对城市大型医院优质医疗资源下沉若干问题的思考

改革县级公立医院的运行机制,提升县级公立医院服务能力,发挥县级公立医院的区域基本医疗中心的作用,是体现公立医疗机构的公益性,解决基层群众就医需要的关键措施。文章结合我国医疗资源配置的区域失衡,通过对浙江省城市大型医院与县级公立医院通过托管等不同形式建立协作关系的情况和效果进行了总结,对城市大型医院优质医疗资源下沉到县区开展医疗服务的活动进行了评价和分析,并且进一步阐述了从根本上改变区域医疗资源失衡、完善医疗服务体系、促进医疗卫生事业健康发展的策略。     

试论大型公立医院内部资源配置的优化

当前我国大型公立医院内部资源配置模式存在的弊端主要表现为存在趋利性和粗放性,不适应外部政策导向和自身发展需求。优化内部资源配置是优化运行机制的基础,针对大型公立医院内部资源配置存在的问题结合其资源的特点,从创新发展战略、创新体制机制、加强知识资源管理和对资源科学利用方式探索等方面对优化大型公立医院内部资源配置的相关路径进行探讨并提出相关政策建议。     

城市区级医院管理创新与驱动的实践探索

公立医院面对日趋激烈的市场竞争,医疗服务质量要想得到进一步提高,就必须走创新管理的可持续发展道路。而创新医院管理,就是要逐渐从封闭型医院转变成为开放型医院,积极引入现代管理理念,探索建立现代医院管理机制和模式。文章从实施动态化资源管理、标准化质量管理、人性化服务管理三个方面介绍了城市区级医院管理创新驱动的实践。     

基于健康保障责任的县级医院综合改革思路探讨

从健康保障出发,县域的医疗保障需要由县医疗服务体系承担,其中,县医疗服务体系主要由公立医院组成。县政府是透过县医疗服务体系管理公立医院,由此确定相应的投入责任和管理体制。在医疗服务体系的管理下,外加医疗保险及新农合对医院医疗费用的管理,县级医院依据外部环境和条件构造内部管理体制。当前县级医院管理体制改革中存在两个关键问题：一个是农村基层医疗卫生机构（乡镇卫生院和村卫生室）对医疗服务体系和卫生服务体系的连体问;另一个是在经济上调整医患双方利益问题,解决这两个问题将有利于推进县公立医院综合改革。     

信息不对称下公立医院过度医疗的治理

过度医疗作为医疗实践中的不良现象,是引发医疗纠纷和“看病贵”的重要原因。文章从信息不对称的角度,通过分析我国公立医院过度医疗治理现状,找出当前我国公立医院过度医疗治理存在的问题,提出信息不对称下公立医院过度医疗的治理模式,以期从根本上遏制公立医院过度医疗问题的发生。     

地市级大型公立医院临床研究型发展模式可行性研究

地市级大型公立医院选择临床研究型发展模式是国家政策的引导、区域医疗的需求以及医疗市场竞争和医疗机构自身发展的需要。确立“临床研究型医院”战略、建设“临床研究型医院”管理体系、学科人才、创新平台和文化氛围是“临床研究型医院”的主要发展路径。同时,建设“临床研究型医院”必须妥善处理好临床医疗与科研教学、规模扩张与内涵提升、自主创新与引进吸收的关系。     

公立医院管理会计体系建设的意义与对策

我国已进入经济社会发展新常态,公立医院既要面对进一步深化医疗体制改革,实现医院公益性、福利性的任务,又要面对社会资本进入医疗领域带来的激烈的市场竞争,就要求公立医院必须建立公立医院管理会计体系。通过明确公立医院管理会计体系,阐述公立医院管理会计体系建设的意义,而后找出当前我国公立医院管理会计体系建设的中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应对策。     

研究型医院医疗质量管理探讨

分析了目前研究型医院医疗质量管理存在的三个主要问题,即管理人员素质专业化程度不高、管理现状严峻和管理手段落后,从构建专业化管理团队、优化业务流程、创新管理机制和实施信息化管理四个方面,就加强医疗质量建设进行了探讨。     

我国公立医院自下而上声誉测评机制探讨

目的 探索我国公立医院的声誉测评体系,最终为个人就医和宏观医疗改革提供参考。方法 从声誉理论出发,借鉴美国医院声誉评价成果,探索我国自下而上声誉评价体系。结果 我国公立医院有其特殊性,但基于不完全契约和医院治理委托代理的现实相同,声誉研究方法依旧契合。结论 基于公立医院公益性,综合医疗质量和医疗资源利用效率等构建评价体系。     

律师见证在医院管理实践中的法律探讨

律师见证已经被成熟应用于术前知情告知及医疗赔偿协议签署等重大医疗活动,为医院管理乃至公立医院改革提供了有效的法制保障。但从法律角度分析,律师医疗见证存在一些问题,尚需要加以改进。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。