天津发现北长尾山雀

正2016年2月10日,笔者于天津古海岸与湿地国家级自然保护区七里海东海核心区(39°17′56″N,117°35′11″E,海拔6 m)观察到2只北长尾山雀(Aegithalos caudatus)活动于林下的灌草丛中(图1)。观察到的北长尾山雀头纯白色,背黑色,肩羽葡萄红色,尾上覆羽和尾羽黑色,外侧尾羽白色,下体白色,腹和两胁沾淡葡萄红色,尾下覆羽暗葡萄红色。同区域还记录到棕头鸦雀(Sinosuthora webbiana)、震旦鸦雀(Paradoxornis heudei)、苇鹀(Emberiza pallasi)等雀形目鸟类。     

云南鸟类新纪录——大滨鹬

<正>2015年5月7日,在云南省昆明市晋宁县滇池湖滨湿地(24°46'18.79″N,102°43'1.16″E,海拔1888 m)进行水禽调查时发现并拍摄到1只大滨鹬Calidris tenuirostris。经查阅有关文献(杨岚等,1995;杨晓君,2009),确认此鸟为云南省鸟类新纪录。该鸟体长约30 cm,头、颈和上背密布黑褐色和灰白色相间的条纹;腰和尾上覆羽白色;尾羽暗灰色。翅上覆羽灰褐色,羽缘白色;肩羽具栗红色和黑色杂斑;飞羽黑色,羽干白色。喉白色;胸部具黑褐色胸斑;下腹部白色,两胁具黑斑;翅下覆羽白     

云南昆明发现印度池鹭

正2015年5月25日,在云南省昆明市滇池草海湖滨湿地(25°0′49.05″N,102°38′47.47″E,海拔1 888 m)发现并拍摄到1只池鹭属(Ardeola)鸟类。该鸟体型大小与云南常见物种池鹭(A.bacchus,Chinese Pond Heron)相似,体长约45 cm;头和颈皮黄色,枕部具数枚白色带状长羽,悬垂于后颈;翕部被栗赤色发状蓑羽;下背、腰至尾上覆羽、尾羽及两翅白色;颊、颏、喉及前颈灰白色;胸皮黄色,被灰黄色矛状长羽;下体余部白色。虹膜     

云南省南涧发现短尾贼鸥

<正>2016年9月12日在云南省大理白族自治州南涧县城郊(25°02′N,100°31′E,海拔1 370 m)发现1只体弱鸟类,后送至无量山国家级自然保护区南涧管理局,恢复体力后被放飞。该鸟暗褐色,多杂斑;头顶浅棕黄色,有黑色纵纹;初级飞羽基部白色,翼上覆羽具棕色边缘;中央尾羽延长,尾羽基部显白色,尾上覆羽斑驳;嘴灰色,嘴尖黑色;脚黑色,有蹼。经查阅有关文献(约翰·马敬能等2000,尹琏等2008,刘小如等2010)确认该鸟为     

西藏亚东发现红腹咬鹃

正2019年4月8日,在西藏自治区日喀则市亚东县境内海拔2150m亚东河岸边的沟谷常绿阔叶林中(N27°18′37″,E89°00′27″)拍摄到1只咬鹃目(Trogoniformes)咬鹃科(Trogonidae)鸟类。此鸟前额两侧及眉纹为橙黄色,眼周蓝灰色,头至背部橄榄褐色,中央尾羽黑色,外侧尾羽具白斑,初级飞羽黑褐色具白色外缘,初级覆羽黑色,次级覆羽褐色有细碎的黑色斑纹,喉至胸部灰褐色,腹部柠檬黄色(封面及图1)。经鉴定,此鸟为红腹咬鹃(Harpactes wardi)的雌鸟。     

山东发现栗色黄鹂

1984年9月3日在山东烟台的庙岛群岛(北纬37°58′,东经120°36′),获栗色黄鹂台湾亚种(Oriolus traillii ardens)雄性幼鸟标本1只(模式标本存山东省长岛候鸟保护环志中心站)。体重98克;体长260毫米(下同),翼长152,尾长100,嘴峰27,跗蹠23。形态:头、颈黑褐色,头顶黑色较深;背为石板灰色,各羽具黑色羽干;腰为浅灰色;两翅为黑褐色,中覆羽的羽端淡棕色;腋羽灰黑色;尾上覆羽和中央一对尾羽栗褐色,其余外侧尾羽的外翈和内翈边缘亦为栗褐色,内翈羽干部为浅栗红色;下体自颏到腹白色,各羽具较粗的黑色羽干纹;尾下复羽淡栗红色;虹膜黄褐色;嘴为紫黑,…     

宁夏泾源发现灰翅鸫和黄臀鹎

正采用夜鹰HD-SG-009红外相机对宁夏泾源县六盘山国家级自然保护区的哺乳动物及地面活动的鸟类进行监测期间,于2018年6月10日在二龙河林场安放的红外相机(35°16′24.35″N,106°20′56.84″E,海拔2 535 m)拍摄到一种雀形目鸟类(图1a)。该鸟除翅和尾羽黑褐色外,其余全为橄榄褐色;嘴橘黄色,眼圈黄色,腿和爪暗肉色。2019年3月9日在六盘山国家级自然保护区(35°24′19.38″N,106°23′13.08″E,海拔1 782 m)拍摄到一种雀形目鸟类(图1b)。其额、头顶、枕、眼先、眼周均为黑色;耳羽灰褐或棕褐色,背、肩、腰至尾上覆羽土     

云南鸟类一新纪录——斑尾塍鹬

<正>2013年9月8日作者在云南省昆明市晋宁县昆阳镇(24°39'14.41″N,102°35'20.69″E,海拔1892 m)记录到一种中型涉禽。根据观察和查阅有关文献确定该鸟为斑尾塍鹬Limosa lapponica,为云南鸟类物种新纪录。观察该鸟体形大小较与其混群的青脚鹬Tringa nebularia(体长约33 cm)大,约40 cm;头、颈和胸灰色具模糊黑色细纹,顶棕色,眉纹白色显著,过眼纹黑色;上背、肩棕褐色,各羽略具白色羽缘;翅上覆羽灰褐色,各羽具宽阔白色羽缘;初级飞羽黑色,第一、二枚羽轴白色显著,初级覆羽黑色,飞行时尤显;腰白色,尾上覆羽白且杂横斑,尾具黑白相间横斑。腹、胁至尾下覆羽白色沾棕,     

云南省鸟类种的新纪录--花田鸡

20 0 3年10月15日2 0 :30至10月16日7:0 0 ,笔者在云南省巍山彝族回族自治县庙街镇隆庆关(2 5°17′4 5″N ,10 0°2 1′14″E ,海拔2 5 80m )进行夜间鸟类环志工作时,捕获一只秧鸡科鸟类标本。标本经鉴定确认为国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类花田鸡Porzanaexquisita (Cheng ,1987) ,系云南省鸟类种的新纪录。标本现保存于中国科学院昆明动物研究所鸟类标本室。所采获的花田鸡标本形态描述如下:额部褐色;头顶黑色;上体羽褐色,背、两肩具有显著的黑色纵纹及众多白色点斑;尾羽黑色。初级飞羽黑色,第一枚初级飞羽的外缘白色;次级飞羽羽端具宽而显著…     

云南盈江发现白翅栖鸭

正2019年4月22日,杜银磊等在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县那邦镇那邦村一水塘(24°42′58.40″N,97°34′08.70″E,海拔239 m)拍摄到一只鸭类(见封面)。该鸟通体棕褐色;头、颈褐色并杂有白色点斑,而不全为黑色,与疣鼻栖鸭(Cairina moschata)不同(Johnsgard 2010);颈部领环黑色,下体深色,与瘤鸭(Sarkidiornismelanotos)有别(Johnsgard2010);飞行时,可见翼上的白色覆羽与蓝紫色的翼镜形成鲜明反差),翼下的白色覆羽与黑色的飞羽形成鲜明对比(图1);     

Effects of some rare elements on nicotine content of the tobacco plant

Fifty-four rare elements were tested for their effects on the nicotine level of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants grown in solution culture. Be, Cu, Pd, Pt, and Sm definitely increased nicotine yield (over 25%), whereas Bi, Co, Ho, Pb, Ni, Rb, Ag, Tl, Sn, U. V. and Zr definitely decreased nicotine yield. Cs, Er, Li, Rh, Ru, Se, Sr, Ti, and Yb possibly increased (less than 25%) nicotine yield, whereas As, Ce, Cr, Dy, Gd, I, Mo, Nd, Re, Ta, and Th possibly decreased nicotine yield. Other elements including Al, Ge, Au, Hf, In, Ir, La, Lu, Hg, Os, Pr, Sc, Te, Tb, Tm, W, and Zn showed no significant effects.     

A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)

Based on recent molecular and morphological studies we present a modern worldwide phylogenetic classification of the ± 12074 grasses and place the 771 grass genera into 12 subfamilies (Anomochlooideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Micraioideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, and Pooideae), 6 supertribes (Andropogonodae, Arundinarodae, Bambusodae, Panicodae, Poodae, Triticodae), 51 tribes (Ampelodesmeae, Andropogoneae, Anomochloeae, Aristideae, Arundinarieae, Arundineae, Arundinelleae, Atractocarpeae, Bambuseae, Brachyelytreae, Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Brylkinieae, Centotheceae, Centropodieae, Chasmanthieae, Cynodonteae, Cyperochloeae, Danthonieae, Diarrheneae, Ehrharteae, Eragrostideae, Eriachneae, Guaduellieae, Gynerieae, Hubbardieae, Isachneae, Littledaleeae, Lygeeae, Meliceae, Micraireae, Molinieae, Nardeae, Olyreae, Oryzeae, Paniceae, Paspaleae, Phaenospermateae, Phareae, Phyllorachideae, Poeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Stipeae, Streptochaeteae, Streptogyneae, Thysanolaeneae, Triraphideae, Tristachyideae, Triticeae, Zeugiteae, and Zoysieae), and 80 subtribes (Aeluropodinae, Agrostidinae, Airinae, Ammochloinae, Andropogoninae, Anthephorinae, Anthistiriinae, Anthoxanthinae, Arthraxoninae, Arthropogoninae, Arthrostylidiinae, Arundinariinae, Aveninae, Bambusinae, Boivinellinae, Boutelouinae, Brizinae, Buergersiochloinae, Calothecinae, Cenchrinae, Chionachninae, Chusqueinae, Coicinae, Coleanthinae, Cotteinae, Cteniinae, Cynosurinae, Dactylidinae, Dichantheliinae, Dimeriinae, Duthieinae, Eleusininae, Eragrostidinae, Farragininae, Germainiinae, Gouiniinae, Guaduinae, Gymnopogoninae, Hickeliinae, Hilariinae, Holcinae, Hordeinae, Ischaeminae, Loliinae, Melinidinae, Melocanninae, Miliinae, Monanthochloinae, Muhlenbergiinae, Neurachninae, Olyrinae, Orcuttiinae, Oryzinae, Otachyriinae, Panicinae, Pappophorinae, Parapholiinae, Parianinae, Paspalinae, Perotidinae, Phalaridinae, Poinae, Racemobambosinae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Scleropogoninae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Sorghinae, Sporobolinae, Torreyochloinae, Traginae, Trichoneurinae, Triodiinae, Tripogoninae, Tripsacinae, Triticinae, Unioliinae, Zizaniinae, and Zoysiinae). In addition, we include a radial tree illustrating the hierarchical relationships among the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. We use the subfamilial name, Oryzoideae, over Ehrhartoideae because the latter was initially published as a misplaced rank, and we circumscribe Molinieae to include 13 Arundinoideae genera. The subtribe Calothecinae is newly described and the tribe Littledaleeae is new at that rank.     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods IV: extension of MNDO,AM1, and PM3 to more main group elements

The NDDO semiempirical methods MNDO, AM1, and PM3 have been extended to all the remaining non-radioactive elements of the main group, excluding the noble gases. Most of the new elements are of Groups I and II. 44 sets of parameters are presented for the following methods and elements. MNDO: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, and Bi; AM1: Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, and Bi; PM3: B, Na, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba. Average errors are presented for heats of formation, molecular geometries, etc.     

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2010 - 31 May 2010

This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii.     

Studies on the Thermal Destruction of Escherichia coli in Milk and Milk Products

Escherichia coli (ATCC no. 9637) was shown to have mean D values (slope of destruction rate curve) of 28.2, 5.1, 1.3, 0.00195, 0.00100, 0.00055, 0.00029, and 0.00016 min in milk at temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F, respectively. The mean D values for this organism in chocolate milk were 32.2, 10.4, 2.6, 0.00265, 0.00133, 0.00069, 0.00035, and 0.00028 min at respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. Mean D values of 34.4, 10.0, 3.5, 0.00093, 0.00080, 0.00068, 0.00043, and 0.00036 min were found in cream for respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. In ice cream mix the organism was found to have mean D values of 39.3, 15.2, 5.1, 0.00147, 0.00120, 0.00078, 0.00070, and 0.00053 min for temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 170, 172, 174, 176, and 178 F, respectively. The slopes of the thermal death time curves were found to be 10.2, 10.2, 10.0, and 10.3 F for this organism in milk, chocolate milk, 40% fat cream, and ice cream mix, respectively.     

Extreme climatic events in the Altai Republic according to dendrochronological data

The results of dating of extreme climatic events by damage to the anatomical structure and missing tree rings of the Siberian larch in the upper forest boundary of the Altai Republic are given. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the revealed dates over seven plots (Kokcy, Chind, Ak-ha, Jelo, Tute, Tara, and Sukor) allowed us to distinguish the extreme events on interregional (1700, 1783, 1788, 1812, 1814, 1884), regional (1724, 1775, 1784, 1835, 1840, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1869, 1871, 1910, 1917, 1927, 1938, 1958, 1961), and local (1702, 1736, 1751, 1785, 1842, 1843, 1874, 1885, 1886, 1919, 2007, and 2009) scales. It was shown that the events of an interregional scale correspond with the dates of major volcanic eruptions (Grimsvotn, Lakagigar, Etna, Awu, Tambora, Soufriere St. Vinsent, Mayon, and Krakatau volcanos) and extreme climatic events, crop failures, lean years, etc., registered in historical sources.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on 59 Trace-Element Contents in Human Rib Bone Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The effect of age and gender on 59 trace-element contents in rib bone of 80 apparently healthy 15–55-year-old women (n?=?38) and men (n?=?42) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction (milligrams per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, U, Yb, and Zn for both female and male taken together were: Ba 2.5?±?0.2, Bi 0.015?±?0.002, Cd 0.044?±?0.005, Ce 0.029?±?0.002, Cu 1.05?±?0.06, Dy 0.0020?±?0.0003, Er 0.0011?±?0.0002, Gd 0.0015?±?0.0001, La 0.020?±?0.002, Li 0.040?±?0.002, Mn 0.354?±?0.004, Mo 0.052?±?0.006, Nd 0.011?±?0.001, Pb 2.24?±?0.14, Pr 0.0032?±?0.0004, Rb 1.51?±?0.06, Sm 0.0014?±?0.0001, Sr 291?±?20, Tb 0.00041?±?0.00005, Tl 0.00050?±?0.00003, U 0.0013?±?0.0001, Yb 0.00072?±?0.00007, and Zn 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Ag, Al, B, Be, Br, Cr, Cs, Hg, Ho, Lu, Ni, Sb, Te, Th, Ti, Tm, and Y were: Ag?≤?0.011, Al?≤?7.2, B?≤?0.65, Be?≤?0.0032, Br?≤?3.9, Cr?≤?0.25, Cs?≤?0.0077, Hg?≤?0.018, Ho?≤?0.00053, Lu?≤?0.00024, Ni?≤?1.05, Sb?≤?0.0096, Te?≤?0.0057, Th?≤?0.0030, Ti?≤?2.8, Tm?≤?0.00006, and Y?≤?0.0047, respectively. In all bone samples, the contents of As, Au, Co, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, V, W, and Zr were under detection limits. The Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, and Yb contents increase with age. Higher Sr mass fraction is typical of female rib as compared to those in male bone.     

Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010-30 November 2010

This article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.     

Preparation of hair for measurement of elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

The preparation of hair for the determination of elements is a critical component of the analysis procedure. Open-beaker, closedvessel microwave, and flowthrough microwave digestion are methods that have been used for sample preparation and are discussed. A new digestion method for use with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed. The method uses 0.2 g of hair and 3 mL of concentrated nitric acid in an atmospheric pressurelow-temperature microwave digestion (APLTMD) system. This preparation method is useful in handling a large numbers of samples per day and may be adapted to hair sample weights ranging from 0.08 to 0.3 g. After digestion, samples are analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the concentration of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U. Benefits of the APLTMD include reduced contamination and sample handling, and increased precision, reliability, and sample throughput.     

低智儿童与正常儿童中氨基酸的比较研究

我们对 30例低智儿童血清中TAU ,SER ,GLU ,GLY ,ALA ,VAL ,CYS ,MET ,ILE ,LEU ,TYR ,PHE ,TRP ,HIS ,ORN ,LYS ,ARG ,PRO ,18种游离氨基酸进行了测定。研究结果显示 :患儿血清中 11种游离氨基酸降低分别为 :TAU ,SER ,VAL ,MET ,ILE ,LEU ,TRY ,PHE ,ORN ,LYS ,TRP .氨基酸的失衡 ,儿童的蛋白质合成就将会受到严重的影响 ,因此将导致大脑的分化 ,发育受阻 ,引起智力低下。