三峡库区172m蓄水期间泥、沙沉降对低位狗牙根种群的影响

三峡库区消落带植物恢复不仅面临长期淹水逆境,还面临泥沙、干旱等环境因素的胁迫。2009年实验、调查研究了三峡库区长寿段低位消落带的狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon L.)种群,探讨了泥、沙沉降对狗牙根种群的影响。结果表明,泥沉降和沙沉降均显著促进了狗牙根芽的萌发,而抑制了狗牙根的芽形成和萌发苗的生长,且前者的抑制作用显著大于后者。泥沉降导致总芽数、萌发苗的茎长和茎宽分别比对照低65.4%(P<0.05)、97.0%(P <0.05)、31.2%(P <0.05),而沙沉降导致前述参数分别比对照低17.1%(P<0.05)、21.2%(P<0.05)、1.0%(P>0.05)。分别将被沉降泥掩埋的狗牙根移植、掩埋于12cm厚的泥和沙中,40d后对照和S'_d组(覆盖沙)狗牙根芽萌发后均能在地面上形成正常的分株,而S'_l组(覆盖泥)的萌发芽无法穿透覆盖层,形成分株。S'_l组狗牙根芽的萌发率显著高于对照和S'_d组,但其萌发苗的茎长和茎节数均显著低于对照,分别为对照的30.3%(P<0.05)、80.4%(P<0.05);而S'_d组分株的茎长、茎节数、叶片数、叶长和叶宽均显著高于对照组,分别比后者高87.9%(P<0.05)、53.0%(P<0.05)、24.2%(P<0.05)、23.4%(P<0.05)和24.1%(P<0.05)。S'_l组萌发苗的鲜质量、干质量和干鲜质量比分别比对照组低83.3%(P<0.05)、86.2%(P<0.05)、15.8%(P<0.05);而S'_d组萌发苗的鲜质量、干质量和干鲜质量比分别比对照组高76.8%(P<0.05)、110.1%(P<0.05)、20.0%(P<0.05)。表明,低位消落带的狗牙根对沙沉降具有较强的适应能力,而对泥沉降的适应能力较低,泥沉降是库区低位消落带狗牙根种群恢复的主要影响因素之一。     

模拟沙埋对三峡库区低位消落带狗牙根恢复生长的影响

以三峡库区低位消落带的狗牙根植株为研究对象,探讨不同沙埋深度对淹水后狗牙根萌发和生长恢复的影响。结果表明:10 cm沙埋显著抑制了狗牙根的萌发,其萌发率降低15.5%,而20 cm沙埋作用相反,萌发率增加75.9%;10 cm沙埋条件下萌发苗能穿透覆盖层形成分株,而20 cm沙埋条件下无法形成分株;前者的茎长、茎宽、茎节数、总茎节数、茎节数/茎长、叶长、叶片数、鲜重、干重和干鲜重比分别比对照高19.2%、8.2%、45.4%、16.8%、42.7%、7.2%、4.0%、19.1%、35.3%、13.5%,而后者的茎长、茎节数、鲜重、干重和干鲜重比分别比对照低76.3%、20.3%、88.3%、92.6%、36.7%;10 cm沙埋条件下狗牙根萌发苗的总茎长、总叶片数、总鲜重、总干重及其与种群总生物量的鲜重比、干重比分别比对照低4.2%、36.3%、31.9%、22.7%、24.4%、12.4%,20 cm沙埋条件下萌发苗的总茎长、总鲜重、总干重及其与种群总生物量的鲜重比、干重比分别比对照低65.3%、74.5%、83.8%、76.4%、86.7%;10 cm沙埋能促进狗牙根萌发苗茎、叶的伸长以及茎节、叶片的形成,以降低逆境伤害;但是20 cm沙埋导致萌发苗无法正常生长发育。     

三峡库区多年高水位运行对消落带狗牙根生长恢复的影响

为深入了解三峡库区多年高水位运行对消落带优势植物生长恢复的影响,分别于2008年和2017年定量调研了库区长寿段消落带狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)种群的变化,探讨了库区高水位运行对消落带狗牙根萌发、生长和物质分配的影响。结果表明,多年的高水位运行导致不定芽形成和萌发显著被促进,形成更多的分株;高水位运行导致狗牙根分株的株高、茎宽和叶片数被显著抑制,而叶长和种群的总叶片数被显著促进,且随着消落带水位的降低叶长呈降低趋势,而叶宽和总叶片数呈增加趋势;高水位运行导致狗牙根种群匍匐茎和地下茎的茎长、茎节数和总茎长均被显著促进,且随着消落带水位降低匍匐茎茎长和茎节数呈显著的降低趋势,而地下茎茎长和茎节数呈增加趋势;高水位运行导致狗牙根地下茎储存的干质量呈增加趋势,而分株和匍匐茎的干质量呈降低趋势,而且在种群物质分配中地下茎所占的比例呈增大趋势,低水位狗牙根种群的分株和高水位种群的匍匐茎所占的比例也呈增加趋势。因此,狗牙根不仅具有很强的耐淹和生长恢复能力,也具有很强的拓殖能力,可以作为库区中低位消落带恢复和重建的主要原生物种。     

蓄水后洪水胁迫对三峡库区消落带狗牙根幼苗生长的影响

为了进一步评估蓄水期后三峡库区消落带狗牙根的水淹耐受能力, 于蓄水期后引种库区消落带狗牙根植株, 模拟洪水发生时水下无光、淹水逆境, 探讨洪水复合胁迫持续时间对其后期生长恢复的影响。结果表明: 洪水胁迫显著抑制狗牙根分株的生长发育, 随着胁迫时间的延长其分株数、分株茎长、分株总茎长、分株茎宽、分株叶片数、分株总叶片数均显著低于对照, 仅短期(20 d)胁迫促进了分株叶片的伸长; 短期(20 d)胁迫促进了分枝数、分枝直径和分枝茎节长的生长, 分别比对照增加 20.0%(P<0.05)、15.0%(P<0.05)、18.2%(P<0.05), 但是随着洪水胁迫时间的延长, 狗牙根的分枝数、分枝长、总分枝长、分枝直径、分枝茎节长、分枝茎节数、分枝总茎节数均呈降低趋势; 随着洪水胁迫时间的延长植株叶片光合作用能力也呈降低趋势, 原初光化学效率、实际光化学效率、电子传递速率、光化学淬灭系数显著低于对照, 而非光化学淬灭系数则相反, 表明能量更多的以热的形式被耗散掉, 参与 CO2 固定的电子数显著减少, 光合产物显著降低。因此, 三峡库区消落带狗牙根幼苗对洪水复合胁迫的耐受能力较强, 胁迫时间≥40 d 后其耐受能力呈显著降低趋势, 会导致库区消落带(特别是低水位消落带)狗牙根种群衰退演替加快。     

刈割与水淹对三峡库区消落带优势物种狗牙根存活及恢复生长的影响

三峡库区消落带蓄水期间植物腐烂分解释放的养分会增加库区的富营养化风险,水淹前刈割是消减水体污染风险的有效方式之一,但刈割对库区消落带适生植物恢复生长的影响尚不清楚。为探究三峡库区消落带适生植物对水淹和刈割胁迫的耐受情况,选取消落带适生植物狗牙根为研究对象,设置对照(CK)、浅淹(SF)、浅淹-对照(SFK)、全淹(TF)、全淹-对照(TFK)5种水淹处理和不刈割(NC)、留茬30 cm(S30)、留茬20 cm(S20)、留茬10 cm(S10)4个刈割强度,研究不同水淹和刈割处理对狗牙根存活、生长和光合特征的影响。结果表明：(1)狗牙根在不同水淹和刈割处理下整体可保持较高的存活率(≥83.3%)。(2)刈割和水淹处理对狗牙根的形态生长和生物量分配均存在显著影响。与对照相比,SF组狗牙根的根长、基径和生物量显著降低,TF组狗牙根的株高、基径、根长和生物量显著降低,但是SFK和TFK处理(脱离水淹胁迫)相比SF和TF组却显著增长。(3)刈割和水淹处理对狗牙根的光合速率影响显著,其中SF组狗牙根的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Ci)显著降低,TF处理叶片全部凋落无光合作用...     

泥沙掩埋和干旱对三峡库区消落带狗牙根生长恢复的影响

三峡库区消落带植物恢复不仅面临长期淹水逆境,还面临泥沙、干旱等环境因素的胁迫。蓄水期后引种三峡库区消落带狗牙根,掩埋于不同粒径和埋深的沉降泥沙,探讨泥沙掩埋、干旱对反季节淹水后狗牙根出苗和生长恢复的影响。结果表明:在埋深≥8cm和粒径1.25 mm条件下消落带狗牙根萌发苗不能穿透覆盖层出苗。泥沙掩埋导致狗牙根出苗率显著降低,随着埋深增加狗牙根出苗率迅速下降;并且在埋深相同的条件下随着粒径减小狗牙根出苗速率呈增大趋势。随着埋深增加和粒径减小处理组株高、叶长的增长显著被抑制,处理组的株高、叶片数、叶长显著低于对照组。随着干旱、泥沙掩埋复合胁迫时间延长狗牙根分株株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽的生长发育显著被抑制,且随着泥沙粒径减小和埋深增加其光合电子传递速率呈显著降低趋势,热耗散量显著增大。同时,干旱、泥沙掩埋复合胁迫导致处理组分株光合电子传递速率和热耗散能力显著低于对照组,光合作用能力显著降低,易受到夏季高光伤害。因此,三峡库区周年淹水导致狗牙根对泥沙掩埋以及干旱复合胁迫的耐受能力显著降低,在泥沙掩埋以及干旱复合胁迫下消落带狗牙根的生长恢复能力随粒径减小和埋深增加呈显著降低趋势,会导致库区消落带狗牙根种群衰退演替加快。     

生态袋护坡技术在三峡水库消落带植被恢复中应用的可行性研究

通过对三峡水库重庆市巫山县双龙镇和巫峡镇段消落带开展生态袋护坡复绿试验7年后，生态袋上（内）、生态袋堆叠处上方和左侧消落带狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）的种群密度、表型生长性状、地上和地下生物质量，以及土壤理化性质的测定，探讨以狗牙根为生态袋上的种植植物，将生态袋护坡技术用于三峡水库消落带植被恢复的可行性。结果表明：（1）各试验地生态袋上与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带的狗牙根种群密度和地上生物质量差异不显著。（2）狗牙根的表型生长性状和根系生物质量因地和在生态袋堆叠处的方位不同而异。在双龙镇试验地，生态袋上比其堆叠处上方消落带上狗牙根的植株长度和节间长度低23.9%和22.6%（P<0.05），除此之外的各项指标差异均不显著；生态袋内0-5 cm土层的根系生物质量比其堆叠处上方消落带增加了75.7%（P<0.05），比其堆叠处左侧消落带降低了11.8%，在5-15 cm各土层降低了91.6%-96.9%（P<0.05），15-20 cm土层的差异不显著。在巫峡镇试验地，生态袋上与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带的各表型生长性状的差异均不显著；生态袋内各土层的根系生物质量均比其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带增加了20.0%-138.7%。（3）各试验地生态袋内与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带土壤容重的差异不显著，土壤化学性质因地和在生态袋堆叠处的方位不同而异。在双龙镇试验地，生态袋内的土壤全氮和速效氮含量比其堆叠处上方消落带分别降低了13.6%和40.9%（P<0.05），比其堆叠处左侧消落带分别降低了11.9%和33.0%（P<0.05）；速效钾含量比其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带分别增加了18.3%和34.1%（P<0.05）；除此之外各指标的差异均不显著。在巫峡镇试验地，生态袋内的土壤pH值和全氮含量比其堆叠处上方消落带分别降低了1.4%和27.9%（P<0.05），全钾含量增加了6.1%（P<0.05）；土壤全钾和速效钾含量比生态袋堆叠处左侧消落带分别降低了8.1%和24.9%（P<0.05）；除此之外各指标的差异也不显著。（4）狗牙根种群密度、大多数生长指标和生物质量与土壤理化指标相关不紧密。总体上，生态袋上（内）与其堆叠处上方和左侧消落带的大多数表型生长指标，地上和地下生物质量，以及土壤理化指标的差异不显著。狗牙根耐淹、抗旱、耐贫瘠，根系发达，且穿透力强，能够在生态袋上正常生长；生态袋透水不透土，且具有一定的保肥能力。因此，以狗牙根为生态袋上的种植植物，将生态袋护坡技术用于三峡水库消落带植被恢复具有一定的可行性。     

三峡库区消落区几种两栖植物的适生性评价

根据三峡库区消落区的环境特征,两年间通过在库区消落区山地实验基地的种植及实地淹没试验,对几种备选用于生态修复的两栖植物进行适生性评价筛选研究.结果表明:狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、野地瓜藤(Ficus tikoua)、尼泊尔蓼(Polygonum nepalense )、水花生( Alternanthera philoxeroides)、百喜草(Paspalum Notatum )、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)在100～150d的低水位出露期内均可完成生长、发育成熟过程,可作为消落区生态恢复的备选物种.其中,苏丹草可作为速生物种,能迅速恢复水位下降后消落区的植被覆盖率;复合群落在生长期间比单一种群提前5～10d完成对地表的覆盖,群落的稳定性、耐淤积性及抗干扰性较强,次年的萌发也更好,有利于构建稳定的生态系统;狗牙根、尼泊尔蓼和野地瓜藤根系生长良好,其中狗牙根在一个生长季内根系最长可达75cm, 有利于消落区控制水土流失;在自然水淹最深为15m,淹没时间6d的情况下,复合群落组植物、尼泊尔蓼、野地瓜藤、狗牙根和苏丹草的植物均能短期耐水淹和淤泥,水花生则是在水淹较深处能够生长良好;180d水下1.0～1.5m的连续淹水实验结果表明,狗牙根和野地瓜藤的耐淹性较强,经过长达半年的淹水过程能够成活,并在次年自然萌发;同时5～25m的深部淹水实验表明,随着深度增加,狗牙根的落叶率逐步提高,在180d的淹没后能够成活,并在次年自然萌发,可作为构建消落区生态系统的两栖植物物种.     

不同水分处理对狗牙根种内相互作用的影响

以狗牙根当年生扦插苗为试验材料,根据库区河岸带水分特征设置4种水分处理方式:水分对照组(CK)、水淹与干旱交替组(FD)、土壤水分饱和组(LF)和全淹组(FL),4种密度方式:对照(1株/盆)、低密度(2株/盆)、中密度(4株/盆)及高密度(12株/盆),探究狗牙根生长及形态响应,并验证胁迫梯度假说。结果表明:(1)狗牙根各生物量随水分胁迫强度的增加显著下降(P0.001);密度处理和二者交互作用显著影响狗牙根叶干重、茎干重、根干重、地上生物量和总生物量(P0.001)。(2)水分处理显著影响狗牙根各形态指标(P0.001);密度和二者交互作用显著影响狗牙根分枝数、总茎长和节间长(P0.001)。(3)CK组和LF组狗牙根生物量相对邻体效应(RNE)均为负值,表明其种内关系为竞争关系。FL组各密度组生物量RNE值均为正值,其种内关系转化为促进关系。(4)中高密度组总茎长RNE值随水分胁迫增加而增大。研究表明:(1)狗牙根对不同的水分胁迫均表现出积极响应,可考虑将狗牙根用于库区河岸带植被重建。(2)随种植密度的增大,狗牙根生长及形态均表现出一定的负面效应。(3)本试验在一定程度上支持胁迫梯度假说,但尚需更多概念模型将其改进完善。     

三峡库区消落带水淹结束后狗牙根的光合生理生态特性

淹水后植物在陆生环境合成和储存碳水化合物的能力及对水淹的耐受机理,是消落带植被恢复和重建中植物材料选择的重要理论依据。狗牙根为三峡库区消落带适生植物之一。本文按照海拔,将消落带分为深水淹没、浅水淹没和未淹3个区段,并分期测定各区段狗牙根的光合特性,研究三峡库区消落带水淹结束后狗牙根的光合生理生态特性。结果表明:(1)生长在深水(22~27 m)和浅水(2~7 m)淹没区段狗牙根的净光合速率显著高于未淹区段,且浅水淹没区段深水淹没区段未淹对照区段。(2)随着狗牙根在陆生环境中生活时间的延长,净光合速率、表观光能利用效率、表观CO2利用效率等增加,表明狗牙根在淹水后碳水化合物的合成能力增强。(3)深水淹没区段和浅水淹没区段狗牙根的最大光合速率、表观量子利用效率均高于未淹区段,而光补偿点显著降低,反映出在淹水后狗牙根对弱光的利用能力得以提高。(4)狗牙根的净光合速率受气孔因素和非气孔因素共同影响,淹水对狗牙根光合潜力的发挥具有一定的激发作用。淹水和干旱胁迫后积极的自我调节能力和光合补偿机制,可能是狗牙根适生于三峡库区消落带水陆变化生境的重要原因。     

Control of glycogen deposition

Traditionally, glycogen synthase (GS) has been considered to catalyze the key step of glycogen synthesis and to exercise most of the control over this metabolic pathway. However, recent advances have shown that other factors must be considered. Moreover, the control of glycogen deposition does not follow identical mechanisms in muscle and liver. Glucose must be phosphorylated to promote activation of GS. Glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) binds to GS, causing the allosteric activation of the enzyme probably through a conformational rearrangement that simultaneously converts it into a better substrate for protein phosphatases, which can then lead to the covalent activation of GS. The potency of Glc-6-P for activation of liver GS is determined by its source, since Glc-6-P arising from the catalytic action of glucokinase (GK) is much more effective in mediating the activation of the enzyme than the same metabolite produced by hexokinase I (HK I). As a result, hepatic glycogen deposition from glucose is subject to a system of control in which the 'controller', GS, is in turn controlled by GK. In contrast, in skeletal muscle, the control of glycogen synthesis is shared between glucose transport and GS. The characteristics of the two pairs of isoenzymes, liver GS/GK and muscle GS/HK I, and the relationships that they establish are tailored to suit specific metabolic roles of the tissues in which they are expressed. The key enzymes in glycogen metabolism change their intracellular localization in response to glucose. The changes in the intracellular distribution of liver GS and GK triggered by glucose correlate with stimulation of glycogen synthesis. The translocation of GS, which constitutes an additional mechanism of control, causes the orderly deposition of hepatic glycogen and probably represents a functional advantage in the metabolism of the polysaccharide.     

Xylem wall deposition

Summary Tritiated leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methyllabelled methionine, and cinnamic acid were used to study xylem wall deposition and lignin formation with radioautography. Leucine did not specifically label xylem thickenings; tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine were quite good precursors in this regard. Cinnamic acid was also readily taken up by the tissues and was very markedly concentrated in the xylem thickenings; the labelling of thickenings also occurred in empty tracheids. In developing xylem cells, labelling of the cytoplasm indicated that both the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies were associated with the wall incorporation. Vesicles probably derived from the Golgi bodies, were generally observed to aggregate in the cytoplasm near the bands of wall microtubules (even if secondary wall thickening had not commenced). Simple biochemical analyses showed that incorporation of cinnamic acid into amino acids and proteins was negligible, but some lignin oxidation products were heavily labelled. The results are related to the biochemistry of lignin synthesis, and confirm that cinnamic acid is a highly specific marker for some forms of wall synthesis.     

AC-electrophoretic deposition of glucose oxidase

The electrophoretic deposition of glucose oxidase from water using asymmetrical alternating voltages is investigated. Using asymmetric voltages, glucose oxidase layers with a thickness of 7 μm could be deposited on a platinum electrode in 20 min time as verified with a microbalance, carbon analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, if a symmetrical alternating signal is used under the same conditions, a layer of 0.5 μm is formed. We believe the deposition is due to two effects: the electrophoretic migration of the enzyme towards the deposition electrode and the pH induced precipitation of the enzyme near the deposition electrode. The electrophoretic migration is due to the non-linear dependence of the electrophoretic mobility on the electric field caused by the asymmetry of the applied alternating current signal. In addition, pH changes near the deposition electrode drive the enzyme towards its point of zero charge (PZC), perhaps causing the precipitation of GOx on the substrate. The effect of amplitude, frequency, deposition time and GOx concentration on the deposition rate was studied. An amplitude of 160 V_p–p and a frequency of 30 Hz was found to be optimal for the formation of thick enzyme layers, which excludes a big part of the interferences.     

Theoretical study of nasal deposition

A theory is derived to calculate the regional and total deposition of aerosol particles in the nasal passages during inhalation. The particle size studied range from 0.2 to 10.0 μm diameter. The deposition is calculated in five regions; (I) the region filled with nasal hair, (II) the nasal valve, (III) the expansion region, (IV) the turbinate region and (V) the posterior bend. Equations are derived to determine the deposition caused by direct impaction on the nasal hairs and bends of the passages. The calculations show the deposition due to direct impaction does not account for the amount or location of deposited particles measured in experiments. Secondary flows have been speculated to exist in the expansion region after the nasal valve and an equation is derived to estimate the deposition caused by the secondary flows. The calculated deposition, due to direct impaction and secondary flows, shows general agreement with the experiment as to the predicted amount and location of deposited particles.     

Callose deposition at plasmodesmata

Summary The transport of ions and metabolites through plasmodesmata has been thought to be controlled at the neck region where the cytoplasmic annulus is constricted and where callose has also been localised. In order to determine the possible structural and functional effects of callose, its deposition was inhibited through incubation of the plant tissue with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DDG) for 1 h prior to fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The inhibition of callose formation was monitored through aniline blue-induced fluorescence of callose. The neck region of the plasmodesmata fromAllium cepa L. roots treated with DDG exhibited a funnel-shaped configuration. This is in contrast to the plasmodesmata from tissue not incubated with DDG, which exhibited constricted necks similar to those previously reported. Both initial dissection and glutaraldehyde fixation induced neck constriction in plasmodesmata, however, dissection of tissue increased the frequency of constrictions. The inhibition of callose formation by chemical means showed that the neck constrictions and raised collars in this area are artefacts due to physical wounding and glutaraldehyde fixation. The external electron-dense material observed when tannic acid is included in the primary fixative appears to be unrelated to the deposition of callose at the neck region.Abbreviations DDG 2-deoxy-D-glucose     

Maximization of pulmonary hygroscopic aerosol deposition

A newly developed computer model is used to predict the aqueous salt solution concentration, breathing pattern, and inhaled droplet size distribution parameters that will maximize pulmonary deposition of hygroscopic medicinal aerosols. The parameter values providing maximum pulmonary deposition include 1) a NaCl concentration in the aerosolized solution of 0.035 g/ml or higher if the subject can tolerate it, 2) as nearly a monodispersed inhaled aerosol size distribution as possible, 3) an aerosol mass median diameter of 2-3 micron, and 4) slow (7 breaths/min) uninterrupted breathing of 1.5-2 liters of aerosol/breath. With these values, the model predicts that pulmonary deposition can be increased by greater than 100% relative to the deposition achieved in conventional inhalation therapy with isotonic saline-based medications.     

Transthyretin deposition promotes progression of osteoarthritis

Deposition of amyloid is a common aging‐associated phenomenon in several aging‐related diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, and aging is its major risk factor. Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic protein that is deposited in aging and OA‐affected human cartilage and promotes inflammatory and catabolic responses in cultured chondrocytes. Here, we investigated the role of TTR in vivo using transgenic mice overexpressing wild‐type human TTR (hTTR‐TG). Although TTR protein was detected in cartilage in hTTR‐TG mice, the TTR transgene was highly overexpressed in liver, but not in chondrocytes. OA was surgically induced by destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM) in hTTR‐TG mice, wild‐type mice of the same strain (WT), and mice lacking endogenous Ttr genes. In the DMM model, both cartilage and synovitis histological scores were significantly increased in hTTR‐TG mice. Further, spontaneous degradation and OA‐like changes in cartilage and synovium developed in 18‐month‐old hTTR mice. Expression of cartilage catabolic (Adamts4, Mmp13) and inflammatory genes (Nos2, Il6) was significantly elevated in cartilage from 6‐month‐old hTTR‐TG mice compared with WT mice as was the level of phospho‐NF‐κB p65. Intra‐articular injection of aggregated TTR in WT mice increased synovitis and significantly increased expression of inflammatory genes in synovium. These findings are the first to show that TTR deposition increases disease severity in the murine DMM and aging model of OA.