不同土壤水分条件下洪泛平原湿地芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉性状的关系北大核心CSCD

叶片厚度和叶脉性状的关联性影响着叶片水分的动态平衡,对揭示植物叶片水分运输与生长速率耦合的生理生态学机制具有重要的意义。该文选择位于张掖市黑河干流边缘的洪泛平原湿地作为实验地,以河边为起点,沿垂直河岸线的方向依次设置I(50.07%)、II(38.77%)、III(31.5%)、IV(20.4%)4个土壤含水量梯度样地,采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)方法,以叶脉密度和叶脉直径分别表示叶脉性状,研究了不同土壤水分条件下芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)种群的叶片厚度与叶脉性状的生长关系。结果表明:随着湿地群落土壤含水量的逐渐降低,湿地群落的植被密度和高度逐渐降低,土壤电导率逐渐增大;芨芨草的叶脉密度、叶片厚度、水分利用效率和光合有效辐射呈逐渐增加的趋势,叶脉直径、蒸腾速率和分枝数呈逐渐减小的趋势,净光合速率和株高呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着湿地群落土壤含水量的逐渐降低,芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉密度、叶脉直径的相关性在不同样地间存在差异;芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉密度呈显著的正相关关系,SMA的斜率呈逐渐减小的趋势,且在样地I和样地IV与1.0存在显著差异;叶片厚度与叶脉直径呈显著的负相关关系,SMA的斜率呈逐渐增大的趋势,且在样地I和样地IV与–1.0存在显著差异。芨芨草在土壤水分较充足的湿地群落倾向于少量粗脉的薄叶片构建方式,在受土壤水分胁迫时选择大量细脉的厚叶片的生长模式,体现了湿地植物在资源异质性分布的生境中根据其功能需求在自身性状之间进行的资源优化配置。     

叶脉网络功能性状及其生态学意义

叶脉网络结构是叶脉系统在叶片里的分布和排列样式。早期叶脉网络结构研究主要集中在其分类学意义上; 近年来叶脉网络功能性状及其在植物水分利用上的意义已成为植物生态学研究的热点。该文介绍了叶脉网络功能性状的指标体系(包括叶脉密度、叶脉直径、叶脉之间的距离、叶脉闭合度等), 综述了叶脉网络功能性状与叶脉系统功能(包括水分、养分和光合产物等物质运输、机械支撑和虫害防御等)的关系, 叶脉网络功能性状与叶片其他功能性状(包括比叶重、叶寿命、光合速率、叶片大小、气孔密度等)的协同变异和权衡关系, 以及叶脉网络功能性状随环境因子(包括水分、温度、光照等)的变化规律等方面的最新研究进展。此外, 叶脉网络功能性状的研究成果也被应用于古环境重建、城市交通规划、流域规划及全球变化研究中。由于叶脉网络功能性状是环境因子与系统发育共同作用的结果, 未来开展分子—叶片—植物—生态系统等多尺度的叶脉网络功能性状研究, 理清叶脉网络功能性状与气孔失水—茎干导水—根系吸水等植物水分利用的关系, 将为预测植物及生态系统对全球变化的响应提供新的启示。     

不同土壤水分条件下洪泛平原湿地芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉性状的关系

叶片厚度和叶脉性状的关联性影响着叶片水分的动态平衡,对揭示植物叶片水分运输与生长速率耦合的生理生态学机制具有重要的意义。该文选择位于张掖市黑河干流边缘的洪泛平原湿地作为实验地,以河边为起点,沿垂直河岸线的方向依次设置I(50.07%)、II(38.77%)、III(31.5%)、IV(20.4%)4个土壤含水量梯度样地,采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)方法,以叶脉密度和叶脉直径分别表示叶脉性状,研究了不同土壤水分条件下芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)种群的叶片厚度与叶脉性状的生长关系。结果表明:随着湿地群落土壤含水量的逐渐降低,湿地群落的植被密度和高度逐渐降低,土壤电导率逐渐增大;芨芨草的叶脉密度、叶片厚度、水分利用效率和光合有效辐射呈逐渐增加的趋势,叶脉直径、蒸腾速率和分枝数呈逐渐减小的趋势,净光合速率和株高呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着湿地群落土壤含水量的逐渐降低,芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉密度、叶脉直径的相关性在不同样地间存在差异;芨芨草叶片厚度与叶脉密度呈显著的正相关关系,SMA的斜率呈逐渐减小的趋势,且在样地I和样地IV与1.0存在显著差异;叶片厚度与叶脉直径呈显著的负相关关系,SMA的斜率呈逐渐增大的趋势,且在样地I和样地IV与–1.0存在显著差异。芨芨草在土壤水分较充足的湿地群落倾向于少量粗脉的薄叶片构建方式,在受土壤水分胁迫时选择大量细脉的厚叶片的生长模式,体现了湿地植物在资源异质性分布的生境中根据其功能需求在自身性状之间进行的资源优化配置。     

天童山阔叶木本植物叶片大小与叶脉密度及单位叶脉长度细胞壁干质量的关系

叶片大小是植物生态策略中的一个关键性状, 而叶脉是叶内主要的支撑和输导结构, 对叶片的生长发育具有重要的影响。该研究以天童山38种阔叶木本植物为研究对象, 以叶片面积、干质量和周长表征叶片大小, 采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)方法和系统发育独立比较(PIC)分析主脉密度、细脉密度和总叶脉密度, 以及各级叶脉单位长度的细胞壁干质量与叶片大小之间的关系, 拟从叶片内部结构和资源分配策略的角度探明叶片大小与叶脉结构之间的变化关系及生态学意义。研究结果显示: (1)叶片大小与主脉密度极显著负相关, 细脉密度以及总叶脉密度与叶片大小关系不显著, 表明叶片越小, 主脉密度越高, 而细脉密度与叶片大小无关; (2)单位主脉长度的细胞壁干质量与叶片大小极显著正相关, 单位细脉和总叶脉长度的细胞壁干质量与叶片大小的相关性均不显著, 表明随着叶片的增大, 单位主脉长度的细胞壁干质量显著增加, 而细脉的细胞壁干质量与叶片大小无关; (3)主脉密度与单位主脉长度的细胞壁干质量之间是斜率显著大于-1的负异速生长关系, 表明主脉密度随单位主脉长度的细胞壁干质量增加而显著下降, 两者之间存在权衡关系, 而单位细脉长度的细胞壁干质量与细脉密度关系不显著。上述结果表明, 与大叶片相比, 小叶中通常具有较高的主脉密度, 这不仅是叶片发育过程中叶形变化调控的结果, 也是单位叶脉长度的细胞壁干质量调控的结果, 单位叶脉长度的细胞壁干质量是导致叶片大小与主、细脉密度之间不同变化关系的直接因素。该研究结果为我们理解全球范围内叶片大小变化的生物地理分布模式以及植物对环境的适应策略提供了参考。     

张掖湿地芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径的权衡关系对3种生境的响应

植物叶脉性状间的协同进化影响生理活动中水分利用策略和叶片经济谱的形成,对理解叶片在叶脉建成中的碳投入和叶脉功能回报的经济权衡具有重要的意义。该文结合相关性和标准化主轴估计分析(SMA)方法,研究了张掖洪泛平原湿地乔-草群落冠盖区、过渡区和空旷区3种自然生境下芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)叶脉密度和叶脉直径的生长关系。结果表明:从湿地群落的冠盖区到空旷区,植物群落光合有效辐射(PAR)和水汽压亏缺(VPD)逐渐增加,土壤含水量(SM)逐渐减小、土壤电导率逐渐增大;芨芨草的叶片宽度(LW)、叶脉密度(1.28–1.59 mm·mm~(-2))和水分利用效率(WUE)呈逐渐增大的趋势,叶片长度(LL)和叶脉直径(0.21–0.16 mm)呈逐渐减小的趋势,叶性状的平均可塑性值为0.19,株丛密度(BD)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和净光合速率(P_n)呈先增大后减小的倒U形趋势;3种生境中芨芨草的WUE、PAR、T_r、P_n与叶脉密度和叶脉直径呈显著的相关关系;叶脉密度与叶脉直径呈不同程度的负相关关系,在冠盖区,芨芨草叶脉密度和叶脉直径呈极显著的负相关关系,在过渡区和空旷区,二者呈显著的负相关关系,从冠盖区到空旷区,SMA斜率逐渐增大(0.54–1.50),冠盖区和空旷区的SMA斜率与1.0存在显著差异。为适应光照环境条件的变化,芨芨草在空旷区具有大量细脉的叶脉网络性状,在冠盖区生长少量粗脉的细长型叶片,即在某一给定的叶片长度下,阴生环境中芨芨草叶片需要更大的叶脉直径来支撑,反映了湿地植物较强的表型可塑性机制。     

红树林植物叶片形态和解剖特征对叶肉导度、叶片导水率的影响

叶肉导度和叶片导水率是影响光合作用的两个重要过程,叶肉导度通过影响从气孔下腔到Rubisco酶位点的二氧化碳浓度梯度直接影响光合作用,而叶片导水率则通过影响水分供应或气孔行为来影响光合作用,然而对这两个生理过程之间的协同性研究较少。本研究选择9种红树林植物为研究对象,探讨盐生环境下植物叶肉导度和叶片导水率的协同性及其与叶片解剖结构特征之间的相关性。结果表明,9种红树林植物叶片导水率(0.78~5.83 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·MPa-1)、叶肉导度(0.06~0.36 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、最大光合速率(7.23~23.71μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))等特征的差别较大;叶肉导度与最大光合速率呈显著正相关,而与比叶重无显著相关性,其原因是由于比叶重与叶片厚度、叶片密度不存在相关性;叶脉密度与气孔密度呈较强的相关性,说明红树林植物叶片水分运输与散失相关的叶片结构之间存在协同关系;叶片导水率不受叶脉密度影响,并且与叶肉导度、最大光合速率也不存在相关性,这很可能与红树林植物叶片的肉质化、有发达的储水组织有关,体现了红树林植物叶片结构和功能的特殊性。     

冬小麦品种(系)旗叶叶脉性状及其与气孔性状间的关联性

植物叶脉结构决定着叶水分运输能力,而气孔特性则与水分散失有关,研究二者间的关联性对认识与植物水分利用有关的生理功能间关系及其调控有重要理论价值。本研究以冬小麦为例,系统研究了15个小麦品种(系)旗叶的叶脉性状及其与气孔性状间的关联性。结果表明:在小麦3种类型叶脉中,小纵向脉的密度占叶脉密度的65.8%;小纵向脉间距与大纵向脉间距及横向脉间距均呈显著正相关,大、小纵向脉密度与其间距呈极显著负相关;供试小麦品种(系)叶片上、下表面的气孔大小相差不大,但上表面气孔密度显著高于下表面,上、下表面的气孔长、气孔宽与气孔密度存在显著正相关,但气孔长与气孔密度之间存在显著负相关;3种类型叶脉中,大纵向脉与气孔特征间并无显著相关关系,而小纵向脉、横向脉和气孔特征间存在一定的相关性,小麦品种(系)叶脉密度与下表面气孔密度和总气孔密度呈显著正相关,但与上表面气孔长呈显著负相关,从而揭示了小麦品种(系)水分供给和需求存在协调性的结构基础。     

高粱、紫苏叶脉密度与光合特性的关系

叶脉是植物叶片光合作用水分输送的重要结构。为阐述叶脉与光合特性之间的关系,以C4植物高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、C3植物紫苏(Perilla frutescens)为实验材料研究了叶脉密度和光合特性之间的关系。结果表明,与紫苏相比,高粱叶片叶脉密度大,导水能力强,蒸腾速率高,但气孔密度小。进一步分析表明,高粱叶片近轴侧气孔密度占总气孔的比例明显高于紫苏。叶脉密度大的高粱具有较高的净光合速率;而紫苏叶脉密度小,净光合速率也较低。由此表明,较高的叶脉密度有利于支持较高的光合速率,但研究表明叶脉密度和气孔密度可能不存在严格的协同变异关系。研究结果对理解植物光合作用适应有重要意义。     

油茶叶片营养元素、叶脉密度及生理指标随树龄变化规律及其与产量的相关性

该研究关注了不同树龄油茶叶片的营养元素含量、叶脉密度及生理指标,旨在了解它们随树龄的变化规律及其对产量的影响。结果表明：(1)不同树龄间金属或稀土元素含量差异显著;大部分元素随树龄的增加表现为先增后减的变化趋势,但不同元素达到最大含量的树龄不尽相同;(2)叶脉呈网络状分布,根据叶脉直径大小分为粗、中、细三个等级;粗、中叶脉密度随树龄的变化不明显,细叶脉密度随树龄呈先增后减变化趋势。(3)叶绿素、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量以及POD活性等生理指标均随树龄的变化,表现出各自变化规律。(4)叶绿素含量、POD活性、稀土元素总量以及细叶脉密度与产量表现出明显正相关关系(P<0.05, P<0.01)。该研究结果丰富了油茶的基础资料,可为油茶的栽培与管理提供些许参考,并提示人们可以利用叶片的部分营养、生理、结构指标来跟踪监测植株状态和预测产量。     

闽楠叶形态与叶脉网络性状关系对城市生长环境的响应

植物叶形态与叶脉网络功能性状的协同变异与权衡关系,对深入理解植物叶脉网络功能性状对环境变异的生态适应,以及预测植物物种生活习性对城市化过程的响应具有重要意义。闽楠作为珍贵的常绿阔叶树种,正在城市绿化中逐步推广。针对不同生长环境中（行道与植物园混交林）的闽楠,开展了叶形态与叶脉网络功能性状关系对城市生长环境的响应研究。研究结果表明：闽楠叶性状值基本满足正态分布,各性状变异系数保持在10%-20%之间,群体内性状变异较为丰富,单因素方差分析表明两种环境对叶形态性状的影响比叶脉网络系统的影响更明显;两种生长环境下闽楠叶形态性状组与叶脉网络功能性状组都具有极显著相关性,行道和植物园混交林典型性相关系数分别为0.804和0.795,叶形态性状与叶脉直径呈显著正相关,形态性状、叶脉直径与初级脉密度呈显著负相关;闽楠在响应城市生长环境的过程中呈现出相应的经济权衡机制,行道环境中闽楠以较大的初级脉密度和较小叶面积来确保水分获取和光合之间的平衡,植物园闽楠则采用较低初级叶脉密度、较高叶面积和叶脉直径的叶形态和叶脉网络构建模式。在选择闽楠作为城市绿化树种时,可将叶片形态性状组与叶脉网络功能性状组的协同变化和权衡关系作为选种依据,以提高闽楠在城市环境中的成活率和适应性。     

Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits

Leaf functional traits are important because they reflect physiological functions, such as transpiration and carbon assimilation. In particular, morphological leaf traits have the potential to summarize plants strategies in terms of water use efficiency, growth pattern and nutrient use. The leaf economics spectrum (LES) is a recognized framework in functional plant ecology and reflects a gradient of increasing specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and cation content, and decreasing leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and carbon nitrogen ratio (CN). The LES describes different strategies ranging from that of short-lived leaves with high photosynthetic capacity per leaf mass to long-lived leaves with low mass-based carbon assimilation rates. However, traits that are not included in the LES might provide additional information on the species'' physiology, such as those related to stomatal control. Protocols are presented for a wide range of leaf functional traits, including traits of the LES, but also traits that are independent of the LES. In particular, a new method is introduced that relates the plants’ regulatory behavior in stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit. The resulting parameters of stomatal regulation can then be compared to the LES and other plant functional traits. The results show that functional leaf traits of the LES were also valid predictors for the parameters of stomatal regulation. For example, leaf carbon concentration was positively related to the vapor pressure deficit (vpd) at the point of inflection and the maximum of the conductance-vpd curve. However, traits that are not included in the LES added information in explaining parameters of stomatal control: the vpd at the point of inflection of the conductance-vpd curve was lower for species with higher stomatal density and higher stomatal index. Overall, stomata and vein traits were more powerful predictors for explaining stomatal regulation than traits used in the LES.     

Correlations between leaf structural traits and the densities of herbivorous insect guilds

The functional composition of herbivorous insect assemblages was correlated with aspects of new and mature leaf surface features, anatomy and morphology across 18 co‐occurring plant species. Multivariate analyses of insects and leaf traits revealed that the functional composition of the herbivore assemblage was more strongly correlated with leaf structural traits than with leaf constituents. Leaf traits were more strongly correlated with the functional composition of the herbivore assemblage than with its taxonomic composition. Densities of sessile phloem feeders, ­rostrum chewers, and all herbivores were significantly negatively correlated with specific leaf weight, lamina and cuticle thickness, vascular tissue depth and stomate length, and were significantly positively correlated with stomate density. External chewer densities were significantly negatively correlated with percent lignified vein area, and significantly positively correlated with leaf surface area and the distance between lignified tissues. Spine‐like leaves were associated with significantly lower densities of sessile phloem feeders, external chewers and all herbivores compared to kite leaves (kite leaves are comprised of unfortified leaf tissue supported by a framework of vascular tissue). The presence of a thickened leaf hypodermis was associated with significantly lower densities of external chewers and rostrum chewers, while midrib protection was associated with significantly lower densities of external chewers. Leaf structural traits may not be the proximal factors influencing herbivorous insects, as leaf structural traits are correlated with many other plant traits such as photosynthetic rate, relative growth rate and leaf life‐span. Nonetheless, these results indicate that certain leaf structural traits may potentially be used to predict the functional structure of herbivorous insect assemblages. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 77 , 43–65.     

环境和遗传对烟草叶片结构的影响

叶片性状很大程度上反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应。叶片性状的变异受环境及遗传特性的影响,但是很多研究未能很好区分出它们的相对影响。本研究通过将同一烟草品种种植于不同地点来认识环境对烟草叶片性状的影响;将不同的烟草品种种植于同一环境来了解遗传差异对烟草叶片性状的影响。研究发现,叶脉密度和叶片厚度受环境的影响较大,气孔密度和长度受环境的影响较小。气孔密度和叶片厚度受遗传的影响较大,叶脉密度和气孔长度受遗传的影响较小。在生长温度高的地方,烟草叶脉密度越大。研究结果对于认识植物对环境的适应性具有重要意义。     

Leaf hydraulic architecture correlates with regeneration irradiance in tropical rainforest trees

The leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)) is a major determinant of plant water transport capacity. Here, we measured K(leaf), and its basis in the resistances of leaf components, for fully illuminated leaves of five tree species that regenerate in deep shade, and five that regenerate in gaps or clearings, in Panamanian lowland tropical rainforest. We also determined coordination with stomatal characters and leaf mass per area. K(leaf) varied 10-fold across species, and was 3-fold higher in sun- than in shade-establishing species. On average, 12% of leaf hydraulic resistance (= 1/K(leaf)) was located in the petiole, 25% in the major veins, 25% in the minor veins, and 39% outside the xylem. Sun-establishing species had a higher proportion of leaf resistance in the xylem. Across species, component resistances correlated linearly with total leaf resistance. K(leaf) correlated tightly with indices of stomatal pore area, indicating a coordination of liquid- and vapor-phase conductances shifted relative to that of temperate woody species. Leaf hydraulic properties are integrally linked in the complex of traits that define differences in water use and carbon economy across habitats and vegetation zones.     

Leaf mechanics and herbivory defence: How tough tissue along the leaf body deters growing insect herbivores

Research on herbivory defence often focuses on leaf chemistry but less on how plant mechanical properties like leaf veins deter herbivores. Herbivores often eat tough, complex plant tissue, yet how mechanical properties affect feeding performance as the consumer grows is unclear. We measured the toughness and strength of five types of leaf tissue – the midrib, the secondary and marginal veins and the lamina inside (inner) and outside (outer) the marginal vein – in mature Eucalyptus viminalis and Eucalyptus ovata leaves with punch tests. Leaf veins were, on average, 6.2 times tougher than lamina. Marginal veins were uniformly strong and tough along the leaf body, while midribs were less strong and secondary veins less tough toward leaf tips. We correlated the force required to puncture leaf tissue with the feeding performance of a chewing insect herbivore (the spiny leaf insect, Extatosoma tiaratum (Phasmida)) across four instar stages to explore the role of tough leaf veins as potential feeding barriers. Larvae more often ate less tough leaf tips and tougher tissue as they grew. However, younger larvae were capable of penetrating the tough marginal vein when starved. We suggest tough leaf veins and consumer position along the leaf body influence insect herbivore feeding performance over their lifetime.     

Linking vein properties to leaf biomechanics across 58 woody species from a subtropical forest

• Leaf venations have elements with relatively lower elasticity than other leaf tissue components, which are thought to contribute to leaf biomechanics. A better mechanistic understanding of relationships between vein traits and leaf mechanical properties is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of leaf structural variations.
• We investigated 13 major (first to third order) and minor (>third order) vein traits, six leaf mechanical properties and other structural traits across 58 woody species from a subtropical forest to elucidate how vein traits contribute to leaf biomechanics.
• Across species, vein dry mass density (ρ_v), total vein dry mass per leaf area (VMA) and minor vein diameter (VD_min), but not the lower‐order vein density (VLA_1?2), were positively correlated with leaf force to punch (F_p) and force to tear (F_t). Structural equation models showed that ρ_v and VD_min not only contribute to leaf mechanical properties directly (direct pathway), but also had impacts on leaf biomechanics by influencing leaf thickness and leaf dry mass per area (indirect pathway).
• Our study demonstrated that vein dry mass density and minor vein diameter are the key vein properties for leaf biomechanics. We also suggest that the mechanical characteristics of venations are potential factors influencing leaf mechanical resistance, structure and leaf economics spectrum.

     

植物功能性状权衡关系的研究进展

植物功能性状权衡关系反映了植物在资源获取与分配中采取的不同策略, 是近年来生态学研究的一个热点问题。该综述从研究范围、叶性状、器官和植物类群4个方面入手, 简要介绍植物功能性状关系研究在近10余年是如何在叶经济谱(LES)的基础上逐渐扩展和深入的。1)相关研究拓展到全球更多极端环境与特殊气候地区, 发现在不同的气候环境条件下, 植物叶片功能性状关系相对稳定, 植物种内的功能性状关系已被证实与LES相似; 2)功能性状网络从最初的6个经济性状扩展到叶片的分解、燃烧和水力等性状, 发现叶片的分解速率和可燃性均与叶片形态性状、养分含量等显著相关, 但叶片水力性状与经济性状的关系则取决于所研究的物种及生存环境的水分条件; 3)研究对象从植物叶片拓展到了根、茎、花、种子及植株整体, 叶片的比叶质量与茎的木质密度、种子大小相耦合, 但叶片形态性状与根和花的相关性状却无显著相关关系, 证明这些器官可能是独立进化的; 4) LES可以很好地解释特殊维管植物的生存适应策略: 入侵植物具有较高的资源利用效率和更快的相对生长速率, 在LES中处于“低投入-快速回报”的一端; 食虫植物的叶片特化为捕食器官, 光合作用及生长速率相对较低, 居于LES “高投入-缓慢回报”的另一端, 此外, 无论是最古老的种子植物苏铁属(Cycas)植物, 或是蕨类和变水植物(苔藓和地衣), 其功能性状关系都与LES大致相同。该文梳理了功能性状关系研究的进展脉络, 提出了一些建议, 期望为未来植物功能性状关系研究的选题和发展提供一些参考。     

叶片结构的水力学特性对植物生理功能影响的研究进展

叶片是植物进行光合、呼吸、蒸腾作用的主要器官, 早期的研究主要集中于水分在叶片中的运输路径, 而对叶脉结构及其生态学意义研究甚少。近年来关于叶片叶脉结构、气孔结构的功能及叶片水力学特性的意义研究已经成为植物生理生态的研究热点。该文综述了叶脉的结构性状的指标(叶脉密度、直径、间距等), 叶片水力学结构特性对植物生长、水分运输、气体交换、光合作用等生理功能的影响, 及其与植物对干旱适应性之间的关系。叶脉结构是决定叶片生理功能的基础, 因此在未来的工作中应分析比较不同种类植物叶脉结构形态与导水、光合、呼吸、同化作用之间的关系, 建立植物茎干-枝-叶系统水力传导的机理性模型, 用以探索不同植物功能结构和高效用水生理生态学机制, 据此评估不同种类植物在未来气候情景下的地位。