土壤水分对温室嫁接和非嫁接黄瓜生长与生理特性的影响

观测了黄瓜生长动态与生理特性对土壤水分状况的反应。结果表明,日光温室嫁接与未嫁接黄瓜分别在土壤相对含水量70％和80％时株高,叶面积和产量增长最快,土壤水分过高与过低均不利于黄瓜的生长;随土壤含水量降低;叶片光合速率,气孔导度,水势与根系活力的下降。     

不同水分处理对日光温室黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响

研究了不同土壤含水量对不同栽培茬口（冬春茬、秋冬茬）的日光温室黄瓜叶片的光合速率、气孔阻力、气孔结构特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明：随着土壤含水量的降低,单位黄瓜叶片面积气孔密度增加,气孔阻力上升,光合速率下降;叶绿体超微结构观察表明：土壤含水量的减少明显地降低叶片细胞的叶绿体数目及每个叶绿休内的淀粉粒数。不同茬口的黄瓜其上述特性变化规律相似。     

不同水分处理对日光温室黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响

研究了不同土壤含水量对不同栽培茬口 (冬春茬、秋冬茬 )的日光温室黄瓜叶片的光合速率、气孔阻力、气孔结构特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明 :随着土壤含水量的降低 ,单位黄瓜叶片面积气孔密度增加 ,气孔阻力上升 ,光合速率下降 ;叶绿体超微结构观察表明 :土壤含水量的减少明显地降低叶片细胞的叶绿体数目及每个叶绿休内的淀粉粒数。不同茬口的黄瓜其上述特性变化规律相似。     

日光温室连作黄瓜根区微生物区系及酶活性的变化

以日光温室黄瓜连作土壤为研究对象,研究不同连作年限根区土壤微生物数量、种类及酶活性的变化,并运用通径分析方法阐明其与土壤主要理化性状的关系,结果表时,土壤微生物数量、酶活性表现明显的温室连作将就;伴随连作年限的增加,土壤微生物总量、细菌、放线菌数均呈倒“马鞍”形变化,真菌数量则呈线性增长、微生物由“细菌型”向“真菌型”过渡,其中氨化细菌和尖孢镰刀菌分别为温室黄瓜连作土壤的优势细菌和真菌生理群;多数土壤酶活性的变化也呈现倒“马鞍”形,通径分析表明,佩量元素（Cu、Mn、Fe)、有机质、速效N、容重为温室连作土壤微生物区系及酶活性的主要影响因素。     

怀地黄脱毒种苗大田生长性状及产量品质

为研究怀地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)脱毒种苗大田生长、产量和品质状况,对大田中不同时期脱毒苗和非脱毒苗的形态指标、生理特性、光合特性、产量及品质等进行了测定。结果表明,脱毒苗的株高、冠幅、叶片数、最大叶面积、功能叶片的光合色素含量和净光合速率等各项指标均优于非脱毒苗,块根产量提高、品质改善,增产幅度在77.35%以上,药用成分梓醇含量提高了32.90%。     

营养基质对连作栽培下温室黄瓜生长及土壤微环境的影响

分别利用营养基质(稻草+田园土壤+膨化鸡粪)及土壤在同一温室内进行黄瓜的槽式连作栽培,研究其对黄瓜生长及土壤微环境的影响.结果表明:随着连作茬次的增加,两种栽培方式均出现了不同程度的连作效应.同一连作茬次间比较,营养基质的养分含量、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性、细菌/真菌均明显高于土壤,而真菌数量低于土壤,营养基质栽培改变了细菌种群结构,促进了黄瓜植株生长及产量提高.相关分析表明,连作栽培条件下土壤细菌数量与黄瓜株高、根干质量呈显著正相关,与地上部干质量及产量呈极显著正相关;土壤脲酶活性与产量呈极显著正相关.综上,与土壤栽培相比,营养基质栽培能够明显改善根区微环境,有效延缓连作障碍的发生.     

设施黄瓜连作土壤对黄瓜枯萎病菌致病力的影响

为系统研究设施蔬菜连作障碍的发生机制，探讨连作年限对蔬菜土传病害病原菌致病力的影响。本文以山东省德州市王杲铺镇看水庄村不同连作年限的设施黄瓜大棚中采集的土壤样品为研究对象，通过测定其土壤理化性质分析土壤次生盐渍化的程度，并用不同连作年限土壤进行盆栽实验，分析黄瓜植株的生长情况、发病情况及黄瓜枯萎病菌在黄瓜植株内和根际土壤中的定殖情况，研究不同连作年限土壤对黄瓜枯萎病菌致病力的影响。结果表明，所有土壤样品的pH均在8.0以上，呈碱性；土壤样品的全磷含量与pH变化趋势一致；连作8年土壤中黄瓜枯萎病菌在黄瓜植株茎部的定殖数量最多，黄瓜植株的病情指数和发病率最高，说明黄瓜枯萎病菌在黄瓜植株茎部定殖数量多少与黄瓜植株的病情指数和发病率高低的变化趋势一致。综上所述，本研究为设施蔬菜土壤土传病害的防控提供了理论依据。     

不同作物秸秆还田对设施黄瓜生长及光合特性的影响

以黄瓜品种‘津优4号’和经过1年腐熟的花生秸秆、玉米秸秆和稻壳为试验材料,研究不同作物秸秆还田对黄瓜生长、营养吸收及光合特性的影响。结果显示:（1）与对照相比,不同作物秸秆还田不仅显著增加了黄瓜植株的根系活力和叶片硝酸还原酶活性,而且提高了黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F^v/F^m）和实际光化学效率（Ф^PSⅡ）及光合速率,使得黄瓜叶片对光能的利用效率增加,净光合速率显著增强。（2）不同秸秆还田还促进了黄瓜的株高、茎粗、地上部和根系的干鲜重增加,显著提高了黄瓜产量。（3）玉米秸秆还田效果最好,其黄瓜产量（5 765.74 g·m^-2）较对照显著提高了43.8%,其次为花生秸秆还田,稻壳还田效果稍差。研究表明,秸秆还田促进了黄瓜植株根系吸收能力,显著增强了叶片的氮代谢、光能利用效率、净光合速率,从而促进了黄瓜植株的生长发育,提高了产量,并以玉米秸秆还田效果最佳。     

不同种植年限有机土基质的变化及其对温室黄瓜生长的影响

研究了不同种植年限有机土基质的理化性质变化及其对黄瓜生长的影响.结果表明：随着种植年限的增加,有机土栽培基质的理化性质变差,表现为容重增大、总孔隙度减小、土壤酸碱度降低、有效养分含量下降;有机土微生物区系中细菌、放线菌数量下降,真菌数量增多.随有机土种植年限的增加,黄瓜的生长受到一定影响,表现为株高、叶面积减小,光合功能衰退,黄瓜产量和品质下降,有必要对连续种植3年的有机土基质进行地力恢复.
     

日光温室土壤定时加温对黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响

采用定时土壤加温处理,研究日光温室内土壤温度变化对黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,日光温室在6:00—8:00时进行土壤加温,显著提高了土壤温度,尤其是在7:00—12:00,较高的土壤温度不仅降低了黄瓜幼苗叶片气孔限制值,增加气孔导度和细胞间CO2浓度,而且还显著提高黄瓜叶片ФPSII、Pn、AQY和CE,如在12:00,加温处理黄瓜幼苗叶片Pn和ФPSII分别比对照处理高62.3%、19.67%;而土壤温度变化对黄瓜幼苗叶片Fv/Fm影响不大;日光温室土壤加温显著促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,表现在黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重均明显增加,地上部鲜重比对照高113.8%。总之,日光温室内土壤定时加温通过提高土壤温度,增强了黄瓜幼苗叶片对CO2和光能利用能力,提高了黄瓜幼苗光合作用,进而促进黄瓜幼苗的生长。该结果可为低温季节设施黄瓜高产栽培提供理论依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.