等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体射频消融术治疗儿童鼾症的 短期疗效研究

目的:探讨等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术(Tonsillotomy,TT)联合腺样体射频消融术治疗儿童鼾症的短期临床疗效。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月于我院接受扁桃体和腺样体手术的鼾症患儿77例机分为实验组即扁桃体部分切除术组(TT组)和对照组即扁桃体全部切除术(Tonsillectomy,TE)组(TE组)。选用儿童OSA-18生活质量调查表对儿童鼾症患者术前1个月和术后6个月进行调查随访和评估比较两组临床疗效的差异。采用VAS量表计量两组患儿术后1-7天的吞咽疼痛情况。观察两组患儿术后出血、术后扁桃体发炎情况以及扁桃体增生情况。结果:TT组和TE组患儿术后6个月OSA-18量表的总评分及5个维度的总分较术前比较均下降差异均具有统计学意义(P值均等于0.000),但两组术后OSA-18量表的总评分比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.246)。TT组术后第1天至术后第7天的吞咽疼痛VAS评分均较TE组低差异均具有统计学意义(P值均小于0.01)。两组患者术后均无患儿出血、无扁桃体反复发炎以及扁桃体组织增生。结论:等离子刀扁桃体部分切除术联合腺样体射频消融术治疗儿童鼾症短期临床疗效明确术后吞咽疼痛程度轻微、疼痛时间短,短期内无扁桃体增生及反复扁桃体发炎,可作为治疗儿童鼾症的首选术式之一。     

手术治疗摩洛哥儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的临床研究

目的:观察鼻内镜下腺样体切除术或联合扁桃体切除术对摩洛哥儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的疗效,探讨儿童睡眠呼吸障碍治疗的手术适应症。方法:136例病例分成2组,治疗组85例睡眠呼吸障碍伴慢性扁桃体炎、或扁桃体Ⅲ°肥大的儿童,行鼻内镜下腺样体切除加扁桃体切除术;对照组51例睡眠呼吸障碍伴单纯扁桃体扁桃体Ⅱ°肥大的儿童,采用鼻内镜下腺样体切除,术后随访3个月。结果:治疗组总有效率为100%(85/85),对照组84.31%(43/51),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的Conners儿童行为量表评分较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:鼻内镜下腺样体切除术联合扁桃体切除术,明显改善患儿睡眠和呼吸,生活质量明显提高,是治疗摩洛哥儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的一线治疗方案。     

儿童扁桃体肥大与鼾症的护理

扁桃体肥大在儿童中比较常见,由此造成上呼吸道狭窄影响睡眠的问题,小儿鼾症即儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症(OSAS),已被临床所重视。近年来,我院共收治扁桃体炎及扁桃体肥大伴有鼾症者共8例,经手术治疗后取得较好疗效,现将护理体会总结如下。     

手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征临床疗效观察

目的:观察手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的手术治疗方法及临床效果,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取我院2010年2月~2013年1月期间收治的儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者56例做研究对象,对患儿的手术治疗方法及手术前后呼吸暂停指数、最低血氧饱和度及呼吸暂停低通气指数平均值进行记录和分析,比较其临床疗效情况。结果:三组患儿术后呼吸暂停指数、伴最低血氧饱和度、呼吸暂停低通气指数与术前比较,差异明显具有统计学意义,术后优于术前。中、重度鼻咽气道狭窄程度比较,术后较术前疗效显著,差异明显具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征手术后呼吸暂停指数、伴最低血氧饱和度、呼吸暂停低通气指数得到显著改善,是治疗最佳方案,建议推广应用。     

扁桃体术后镇痛研究进展

慢性扁桃体炎是耳鼻咽喉科常见疾病之一,扁桃体手术是耳鼻咽喉科的常见手术,术后的疼痛可影响病人的顺利康复。尤其在手术后24h内疼痛最为明显,疼痛严重者不敢进食、睡眠障碍,造成术后康复时间延长。调查资料显示,40％的病人术后疼痛剧烈。扁桃体术后镇痛已为临床医护人员所共识。现对扁桃体术后镇痛进展作一综述。     

舌骨肌切开悬吊术结合腭咽成形术治疗重度OSAHS

目的：应用联合应用舌骨肌切开悬吊术和腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征。方法：用多导睡眠监测确定52例重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,不同方法确定均为以舌根平面阻塞为主的上气道多平面狭窄。采用舌骨肌切开悬吊术联合腭咽成形术进行治疗。结果：所有接受手术的患者术后鼾声均有不同程度的减轻,手术总有效率94．2％。无1例出现不良并发症。结论：舌骨肌切开悬吊术安全、易行,结合腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征效果良好。     

扁桃体术后出血的预防及护理

扁桃体术后出血是常见的并发症 ,如不能及时发现和处理 ,可引起失血性休克 ,甚至危及患者生命。所以 ,对扁桃体手术病人一定要做好出血预防及护理。1　病例介绍　　患者 ,男 ,34岁 ,以扁桃体炎于 2 0 0 3年 5月1 6日收入院。该患者反复发作性咽痛 1年余 ,伴有发烧 ,经治疗后好转 ,但过后反复发作 ,近月来出现睡眠时打鼾 ,有时憋醒 ,双侧扁桃体 °肿大 ,咽部慢性充血 ,咽腔狭窄 ,软腭低。入院后 ,查三大常规均正常 ,在局麻下行扁桃体切除术 ,手术顺利 ,术中、术后出血较少。约 2 h后 ,突然发生口中吐血较多 ,立即予双扁桃体窝创面 3%双氧水…     

肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素分析

目的:分析肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素。方法:选取我院收治的肝内胆管结石患者117例,均采取肝部分切除术治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究术后并发症的发生情况,并对影响因素进行分析。结果:本组117例患者,并发症发生率35.04%,其中肝功能衰竭1例,胆道出血2例,消化道出血6例,腹腔感染6例,胆瘘6例,胸腔积液8例,切口感染12例。并发症组患者术前白蛋白、手术时间、既往胆道手术史水平与非并发症组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝部分切除术后的并发症多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间、既往胆道手术史均是术后并发症独立风险因素。结论:肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症发生率较高,以切口感染和胸腔积液为最,患者的既往手术史以及手术时间均是影响并发症发生的重要危险因素,做好针对性预防可预防并发症的发生。     

药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效评估

目的:对比分析药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床疗效。方法:应用随机数字表法将2015年2月至2017年11月经本院确诊的100例OSAHS患儿分为药物组、手术组,每组50例。药物组采用孟鲁司特钠治疗6个月,手术组行腺样体和扁桃体切除术。6个月后比较两组患儿多导睡眠图监(PSG)的监测结果和生活质量情况,比较两组疗效评定情况,记录手术组无效及并发症的原因。结果:6个月后,药物组、手术组患儿呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、微觉醒指数(MAI)和睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)较治疗前降低,且手术组患儿AHI低于药物(P0.05)。手术组患儿6个月后睡眠障碍、对监护人的影响、身体症状评分较治疗前降低,且低于药物组(P0.05),而药物组治疗前后OSA-18评分各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿总有效率为90.00%(45/50),高于药物组的50.00%(25/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿有出血现象的4例、伴舌后坠2例、上呼吸反复道感染6例和鼻炎5例,无效的5例患儿为伴有肥胖的重度OSAHS。结论:对于OSAHS患儿,药物干预和手术切除均可改善患儿PSG指标水平,但手术切除治疗可提高患儿生活质量和治疗有效率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄患者急性胆囊炎的临床观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄患者急性胆囊炎的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月．2011年12月我院收治的210例65岁以上因急性胆囊炎实施胆囊切除术的老年患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为腹腔镜组（LC组）和剖腹胆囊切除术组（OC组）,分析和比较两组患者的手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间及住院时间,术中出血、腹腔引流量和术后并发症的发生情况。结果：与OC组比较,LC组的手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间及住院时间均显著缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;但两组之间术中出血、腹腔引流量和术后并发症的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。LC组中转开腹10例,占7_35％;其中粘连严重导致胆囊三角解剖不清6例,无法控制的出血2例,结石嵌顿胆囊管2例。结论：老年急性胆囊炎患者在条件合适的情况下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗有助于患者更快地恢复．具有较强的临床应用价值。     

Tonsillectomy versus Tonsillotomy for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: A Meta Analysis

Objectives

Tonsillotomy has gained popular acceptance as an alternative to the traditional tonsillectomy in the management of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Many studies have evaluated the outcomes of the two techniques, but uncertainty remains with regard to the efficacy and complications of tonsillotomy versus a traditional tonsillectomy. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and complications of tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy, in terms of the short- and long-term results.

Methods

We collected data from electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The following inclusion criteria were applied: English language, children, and prospective studies that directly compared tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy in the management of sleep disordered breathing. Subgroup analysis was then performed.

Results

In total, 10 eligible studies with 1029 participants were included. Tonsillotomy was shown to be advantageous over tonsillectomy in short-term measures, such as a lower hemorrhage rate, shorter operation time, and faster pain relief. In long-term follow-up, there was no significant difference in resolution of upper-airway obstructive symptoms, the quality of life, or postoperative immune function between the tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy groups. The risk ratio of SDB recurrence was 3.33 (95% confidence interval = 1.62 6.82, P = 0.001), favoring tonsillectomy at an average follow-up of 31 months.

Conclusions

Tonsillotomy may be advantageous over tonsillectomy in the short term measures and there are no significant difference of resolving obstructive symptoms, quality of life and postoperative immune function. For the long run, the dominance of tonsillotomy may be less than tonsillectomy with regard to the rate of sleep-disordered breathing recurrence.     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与肥胖的相关性研究

目的:探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征(OSAHS)与肥胖的相关性。方法:收集单纯性肥胖儿童120例和体重正常儿童110例作为研究对象,进行统一的体格检查和专科检查,并进行多导睡眠监测记录阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、呼吸暂停/低通气指数(AHI)、中枢性呼吸暂停指数(CAI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSa O2)和睡眠效率。结果:肥胖组OSAHS患病率为58.33%显著高于对照组的31.82%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);OAI、AHI、CAI均显著高于对照组,而LSa O2、睡眠效率指标显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多因素回归分析显示,肥胖、扁桃体增生、腺样体增生是导致OSAHS的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:肥胖是儿童OSAHS发病的重要影响因素,特别是合并扁桃体肿大或腺样体肿大的患儿应注意预防OSAHS的发生。     

经鼻高流量氧疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨经鼻高流量氧疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年7月至2017年7月我院接诊的80例急阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者进行研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=35)。观察组采用经鼻高流量氧疗进行治疗,对照组采用无创正压通气进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、夜间呼吸暂停时间、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、总睡眠时间、醒觉时间、血氧饱和度、治疗前后血压、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)水平及生活质量评分的变化。结果:观察组患者治疗后有效率为88.89%,显著高于对照组(71.43%,P0.05)。治疗后,观察组夜间最低血氧饱和度、总睡眠时间、醒觉时间、生活质量评分均明显高于对照组,AHI、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、血清hs-CRP、LDL以及TC水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:经鼻高流量氧疗用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效明显优于无创正压通气进行治疗,其可显著改善患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量。     

Focus: Health Equity: Gender Issues in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea has historically been considered a male disease. Although most studies have shown male predominance, obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in women, increasing with age and varying with physiologic status among other factors. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with significant symptoms and health consequences in women yet remains underdiagnosed in women in part due to differences in presenting symptoms, differences in polysomnographic findings, and/or sociocultural factors. This review will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, focusing on sex and gender differences.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征临床监测分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床特征及评价疗效。方法:回顾分析70例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者PSG监测数据。结果:随着呼吸紊乱指数的增加,年龄、体重指数、最长呼吸暂停时间、最低SaO_2%、平均SaO_2%下降等指标在轻度与中、重度SAS之间差异显著;70例患者中伴有高血压52.9%、糖尿病5.7%、冠心病21.4%。结论:OSAS是一种具有潜在危险的疾痛,对OSAS早期诊断治疗是预防发生严重并发症的关键。     

A Surgical Treatment for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Snoring caused by oropharyngeal obstruction and some cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can be cured or considerably lessened by resecting redundant tissue from patients'' oropharynx and soft palate. Preoperative, and in some instances postoperative, sleep monitoring is a necessary part of evaluating these conditions.     

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Extremely Overweight Adolescents undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in extremely overweight adolescents and to examine the effect of significant weight loss on OSA severity. Research Methods and Procedures: We reviewed the anthropometric and polysomnographic data on all extremely overweight adolescents who underwent laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from July 2001 to September 2004. Repeat polysomnograms were performed after significant weight loss. Comparisons were made between pre‐ and postoperative polysomnographic data. Results: Nineteen of 34 patients (55%) who underwent bariatric surgery were diagnosed with OSA. Subsequent to surgery, 10 of these patients returned for follow‐up polysomnographic testing. After significant weight loss (mean, 58 kg), OSA severity markedly decreased in all patients (median apnea‐hypopnea index at baseline vs. after weight loss, 9.1 vs. 0.65). Discussion: Our study indicated that OSA was highly prevalent in extremely overweight adolescents meeting eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery. The significant weight loss after gastric bypass was associated with a marked reduction in OSA severity.     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与代谢综合征组分关系探讨

目的:探讨阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与代谢综合征(MS)组分关系。方法:对我院2003年1月至2010年7月39例诊断为OSAHS住院患者进行回顾性调查,30例同期住院病人为对照组,均记录年龄、性别,测量身高、体重、血压,检测空腹血糖、血脂,分析OSAHS患者合并MS组分情况。结果:1.OSAHS组与对照组比较,体重指数(BMI)、血压、血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A1升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低(P<0.05);2.OSAHS组与对照组相比较,无MS组分比例低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3.OSAHS组与对照组相比较,OSAHS组合并MS组分,包括BMI≥25Kg/m2,血脂紊乱的比例,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:OSAHS患者易合并代谢综合征组分。     

Intrapalatine resection (IPR) in the treatment of sleep apnea and snoring

A conservative surgical technique is proposed as an alternative to the classical uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring. The resection is strictly intrapalatine, and careful suturing in three planes seems to lead to complete disappearance of the often unbearable postoperative pain. The soft palate is shortened but nonetheless still resembles a normal soft palate. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was described by Ikematsu in 1952. This method has taken on a new lease of life in recent years. Its efficacy is generally accepted, and its use, especially in cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is the only treatment of the palatal velum at present practiced. In addition to aesthetic problems, this method generally gives rise to complications in the shape of temporary--but sometimes considerable--pain, nasal regurgitation, and a nasal voice. In a small percentage of patients, some of these disorders may prove irreversible. In my series of eight patients, five were obese and presented with hypertension. Three of them also were suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The three others were ordinary snorers who caused considerable inconvenience to sleeping partners.