4日CLP；抗炎合剂组：CLP术前给予中药抗炎合剂（1.4 mL/100 g），每天1次，并腹腔注射生理盐水（5 mg/kg）每日1次，连续3日。第4日行CLP；各组分别于手术后24小时行标本采集，采用HE染色和TUNEL染色观察小鼠心肌组织损伤情况，同时检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和炎症因子白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平。结果：与正常对照组或假手术组相比，CLP模型组小鼠的心肌组织出现大量炎性细胞浸润，心肌细胞凋亡率显著升高（P<0.01）；而抗炎合剂组相较于CLP模型组心肌细胞凋亡率显著下降（P<0.01）。与正常对照组或假手术组相比，CLP模型小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著升高（P<0.001），而中药抗炎合剂组TNF-α、IL-1β水平相较于模型组显著降低（P<0.01）。此外，与正常对照组和假手术组相比，模型组SIRT1 mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平显著降低，抗炎合剂显著提高SIRT1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结论：抗炎合剂可能通过提高SIRT1的表达，抑制CLP脓毒症小鼠的炎症反应，进而减轻心肌损伤。     

黄芩甙对重症急性胰腺炎保护作用的研究

目的:探讨黄芩甙对重症急性胰腺炎保护作用的机制.方法:45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和黄芩甙干预组,每组15只.假手术组进腹后仅翻动胰腺和十二指肠后关腹,模型组采用3.5%牛黄胆酸纳逆行胰胆管注射造成重症急性胰腺炎大鼠模型,黄苓甙干预组在造模成功后给予黄芩甙治疗.观察各组大鼠术后胰腺的病理变化,术后3 h、6h、12h腹水及血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶的变化,测定胰腺组织MDA,SOD,TNF-α及IL-8的含量.结果:①在各时间点,模型组腹水量、血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶均较假手术组显著增加(p＜0.01);黄芩甙干预组腹水量、血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶均较模型组显著减少(p＜0.05),其中12 h组腹水量较6h组显著减少(p＜0.05);6h、12h血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶较3 h组显著降低(p＜0.05);②假手术组组织结构完整,无明显改变;模型组胰腺及周围有皂化斑的形成,胰腺水肿、出血,炎细胞浸润,胰腺组织结构破坏明显,有大片坏死区;黄芩甙治疗组和模型组比较显著改善;③在各时间点,模型组胰腺组织中MDA,TNF-α及IL-8含量较假手术组均显著升高,SOD显著降低(p＜0.05);黄芩甙干预组较模型组MDA,TNF-α及IL-8含量显著降低,SOD显著升高(p＜0.05).结论:黄芩甙可能通过降低氧自由基对组织的损害,抑制炎症因子的产生和释放起到保护胰腺组织的作用.     

黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响

目的:观察黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响,探讨黄芪注射液对糖尿病脑血管病变的保护作用.方法:饲养至14周龄的雄性KKAy小鼠随机分成模型组和黄芪注射液治疗组(每日腹腔给药,剂量为3 mL/kg),同龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为对照组.血糖仪测量20、24、28周龄时各组小鼠的空腹血糖水平.28周龄时处死各组小鼠,放射免疫法检测血清6-酮-前列腺素-F1α( 6-Keto-PGF1α)和血栓素B2(TXB2)的含量.透射电子显微镜观察脑组织超微结构变化.结果:模型组KKAy小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠(P＜0.01);黄芪治疗组小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠(P＜0.01),但低于模型组小鼠(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).模型组小鼠血清6-Keto-PGF1α水平较正常组降低(P＜0.01),TXB2含量增高(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,黄芪注射液治疗组小鼠6-Keto-PGF1α水平升高(P＜0.01),TXB2含量下降(P＜0.01).透射电镜显示模型组小鼠神经细胞胞核染色质疏松,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网缩小,核糖体减少;治疗组小鼠以上病变明显改善.结论:黄芪注射液可以有效改善2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变,保护神经细胞结构.     

L-Arg对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠肺表面活性物质和肺泡巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的:探讨L-精氨酸(L-Arg)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠肺表面活性物质和肺泡巨噬细胞功能的影响。方法:舌下静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)复制肺损伤模型。健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、模型组(LPS组)和L-Arg治疗组(L-Arg组)(n=16)。分别于给予LPS 3 h或6 h后给予生理盐水(对照组及LPS组,ip)和L-Arg(500 mg/kg ip)(L-Arg治疗组),治疗3 h。原位杂交法(ISH)检测肺组织中肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)mRNA的表达;测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的总蛋白(TP)。体外分离培养大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,以LPS(终浓度10 mg/L)处理巨噬细胞,观察L-Arg对肺泡巨噬细胞的影响。结果:与对照组比较,大鼠肺损伤后SP-A mRNA表达减弱,BALF中TP增多(P<0.01)。肺损伤3 h用L-Arg治疗3 h后,SP-A mRNA阳性细胞表达明显增强,BALF中TP较LPS组相同时间点明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),肺损伤减轻。体外实验中,与正常对照组相比,LPS组细胞培养上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNFα-)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度明显增高(P<0.01);L-Arg明显减少LPS所致的LDH的释放,降低TNFα-和IL-6浓度。结论:L-Arg可减轻内毒素性肺损伤,此机制可能与增强SP-AmRNA表达有关;LPS可刺激巨噬细胞分泌促炎因子和NO,L-Arg可抑制LPS对巨噬细胞的作用。     

富氢液对大鼠脓毒血症引起急性肺损伤的影响

目的:探讨富氢液对大鼠脓毒血症引起急性肺损伤的影响。方法:24只大鼠建立盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)脓毒症模型,随机均分为以下3组(n=8):假手术组(Sham组)、CLP组及CLP+富氢液组。CLP+富氢液组于CLP后即时、6及18 h腹腔分别注射富氢液5 ml/kg,CLP组及假手术组于上述相应时间点腹腔注射富氢液5 ml/kg。CLP或假手术24 h后检测肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、HMGB1、IL-10、MDA、SOD、MPO活性及干湿重比(W/D)并采用HE染色法进行肺组织学评分。结果:与Sham组比较,CLP组及CLP+富氢液组肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、HMGB1、IL-10、MDA、SOD、MPO活性、W/D及肺组织学评分明显升高而SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05);与CLP组相比,CLP+富氢液组IL-6、HMGB1、MDA、MPO明显降低及肺组织学评分明显降低而SOD明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:富氢液降低脓毒血症的炎性反应和氧化应激,从而改善ALI时的肺功能。     

小鼠脓毒症模型的建立和评价

目的建立小鼠脓毒症模型并进行评价,为研究脓毒症致病机制和开发抗炎药物提供模型动物。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔法(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)诱导小鼠脓毒症,通过动物生存、术后小鼠载菌量、血常规和血生化指标、细胞因子水平、组织病理变化等方面对模型进行评价。结果小鼠的死亡率与盲肠结扎部位密切相关,盲肠结扎50%小鼠12 d存活率在40%左右,结扎75%小鼠4 d全部死亡(P0.01)。与假手术组相比,50%结扎CLP小鼠血液和腹腔中载菌量增加,白细胞下降,差异有显著性(P0.001)。CLP小鼠肝转氨酶ALT、AST和血清尿素氮BUN水平升高,差异具有显著性(P0.01),炎症因子IL1α、IL6、IL10、MIP1α、MIP1β、TNFα水平升高。手术后48 h小鼠的肝和肺出现明显组织病理损伤。结论小鼠CLP模型具有典型的脓毒症病理特征,为后期研究抗炎药物的筛选提供了较好的动物模型。     

重组别藻蓝蛋(rAPC)抑瘤活性及其对免疫作用的研究

目的:观察重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)对接种H22肝癌细胞小鼠的抑瘤活性及其免疫作用.方法:昆明小鼠随机分为5组(10只/组),即模型组、rAPC低、中、高剂量组(25,50,100mg/kg·d)、环磷酰胺组(CY对照组).建立小鼠肝癌1422移植瘤模型,次日除模型组外,其余4组分别以不同剂量的rAPe、CY灌胃,于15d后处死,完整剥离出肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏,准确称重,计算抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾指数,并采用放免法(PIA)测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平.结果:rAPC低剂量组小鼠H22肿瘤质量增长较模型组缓慢(P＜0.05),中、高剂量组较模型组显著缓慢(P＜0.01),抑瘤率分别为25.2%、36.7%、43.1%;rAPC各剂量组能升高胸腺指数、脾指数和血清中细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平.结论:rAPC可有效抑制H22肝癌的生长,促进小鼠胸腺和脾脏的生长发育,提高小鼠的免疫功能,从而抑制肿瘤的生长.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.