越南苦苣苔科植物四新记录种

报道了4个苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物在越南的分布新记录,其中1种为半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea)的红苞半蒴苣苔(H.rubribracteata),2种为报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)的文采报春苣苔(P.wentsaii)和疏花报春苣苔(P.laxi flora),还有1种为吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus)的桂黔吊石苣苔(L.aesch ynanthoides)。文中列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布情况。     

中国苦苣苔科植物的多样性与地理分布（附表）

物种多样性编目是开展生物多样性保护的重要基础,该研究结合最新分子系统学研究成果以及近年来发表的新资料,对中国苦苣苔科植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析.结果表明:中国苦苣苔科植物共有44属671种(含种下单位,下同),其中特有属11个;特有种573种,占总种数的85.39%.种数最多的10个属依次为广义报春苣苔属(180种)、广义马铃苣苔属(122种)、石蝴蝶属(39种)、半蒴苣苔属(39种)、芒毛苣苔属(38种)、长蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(31种)、吊石苣苔属(31种)、蛛毛苣苔属(28种)、汉克苣苔属(22种).在地理分布上,种数排名前10的省份(区)有广西(260种,33属)、云南(236种,30属)、贵州(96种,28属)、广东(93种,17属)、四川(85种,21属)、湖南(58种,13属)、西藏(39种,9属)、湖北(29种,15属)、福建(26种,13属)、江西(25种,9属).含中国特有苦苣苔科植物的属中排前10位的分别为广义报春苣苔属(178种)、广义马铃苣苔属(119种)、石蝴蝶属(37种)、半蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(30种)、长蒴苣苔属(29种)、吊石苣苔属(23种)、蛛毛苣苔属(19种)、芒毛苣苔属(19种)、汉克苣苔属(11种).这表明中国南部和西南部是苦苣苔科植物的一个分布中心,特别是石灰岩地区有着高度的物种多样性和特有性,广义报春苣苔属、广义马铃苣苔属、石蝴蝶属、半蒴苣苔属、石山苣苔属、吊石苣苔属等为我国典型的优势属.此外,根据目前的研究现状,还对我国苦苣苔科植物资源的调查、分类学和系统发育研究、保护和可持续利用等进行了讨论.     

中国苦苣苔科植物的多样性与地理分布

物种多样性编目是开展生物多样性保护的重要基础,该研究结合最新分子系统学研究成果以及近年来发表的新资料,对中国苦苣苔科植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明:中国苦苣苔科植物共有44属671种(含种下单位,下同),其中特有属11个;特有种573种,占总种数的85.39%。种数最多的10个属依次为广义报春苣苔属(180种)、广义马铃苣苔属(122种)、石蝴蝶属(39种)、半蒴苣苔属(39种)、芒毛苣苔属(38种)、长蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(31种)、吊石苣苔属(31种)、蛛毛苣苔属(28种)、汉克苣苔属(22种)。在地理分布上,种数排名前10的省份(区)有广西(260种,33属)、云南(236种,30属)、贵州(96种,28属)、广东(93种,17属)、四川(85种,21属)、湖南(58种,13属)、西藏(39种,9属)、湖北(29种,15属)、福建(26种,13属)、江西(25种,9属)。含中国特有苦苣苔科植物的属中排前10位的分别为广义报春苣苔属(178种)、广义马铃苣苔属(119种)、石蝴蝶属(37种)、半蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(30种)、长蒴苣苔属(29种)、吊石苣苔属(23种)、蛛毛苣苔属(19种)、芒毛苣苔属(19种)、汉克苣苔属(11种)。这表明中国南部和西南部是苦苣苔科植物的一个分布中心,特别是石灰岩地区有着高度的物种多样性和特有性,广义报春苣苔属、广义马铃苣苔属、石蝴蝶属、半蒴苣苔属、石山苣苔属、吊石苣苔属等为我国典型的优势属。此外,根据目前的研究现状,还对我国苦苣苔科植物资源的调查、分类学和系统发育研究、保护和可持续利用等进行了讨论。     

云南十种苦苣苔科植物的染色体数目报道

首次报道了产于云南的苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae2族7属10种植物的染色体数目。其中,1）芒毛苣苔属Aeschynanthus 2种：显苞芒毛苣苔A.bracteatus的染色体数目为2n=32,黄杨叶芒毛苣苔A.buxifolius2个居群的染色体数目不同,金平居群为2n=32,可能为二倍体,屏边居群的染色体数目为2n=64,可能为四倍体。2）吊石苣苔属Lysionotus 1种：吊石苣苔L.pauciflorus为2n=32。3）珊瑚苣苔属Corallodiscus 1种：石胆草 C.flabellatus的染色体数目为2n=40。4）唇柱苣苔属Chirita3种：圆叶唇柱苣苔Ch.dielsii,大叶唇柱苣苔Ch.macrophylla和美丽唇柱苣苔Ch.speciosa的染色体数目均为2n=18。5）半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea 1种：贵州半蒴苣苔H.cavaleriei为2n=32。6）马铃苣苔属Oreocharis 1种：黄马铃苣苔O.aurea为2n=34;7）石蝴蝶属Petrocosmea1种：髯毛胡蝶P.barbata为2n=32。     

广西苦苣苔科植物花粉形态

对广西苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)8个属(1个特有属)11个种(8个特有种)的花粉形态进行了扫描电镜的观察。结果发现这些不同属种的花粉形状均为长球形或近球形,花粉形状对苦苣苔科的系统与分类没有多大的参考价值。但花粉外壁纹饰则有多种类型。其中,吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus)、金盏苣苔属(I sometrum)、长檐苣苔属(Dolicholoma)、紫花苣苔属(Loxostigma)、半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea)、圆唇苣苔属(Gy rocheilos)及唇柱苣苔属(Chirita)中的百寿唇柱苣苔(C.baishouensis)为网状纹饰;唇柱苣苔属(Chirita)的桂林唇柱苣苔(C.gueilinensis)和融安唇柱苣苔(C.ronganensis)为拟网状纹饰;异唇苣苔属(Allocheilos)为脑纹状纹饰。孢粉学特征表明,花粉外壁纹饰特征在苦苣苔科的分类与系统研究方面可能具有较大价值。     

金盏苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的第二次校订

金盏苣苔属(Isometrum Craib)属于苦苣苔亚科(Cyrtandroideae)长蒴苣苔族(Didymocarpcae),是由W.G.Craib 1919根据I.farreri Craib建立的,同年他又把Didissandra glandulosa Batalin置于该属,1960年B.L.Burtt又把Didi-sandra Clarke中的4个种(即:D.prumuliflora Batalim,D.giraldii Diels,D.fargesii Franch.和D.leucantha Diels)移入该属。作者在编写中国植物志苦苣苔     

陕西宁强县苦苣苔科野生植物资源调查及分析

目的：基于第四次全国中药资源普查项目，对陕西宁强县域内苦苣苔科野生资源进行详细的调查。方法：通过野外样方调查，结合线路调查和重点区域调查，采集标本、鉴定物种及查阅相关文献，对县域内苦苣苔科植物资源汇总分析。结果：宁强县域内分布的苦苣苔科野生资源有6属8种，分别为直瓣苣苔（Ancylostemon saxatilis）、旋蒴苣苔（Boea hygrometrica）、大花旋蒴苣苔（B. clarkeana）、珊瑚苣苔（Corallodiscus Batalin）、降龙草（Hemiboea subcapitata）、纤细半蒴苣苔（H. gracilis）、白花金盏苣苔（Isometrum farreri）和吊石苣苔（Lysionotus pauciflorus）。其中直瓣苣苔、纤细半蒴苣苔和白花苣苔偶见，吊石苣苔一般，大花旋蒴苣苔和珊瑚苣苔少有分布，降龙草相对较多。它们具有广泛的科研和生态价值、药用价值和园林园艺观赏价值。结论：宁强县苦苣苔科野生资源比较丰富，种类较多，但个别种类分布区域狭小，种群逐年减少。因此，建议加强资源保护，同时积极开展种苗繁育基础研究工作。     

苦苣苔科植物Lysionotus bijantiae的名实订正

通过查阅相关文献和标本,作者发现近期发表的苦苣苔科吊石苣苔属植物一新种——Lysionotus bijantiae D. Borah & A. Joe实为鉴定错误,应是汉克苣苔属的长圆叶汉克苣苔[Henckelia oblongifolia(Roxb.)D. J. Middleton & Mich. Möller] [原长圆叶唇柱苣苔Chirita oblongifolia(Roxb.)Sinclair]。Lysionotus bijantiae的模式标本采集于中国西藏东南部地区的喜马拉雅南坡,该地区苦苣苔植物多样性较为丰富。作者因其花具2枚发育雄蕊而将其归于吊石苣苔属,花萼分裂不达基部而与吊石苣苔属其他相关种类比较,而忽略了其种子先端不具附属物的特征。通过电镜扫描观察到,该种在墨脱境内居群以及其模式产地居群的种子均无附属物,从而证实了该种不是吊石苣苔属的物种,而是属于汉克苣苔属。因此,作者将Lysionotus bijantiae处理为Henckelia oblongifolia的新异名,同时提供了长圆叶汉克苣苔的彩色图片(含种子扫描图)、选定模式标本,并给出了吊石苣苔属和汉克苣苔属的区分方法和主要识别特征,不仅为这两个属的物种鉴定提供了参考,而且避免更多的物种分类混淆问题出现。     

中国苦苣苔科的研究(二)

作者自1979年承担了中国苦苣苔科志的编写任务以后,整理了唇柱苣苦属Chirita D.Don、长蒴苣苔属Didymocarpus Wall.等属的标本,在此过程中发现了不少新分类群,其中的小花苣苔属Chiritopsis W.T.Wang及圆唇苣苔属Ggrocheilos W.T.Wang已在本刊第3期发表,本文现在发表唇柱苣苔属的新种,并将该属在我国拥有丰富种类的唇柱苣苔组Sect. Gibbosaccus Clarke作出初步分类安排。     

广西半蒴苣苔属（苦苣苔科）一新种——红苞半蒴苣苔

报道了在广西发现的苦苣苔科半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea一新种,即红苞半蒴苣苔H. rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu。该新种叶形与贵州半蒴苣苔H. cavaleriei Lévl.相近,不同在于茎较粗且坚硬,总苞红色,萼片较长,花冠外面白色,无毛,下唇3裂至中部。     

ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATIONS IN THE SUBTRIBE PERITYLANAE (COMPOSITAE–HELENIEAE)

Artificial hybridizations were conducted with 37 species of four genera of the subtribe Peritylanae (Compositae). Crossability, pollen stainability, and meiotic behavior were examined for most of the resulting 61 F₁ hybrid combinations. Intergeneric hybrids involving Amauria, Eutetras, Pericome, and Perityle, and infrageneric hybrids involving Perityle were readily obtained. Lower crossability and hybrid fertility were displayed by intergeneric crosses. The infrageneric crosses of Perityle were organized into two categories, intersectional and infrasectional, based upon the taxonomic sections that are recognized for the genus; sect. Pappothrix, sect. Laphamia, and sect. Perityle. In general, the crossability and hybrid fertility of intersectional crosses was markedly higher than that of intergeneric crosses. The results suggest a closer relationship between the three taxonomic sections of Perityle than between Perityle and other genera of the subtribe.     

半蒴苣苔复合群的多样性、地理分布和物种界限

半蒴苣苔(Hemiboea subcapitata),为苦苣苔科半蒴苣苔属多年生草本植物。该种形态变异幅度大,曾包括多个变种; 分布范围广,在多种类型的生境基质上皆有分布。该研究的材料包括典型半蒴苣苔和与之近缘且曾被归为其变种的翅茎半蒴苣苔(H. pterocaulis),以及新发现的与两者形态上分别最相近的另两种变异类型,对其关键形态、微形态的多样性进行了描述和比较; 结合查阅标本、文献资料以及长期的野外追踪调查,统计分析了半蒴苣苔不同类型间的地理和生境分布; 通过DNA证据,初步重建各物种及变异类型间的系统发育和单倍型进化关系。结果表明:(1)通过茎、叶、花和开花物候等多性状组合能够区分半蒴苣苔复合群各类型。(2)半蒴苣苔复合群四类型间在叶表皮细胞形状和气孔分布等方面无区别,而在表皮毛的有无、复表皮层数、维管束数量和排布存上存在差别,或有助于分类。(3)典型半蒴苣苔广泛分布于我国中部至南部,向南延伸至越南北部,在石灰岩、丹霞等生境基质上皆有分布; 翅茎半蒴苣苔仅分布于广西桂林市小部分区域的喀斯特山石灰岩基质上; 另两种变异类型分布更为狭域,仅分布于桂林市永福县一个或相邻的数个喀斯特山石灰岩基质上。(4)DNA单倍型网络图分析表明,半蒴苣苔复合群四类型各自独享单倍型; 重建的分子系统发育关系表明,金钟山居群与翅茎半蒴苣苔聚为一支,两者亲缘关系最近但相互之间不成单系,金钟山居群是否为独立物种还需更多证据加以检验; 半蒴苣苔与永福半蒴苣苔两者间互为单系,支持两者为独立物种     

Primulina lutescens sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from southern Guangxi,China

Primulina lutescens B. Pan & H. S. Ma, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China, is illustrated and described. The new species morphologically resembles Primulina carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen & H. Z. Lü, but it differs in leaf, floral characteristics and flowering time. The conservation status of P. lutescens is asessed as ‘Endangered’ (EN) according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.     

Lysionotus fengshanensis Yan Liu & D. X. Nong sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi,China

Lysionotus fengshanensis Yan Liu & D. X. Nong, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Lysionotus fengshanensis is very similar to L. longipedunculatus (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang, but differs by the peduncle being 2–4 cm long and purple, corolla campanulate, 2.5–3.0 cm long, 1.5–1.7 cm in diameter at the mouth, filaments slightly geniculate near the middle, apex of filaments with gland and staminodes 3.     

Oreocharis duyunensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou,China

Oreocharis duyunensis Z.Y. Li, X.G. Xiang et Z.Y. Guo (Gesneriaceae), endemic to Guizhou, China, is described as a new species. The new species is easily distinguished from other Oreocharis species by having a white, stellate ring‐like disc. Morphologically, the species is similar to Oreocharis chienii (Chun) Mich. Möller & A. Weber but differs by its densely white pilose leaves, mixed brown‐pilose, pubescent and glandular‐pubescent peduncle and pedicle, white stellate ring‐like disc, and linear‐lanceolate capsule. Based on phylogenetic reconstruction and interspecific genetic distances of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL‐F regions, O. duyunensis is a new species with uncertain phylogenetic position.     

Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from North Vietnam

Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Vietnam is described. This species is similar to P. gemella and P. diffusa in having stolons and papillose-hispid leaves, but is easily distinguished from them by having 9–15 cymes and corollas with two brown stripes on the adaxial lip and nine purplish lines on the abaxial lip. Furthermore, Primulina elegans differs from P. gemmella by its broadly infundibuliform corollas with purplish glandular pubescent filaments, and from P. diffusa by having three slightly purplish glandular pubescent staminodes.     

The influence of temperature on chromosome elimination during embryo development in crosses involving Hordeum spp., wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)

Summary Several interspecific and intergeneric crosses involving five Hordeum species, Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale were carried out to investigate the influence of two contrasting temperatures on chromosome elimination during embryo development. In four of the interspecific Hordeum crosses, chromosome elimination was significantly increased at the higher of the two temperatures, resulting in greater proportions of haploid plant progenies. However, there was no significant effect of temperature in the other interspecific cross between H. lechleri x H. bulbosum nor in the two intergeneric crosses between H. vulgare x S. cereale and T. aestivum x H. bulbosum whose progeny were exclusively hybrid and haploid, respectively.