固定化微生物处理氨氮废水的研究进展

生物方法因其高效、持久及无二次污染已经成为治理水污染的重要方法,固定化微生物不仅加强微生物治理效果,更能保证微生物生存稳定,是现阶段生物方法治理水污染的主要组分.近年来学者们也做了很多固定化微生物处理各类废水的研究,并取得了大量优异成果.文章对固定化微生物技术进行剖析,分析各类固定化载体材料及各种固定化方法优缺点;解析...     

固定化微生物在生物膜式生化需氧量传感器中的应用现状

生化需氧量(Biochemical oxygen demand,BOD)微生物传感器是一种快速检测水样中有机污染物含量的设备,固定化微生物是其核心部件之一,对其稳定性、响应时间、使用寿命及实际应用范围等性能有着重要影响。生物膜式BOD传感器较其他类型的BOD微生物传感器具有结构简单、灵敏度高、响应时间短等优点,受到广泛的研究和应用。本文主要针对固定化微生物在生物膜式BOD传感器中的应用情况,概述较典型的微生物固定化方式的原理、特点及应用;总结几类应用较多或具有较好前景的载体材料,并讨论载体特性与传感器性能之间的关系;综述微生物在该领域的应用现状;简要介绍生物膜式BOD传感器的实际应用及商业化现状,比较其与另外几种BOD微生物传感器的优缺点;分析生物膜式BOD传感器中固定化微生物现存的一些问题及其发展趋势。     

天然生物质材料作为固定化载体的研究应用进展

微生物在实际应用中表现出巨大的功能潜力，但游离的微生物生产成本较高、作用效率较低、环境耐受性较差及可回收率较低，而固定化技术可以提高微生物上述性质且已在多个领域得到应用。固定化方法有多种，以吸附为基础的联合固定取得较显著成果，提高载体材料对微生物的吸附量及吸附力具有重要意义，开发高效、耐用、低廉的载体材料是微生物固定化技术得以推广应用的关键。综述了天然生物质材料固定微生物并用于环境治理的应用现状。对基于生物质材料的载体改性优化及菌丝球替代载体的相关研究进行了总结及展望，强调未来通过化学工程与基因工程相结合的策略调控微生物固定化应用效率。     

微生物固定化技术在水体修复中的研究进展

微生物固定化技术目前已被广泛应用于环境生态修复等领域，对此，文章围绕微生物固定化技术，基于前人的研究成果和目前微生物固定化技术的相关研究进展，及其在水体修复方面的应用展开了探讨，并提出了发展展望，期望能够为微生物固定化技术的发展应用提供有益参考。     

固定化微生物在废水处理中的研究及进展

微生物固定化是一种比一般生物处理法更为优越的方法,它具有处理效率高、稳定性强、耐负荷、产污泥量少等优点。作者对固定化技术方法以及不同载体的选择进行了介绍和对比,分析评价了国内外微生物固定化在废水控制中最新研究进展,并对其发展问题做了探讨。     

固定化微生物细胞技术在废水处理中的应用*

固定化微生物细胞技术是一门新兴的生物技术,中较为全面地介绍了其定义、分类及载体选择。该技术用于处理高浓度有机废水,含氨氮、难降解、重金属废水非常有效,在废水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

固定化酶载体研究进展

固定化酶技术的应用提高了酶的稳定性和重复使用性,为酶在工业上的大规模运用提供了条件,其中载体是固定化酶技术的关键环节之一,已成为固定化酶技术目前研究的热点。介绍了介孔材料、纳米材料、磁性材料、天然高分子材料在固定化酶领域的的优缺点、研究现状及其应用情况,综述了载体材料固定化酶研究过程中的分析表征手段,包括形貌分析、结构分析、元素分析、比表面积和孔径分析,并提出了固定化酶载体今后的研究方向,为固定化酶载体进一步的研究和合理利用提供参考。     

固定化丝状真菌细胞

丝状真菌是征税酶制剂,抗生素及甾体激素的重要微生物,随着固定化技术的发展,其细胞的固定比技术愈来愈受到重视。本文从固定化细胞的方法、载体及生物反应器等方面论述了国内外的现状。     

固定化酶和细胞中应用的新载体

自固定化技术兴起以来 ,其载体的研究就广受关注 ,也取得了不少成就 ,但在实际应用中还有许多问题需要解决 ,如使用寿命较短 ,操作半衰期不够长 ;载体价格较高 ,而且对底物和产物存在扩散阻力 ,所以许多学者仍一直在致力于新载体的研制和应用。固定化技术中所使用的载体可分为有机高分子载体、无机载体和复合载体[1] 。1　有机高分子载体材料1 1　天然高分子凝胶载体此类载体材料一般无毒性 ,传质性能好 ,但强度较低 ,在厌氧条件下易被微生物分解 ,寿命短。常见的有琼脂、海藻酸钠等 ,近来研究的比较热门的新载体是甲壳素和壳聚糖。1 1 1　…     

包埋法固定化微生物技术的载体选择

微生物技术具有处理效果理想、适用范围广泛、成本优势明显的优点。自20世纪70、80年代以来，微生物技术一直是水处理研究领域的热点，文章综述了固定化微生物载体材料的种类和特点以及琼脂、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇三种常用包埋载体的特点；最后对微生物固定化载体的发展方向进行了展望。     

镍污染对土壤微生物的生态效应

镍是高等植物和某些微生物必需的微量营养元素之一,在它们的生命活动中起着重要作用;但浓度较高时,也是一种极毒元素。大量的研究表明,镍污染土壤中微生物的生长、代谢、群落结构和种群多样性会受到不同程度的影响;微生物在长期受重金属威迫的环境中形成其适应性。利用微生物形成的这种适应机制,采用微生物技术治理重金属污染的土壤是可能的。本文还对镍污染土壤的微生物评价指标体系、土壤环境容量、微生物技术开发和综合治理技术开发等的进一步研究作了展望。     

In situ assessment of phytotechnologies for multicontaminated soil management

Due to human activities, large volumes of soils are contaminated with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and very often by metallic pollutants as well. Multipolluted soils are therefore a key concern for remediation. This work presents a long-term evaluation of the fate and environmental impact of the organic and metallic contaminants of an industrially polluted soil under natural and plant-assisted conditions. A field trial was followed for four years according to six treatments in four replicates: unplanted, planted with alfalfa with or without mycorrhizal inoculation, planted with Noccaea caerulescens, naturally colonized by indigenous plants, and thermally treated soil planted with alfalfa. Leaching water volumes and composition, PAH concentrations in soil and solutions, soil fauna and microbial diversity, soil and solution toxicity using standardized bioassays, plant biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, were monitored. Results showed that plant cover alone did not affect total contaminant concentrations in soil. However, it was most efficient in improving the contamination impact on the environment and in increasing the biological diversity. Leaching water quality remained an issue because of its high toxicity shown by micro-algae testing. In this matter, prior treatment of the soil by thermal desorption proved to be the only effective treatment.     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) in immobilized activated sludge biofilms during the treatment of weak wastewater

This work studied the formation of molecular nitrogen by the microbial population of immobilized activated sludge of the domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that employ the technology developed by ZAO ECOS Company. The technology includes physicochemical water pretreatment and treated water recycling. A hard flexible fibrous brush carrier is used for the immobilization of microorganisms. The presence of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and functioning of the methanogenic microbial community was shown in the biofilms developing on the carrier fibers and in suspended sludge. The high efficiency of nitrogen removal at a low C/N ratio was established to be due to the conjugated nitrification, denitrification, and anammox processes, whose functioning was demonstrated by laboratory cultivation methods and by studying the processes in batch and continuous reactors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (FISH) revealed bacteria belonging to the order Planctomycetales, particularly their anammox group. This work is the first evidence of the important role of the anammox process in the combined system of physicochemical and biological treatment of weak wastewater (BCDEAMOX).     

多环芳烃污染土壤微生物修复研究进展

多环芳烃是我国土壤环境质量标准中要求严格管控的一类持久性有机污染物,利用微生物技术修复有机污染土壤具有绿色、经济等突出特点,应用前景广泛。目前多学科的协同发展和新技术的研究应用,为多环芳烃土壤微生物转化机制与污染生态过程等方面带来了新的认识,同时对修复技术的实际应用与调控提供了新的思考方向。本文以多环芳烃污染土壤微生物修复为主体,从污染土壤微生物修复应用技术、多环芳烃微生物降解特征、土壤体系污染物归趋规律与微生物作用及土壤污染微生物群落响应与研究技术等方面进行综合评述,并针对现存应用技术瓶颈和理论空白作进一步思考和展望。     

重金属污染农田微生物修复机理研究进展

土壤重金属污染严重,而修复技术纷繁多样,物理化学修复技术应用较为常见,但存在一定程度的弊端。微生物修复技术因高效、经济、绿色受到环境学者的广泛关注。文章阐述了重金属污染的现状、微生物与重金属之间的作用机理,总结了植物与微生物之间的协同修复机制。为微生物修复技术在重金属污染土壤修复领域广泛应用提供参考。     

Molecular Characterization of Microbial Population Dynamics during Sildenafil Citrate Degradation

Little is known about pharmaceutical and personal care products pollutants (PPCPs), but there is a growing interest in how they might impact the environment and microbial communities. The widespread use of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) has attracted great attention because of the high usage rate, the unpredictable disposal and the unknown potential effects on wildlife and the environment. Until now information regarding the impact of Viagra on microbial community in water environment has not been reported. In this research, for the first time, the genetic profile of the microbial community, developing in a Viagra polluted water environment, was evaluated by means of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes, for bacteria and fungi, respectively, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separated using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The DGGE results revealed a complex microbial community structure with most of the population persisting throughout the experimental period. DNA sequences from bands observed in the different denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles exhibited the highest degree of identity to uncultured bacteria and fungi found previously mainly in polluted environmental and treating bioreactors. Biotransformation ability of sildenafil citrate by the microbial pool was studied and the capability of these microorganisms to detoxify a polluted water ecosystem was assessed. The bacterial and fungal population was able to degrade sildenafil citrate entirely. Additionally, assays conducted on Daphnia magna, algal growth inhibition assay and cell viability determination on HepG2 human cells showed that biotransformation products obtained from the bacterial growth was not toxic. The higher removal efficiency for sildenafil citrate and the lack of toxicity by the biotransformation products obtained showed that the microbial community identified here represented a composite population that might have biotechnological relevance to retrieve sildenafil citrate contaminated sites.     

稻田水氮氧环境因子对水稻生长发育、光合作用和氮利用的调控研究进展

水分和氮素是影响水稻生长发育的两个重要环境因子。适宜的水氮耦合模式可通过“以水调氮、以水控氧”调控稻田根际氮形态和溶氧量等环境因子,促进良好根系形态构建,提高叶片光合速率和光合产物“源-库”分配平衡,提高水稻群体质量和产量形成。同时,稻田水氮氧环境因子驱动的微生物调控机制在水稻-土壤系统氮高效利用方面也发挥重要作用。本文重点阐述了水氮耦合下水分、氮形态和溶氧量对水稻生长发育、光合作用、碳氮代谢、稻田氮转化过程及其微生物调控机制等方面的研究进展,展望并提出了未来亟待加强的研究方向:1)开展水氮耦合下水稻根际溶氧量时空动态分布特征及氧环境调控关键因子研究;2)明确不同基因型水稻根源信号增氧响应特征及其对水稻生长发育的影响调控机制;3)阐明根际氧环境驱动的关键微生物过程对稻田氮转化和氮素利用的影响。     

植物修复在抗生素污染治理中的应用研究进展

抗生素的环境污染问题日益严峻,如何对抗生素污染的水体和土壤进行有效的原位处理已然成为亟待解决的问题.植物修复是具有处理成本低、二次污染可控、易于后续处理、不破坏土壤和河流生态环境等优势的绿色、原位修复技术,已被证明是可用于抗生素污染治理的处理技术之一.因此,通过文献搜索和总结分析,作者们对植物修复在抗生素污染治理中的应...     

Numerical Simulation of Plant–microbial Remediation for Petroleum-polluted Soil

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the migration and transformation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) pollutants in soil. The mathematical model of the solute migration and plant–microbial remediation for PH polluted soil was established. The model was verified by field experimental data. Then, the software Hydrus-1D was employed to simulate the processes of diffusion, adsorption, desorption, microbial degradation, and plant adsorption of PHs in the soil–water system. The process of plant–microbial remediation for PH-contaminated soil was also simulated. The space-time change of PHs in soil was obtained, and the fate and remediation efficiency of PHs in soil were revealed in different remediation conditions. The results indicated that the Hydrus-1D model can adequately simulate the process of plant–microbial remediation. Plant–microbial remediation appears to be more efficient than the application of bacteria or Suaeda salsa. The majority of PH pollutants are degraded in the upper soil levels. For long-chain petro-alkane-contaminated soil, plant–microbial remediation is a more efficient method. A suitable moisture level in soil is important for improving the bioremediation effect of plant–microbial remediation technology.     

Immobilization of esterase SulE in cross-linked gelatin/chitosan and its application in remediating soils polluted with tribenuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl

The esterase SulE is known to be an important and primary enzyme for the degradation of many sulfonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, and chlorimuron-ethyl. The disadvantages of applying free enzyme include poor stability and rapid deactivation in the natural environment, but these problems can be mitigated by using immobilized enzymes. In this study, cross-linked gelatin/chitosan (GLT/CTS) was selected as the enzyme immobilization carrier because its SulE activity recovery was higher than those of γ-polyglutamate/gelatin (γ-PGA/GLT) and γ-polyglutamate/chitosan (γ-PGA/CTS). The immobilization conditions were further optimized, and the effects of pH and temperature on GLT/CTS-SulE and free SulE activities to degrade tribenuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl were investigated. A microcosm experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of GLT/CTS-SulE in remediating soils polluted with tribenuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl. The results showed that, compared with free SulE, GLT/CTS-SulE displayed better pH and temperature adaptabilities and higher degradation efficiencies for both herbicides in soil, especially tribenuron-methyl. The results indicate that this is an excellent method to immobilize SulE for enhanced remediation of soils polluted with tribenuron-methyl or metsulfuron-methyl in situ.