CPAP联合肺表面活性物治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对患者血气指标的影响

目的:探讨CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)临床疗效及对血气指标的影响。方法:选择2014年8月至2018年8月本院收治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患者200例,将其随机分为2组,每组100例。A组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)联合肺表面活性物质治疗,B组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,分析和比较两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血气指标的变化。结果:治疗后,两组新生儿患者PaO_2均较治疗前均显著升高,PaCO_2较治疗前明显降低,且A组PaO_2显著高于B组(P0.05),PaCO_2显著低于B组(P0.05);A组住院时间显著短于B组(P0.05),临床总有效率显著高于B组(P0.05);两组新生儿患者的胸部X线评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),A组12 h和24 h胸部X线评分均显著性低于B组(P0.05);A组PEEP/cmH_2O水平显著低于B组(P0.05),Fi O_2水平显著高于B组(P0.05);两组生儿患者的的OI指数均较治疗前显著升高,且A组明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论:CPAP联合肺表面活性物质治疗NRDS的临床效果显著优于单用CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,且且可显著改善患儿血气指标。     

无创机械通气对AECOPD患者骨骼肌泛素-蛋白酶体表达的影响

目的:探讨无创机械通气(NIPPV)对慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者骨骼肌泛素-蛋白酶体的影响。方法:观察AECOPD患者13例,接受NIPPV为无创机械通气治疗组共7例,不接受NIPPV为无创机械通气对照组。监测治疗前及治疗后14 d血气分析、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MBp),治疗后14 d进行肌肉活检,RTPCR方法观察骨骼肌核糖体蛋白S21(RPS21)、泛素、泛素结合酶E2(E2-14K)、泛素连接酶E3(E3-RBX1)mRNA表达,采用Western印迹法测定骨骼肌线粒体顺乌头酸酶(ACO2)、蛋白酶体C3(C3)、核糖体蛋白SLC16(SLC16)蛋白的表达。结果:治疗14 d后,NIPPV组与对照组相比:Pa CO2、Pa O2及HR明显改善(P0.05);骨骼肌RPS21、泛素、E2及E3的mRNA表达明显减低(P0.05,P0.01),蛋白酶体C3、ACO2的蛋白表达显著增强(P0.01),SLC16蛋白表达明显下调(P0.01)。结论:NIPPV改善了AECOPD患者骨骼肌蛋白酶体途径及能量代谢紊乱。     

无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择

目的:探讨无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年8月我院收治的120例先行气管插管有创通气治疗的急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,病情得到控制后,按照拔管时间的长短分为A、B、C 3组,各40例,其中A组在进行自主呼吸30 min后拔管,B组在进行自主呼吸2 h后拔管,C组在进行自主呼吸24 h后拔管,拔管后全部患者均进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,比较3组患者治疗后血气分析结果、呼吸机相关肺炎发生率及脱机成功率。结果:13组患者无创正压通气治疗后的呼吸频率、心率、氧合指数、氧分压、二氧化碳分压及ph值均无明显差异(t1=1.402,t2=1.338,t1=0.738,t2=1.201,t1=0.969,t1=0.857,均P0.05);2A组患者的脱机成功率为7.50%,显著低于B组的77.50%与C组的82.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的再插管率为92.50%,显著高于B组的22.50%与C组的17.50%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的呼吸机相关肺炎发生率为45.00%,显著高于B组的12.50%与C组的10.00%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者在自主呼吸超过2 h后拔管,进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,可明显提高脱机成功率,降低再插管率和呼吸机相关肺炎发生率,值得临床推广。     

无创正压通气治疗影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的PCT、IL-17的变化

为了探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者经无创正压通气治疗后其体内PCT和IL-17的变化,本研究选择AECOPD患者(AECOPD组) 60例和健康体检者20例(对照组)作为研究对象,检测无创正压通气治疗前后的受试者血清降钙素原(PCT)和白细胞介素-17 (IL-17)变化,并分析血清PCT和IL-17水平与患者肺功能的相关性。研究结果显示,与治疗前比较,AECOPD组经无创正压通气治疗后的PCT和IL-17水平均显著降低(p0.05);AECOPD患者的PCT和IL-17水平均显著高于对照组(p0.05);与治疗前比较,AECOPD组经无创正压通气治疗后的FEV1%Pred、MMEF%Pred、FEV1/FVC%和V50%Pred均显著升高(p0.05);AECOPD患者的各项肺功能指标均显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清PCT和IL-17水平两者之间显著正相关(r=0.754, p=0.001);血清PCT和IL-17水平均与4项肺功能指标显著负相关(p0.05)。研究结论表明:慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的血清PCT和IL-17水平较健康体检者显著升高,患者经无创正压通气治疗后,PCT和IL-17水平较治疗前显著降低;PCT和IL-17水平与患者的肺功能和气流阻塞程度密切相关。     

尼可刹米与纳洛酮联合无创正压通气治疗AECOPD并发呼吸衰竭

目的:探讨尼可刹米与纳洛酮分别联合无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)并发呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:收取2014年1月至2015年12月间我院收治的AECOPD并发呼吸衰竭患者98例,随机分为两组。对照组给予尼可刹米联合无创正压通气治疗,观察组给予纳洛酮联合无创正压通气治疗。对两组患者临床疗效、生命体征、动脉血气以及临床结果进行考察与比较。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为95.92%,对照组总有效率为91.84%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者生命体征及动脉血气均无显著差异,治疗后两组各指标均有所改善,观察组改变幅度更加明显(P0.05)。两组患者平均住院时间、气管插管率及不良反应发生率相比均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:尼可刹米与纳洛酮分别联合无创正压通气治疗AECOPD并发呼吸衰竭疗效及安全性相当,但纳洛酮对于患者生命体征及动脉血气改善均有更好的作用。     

麻杏五子汤联合痰热清治疗肺心病急性加重期疗效

目的:探讨麻杏五子汤联合痰热清治疗肺心病急性加重期疗效。方法:回顾性分析150例CPHD急性加重期患者临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同分为A、B、C三组。A组单纯给予西医治疗,B组加用痰热清,C组在西医治疗基础上,给予麻杏五子汤联合痰热清治疗,比较三组患者治疗效果及对Pa CO2、Pa O2、PAMP水平的影响。结果:1治疗2周,A组、B组、C组治疗有效率分别为86%、91.49%、100%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2C组治疗后咳嗽、咯痰、气喘、肺部啰音评分优于A、B两组,B组优于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3治疗后Pa CO2、PAMP下降幅度、Pa O2上升幅度C组B组A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:麻杏五子汤联合痰热清治疗肺心病急性加重期疗效显著,可有效改善血气指标及肺动脉压。     

血必净联合乌司他丁治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床疗效

目的:探讨血必净联合乌司他丁治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效。方法:将2013年4月~2016年7月80例AECOPD患者随机分为三组,在常规治疗的基础上,A组(n=22)静滴血必净注射液50 m L,2次/d;B组(n=26)静滴乌司他丁注射液10 U,2次/d;C组(n=32)静滴血必净注射液50 m L与乌司他丁注射液10U,2次/d。比较三组治疗前后的临床症状评分、肺功能、血气分析、血清细胞因子及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,三组临床症状评分、Pa CO2、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),C组临床症状评分、Pa CO2、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于A、B组(P0.05),FEV1、FEV1/FVC、Pa O2、临床控制率均明显高于A、B组(P0.05),A、B组以上指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中,三组均未见明显的不良反应。结论:血必净联合乌司他丁治疗AECOPD可有效缓解临床症状,改善肺功能,抑制炎症因子,疗效优于单药治疗。     

经鼻间歇正压通气联合猪肺磷脂注射液治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效

目的:探讨经鼻间歇正压通气联合猪肺磷脂注射液治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床疗效及安全性的影响。方法:前瞻性研究于我院进行治疗的呼吸窘迫综合症患儿60例,根据电脑生成的随机数字表将所有患儿随机分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例,对照组患儿使用经鼻间歇正压通气进行治疗,实验组患儿在对照组的基础上联合猪肺磷脂注射液进行治疗。治疗结束后比较两组患儿动脉血氧分压(Pa O_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO_2)、氧合指数及血样饱和度(Sa O_2)水平的变化,统计并记录两组患儿并发症的发病情况,并对两组患儿的临床疗效进行评价。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患儿Pa CO_2水平均降低,Pa O_2、Sa O_2水平及氧合指数均升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患儿Pa CO_2水平较低,Pa O_2、Sa O_2水平及氧合指数较高(P0.05);且与对照组相比,实验组的并发症发病率较低,临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:经鼻间歇正压通气联合猪肺磷脂注射液治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征安全有效,值得在临床上推广应用。     

痰热清治疗对AECOPD患者症状、血气、肺功能指标及炎性因子水平的影响

目的:探究痰热清对慢性阻塞性肺疾病发作加重期(AECOPD)患者的症状、血气、肺功能指标及炎症反应的影响。方法:选择2017年10月至2018年10月在本院就诊的AECOPD患者共100例,将其随机分为A组(对照组)和B组(研究组),每组各50例。A组进行常规治疗,B组在A组治疗方案的基础上给予痰热清治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果、治疗前后血气指标、肺功能及血清炎症因子水平的变化。结果:治疗后,B组咳嗽、呼吸困难和啰音消失时间显著性短于A组(P0.05);两组血氧饱和度(SpO_2)均较治疗前显著上升(P0.05),动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素(PCT)水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且B组SpO_2显著高于A组(P0.05),PaCO_2及血清IL-1、CRP及PCT水平均显著低于A组(P0.05)。结论:痰热清辅助常规治疗可显著改善AECOPD患者临床症状,有效改善肺功能,减轻炎症反应。     

不同剂量甲泼尼龙治疗老年AECOPD的疗效及其对炎症因子水平的影响比较

目的:观察和比较不同剂量甲泼尼龙治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)的疗效及其对炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2014年1月到2017年1月收治的114例老年AECOPD患者,随机将患者分为A组、B组和C组各38例。A组采用甲泼尼龙40 mg/d静脉推注,B组采用甲泼尼龙80 mg/d静脉推注,C组不使用甲泼尼龙。对比三组患者的临床疗效以及治疗前后的改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸问卷(mMRC)评分、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、下去白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,A组的总有效率为89.47%,B组的总有效率为92.11%,均显著高于C组(均P0.05)。A组和B组治疗后的mMRC评分、PaCO_2水平均显著低于C组,而PaO_2水平显著高于C组(均P0.05);B组治疗后的m MRC评分、PaCO_2均显著低于A组,而PaO_2显著高于A组(均P0.05);A组和B组治疗后的血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α以及CRP水平均显著低于C组(均P0.05);B组治疗后的血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP水平均显著低于A组(均P0.05)。三组患者不良反应发生率的对比差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:与40 mg/d甲泼尼龙相比,短期80 mg/d甲泼尼龙静脉推注可更显著减轻AECOPD患者的炎症反应,提高临床疗效,同时具有良好的安全性。     

Intraocular Pressure Reduction Is Associated with Reduced Venous Pulsation Pressure

Purpose

To explore whether alterations in intraocular pressure (IOP) affect vein pulsation properties using ophthalmodynamometric measures of vein pulsation pressure.

Patients and Methods

Glaucoma patients had two retinal vein pulsation pressure (VPP) measurements from upper and lower hemiveins performed by ophthalmodynamometry at least 3 months apart. All subjects had VPP and IOP recorded at two visits, with standard automated perimetry, central corneal thickness (CCT) recorded at the initial visit. Where venous pulsation was spontaneous ophthalmodynamometry could not be performed and VPP was considered equal to IOP. Change in VPP was calculated and binarized with reduction in pressure scored 1 and no change or increase scored as 0. Data analysis used a mixed logistic regression model with change in VPP as response variable and change in IOP, visual field loss (mean deviation), CCT and time interval as explanatory variables.

Results

31 subjects (20 females) with mean age 60 years (sd 11) were examined with change in VPP being significantly associated with change in IOP (odds ratio 1.6/mmHg, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1 in the glaucoma patients but not suspect patients (p = 0.0005).

Conclusion

Change in VPP is strongly associated with change in IOP such that a reduced intraocular pressure is associated with a subsequent reduction in VPP. This indicates that reduced IOP alters some retinal vein properties however the nature and time course of these changes is not known.     

Measurement of the Respiration-Dependent Component of Intracellular Pressure with an Improved Pressure Probe

We have improved a previously described pressure probe in thefollowing respect to make it suitable for continous mesurementsof intracelluar presure (p)ⁱ in higher plant cells. (1)The oil/cell-sapboundary (meniscus) at the tip of the microcapillary was moniterdphoto-electrically with a high-resolution image sensor.(2) Adjustmentof the plunger and the insertion of the probe into the targetcell were performed with specilly desinged, hydraulic manipulatorsystem. These improvements allowed us to monitor the meniscusprecisely and to maintain the meniscus at a certain positionwithout mechanical perturbation. This system has been successfullyused to measure Pⁱ continuously for more than 3 h. With this pressure probe, the dependence on respiration of Pⁱin the elongation zone of Vigna hypocotyls, which was predictedby Katou and Furumoto (1986a, b), was demonstrated directly.Changes in Pi induced by osmotic stress were also measured quitesuccessfully. The respiration-dependent component of Pi was30–40 kPa. While this component appears to be very small,the change in Pi under anoxia caused shrinkage of the segmentof hypocotyl being examined. Regulation of P^u over a range ofseveral tens of kPa or so should, therefore, make a significantcontribution to the control of elongation growth. (Received April 9, 1990; Accepted June 25, 1990)     

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Decreases with Older Age

Purpose

Clinical studies implicate low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) or a high translaminar pressure difference in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). This study was performed to examine the effect of age, sex, race and body mass index (BMI) on CSFP.

Methods

Electronic medical records from all patients who had a lumbar puncture (LP) performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1996–2009 were reviewed. Information including age, sex, race, height and weight, ocular and medical diagnoses, intraocular pressure (IOP) and LP opening pressure was obtained. Patients using medications or with medical diagnoses known to affect CSFP, and those who underwent neurosurgical procedures or where more than one LP was performed were excluded from analysis.

Results

Electronic medical records of 33,922 patients with a history of having an LP during a 13-year period (1996–2009) were extracted. Of these, 12,118 patients met all entry criteria. Relative to mean CSFP at age group 20–49 (mean 11.5±2.8 mmHg), mean CSFP declined steadily after age 50, with percent reduction of 2.5% for the 50–54 age group (mean 11.2±2.7 mmHg, p<0.002) to 26.9% for the 90–95 group (mean 8.4±2.4 mmHg, p<0.001). Females had lower CSFP than males throughout all age groups. BMI was positively and independently associated with CSFP within all age groups.

Conclusion

There is a sustained and significant reduction of CSFP with age that begins in the 6^th decade. CSFP is consistently lower in females. BMI is positively and independently associated with CSFP in all age groups. The age where CSFP begins to decline coincides with the age where the prevalence of POAG increases. These data support the hypothesis that reduced CSFP may be a risk factor for POAG and may provide an explanation for the mechanism that underlies the age-related increase in the prevalence of POAG and NTG.     

Intra-Abdominal Pressure Correlates with Extracellular Water Content

Background

Secondary increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) may result from extra-abdominal pathology, such as massive fluid resuscitation, capillary leak or sepsis. All these conditions increase the extravascular water content. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between IAP and body water volume.

Material and Methods

Adult patients treated for sepsis or septic shock with acute kidney injury (AKI) and patients undergoing elective pharyngolaryngeal or orthopedic surgery were enrolled. IAP was measured in the urinary bladder. Total body water (TBW), extracellular water content (ECW) and volume excess (VE) were measured by whole body bioimpedance. Among critically ill patients, all parameters were analyzed over three consecutive days, and parameters were evaluated perioperatively in surgical patients.

Results

One hundred twenty patients were studied. Taken together, the correlations between IAP and VE, TBW, and ECW were measured at 408 time points. In all participants, IAP strongly correlated with ECW and VE. In critically ill patients, IAP correlated with ECW and VE. In surgical patients, IAP correlated with ECW and TBW. IAP strongly correlated with ECW and VE in the mixed population. IAP also correlated with VE in critically ill patients. ROC curve analysis showed that ECW and VE might be discriminative parameters of risk for increased IAP.

Conclusion

IAP strongly correlates with ECW.     

肥厚型心肌病患者静息脉压和运动诱导的血压异常之间的关系

目的:探讨肥厚型心肌病患者静息脉压和运动诱导的血压异常之间的关系。方法:根据Bruce方案,对70例2007年1月至2012年1月在我院治疗的肥厚型心肌病患者进行症状限制运动试验,监测患者的血液动力学指标,即分别在患者仰卧休息和运动结束后测量血压。结果:肥厚型心肌病患者中,运动后血压反应异常者与正常者相比,前者的静息脉压显著高于后者。表现出运动性非正常血压反应的肥厚型心肌病患者,静息脉压明显高于无运动性非正常血压反应患者(P=0.007)。根据二分类Logistic回归分析,控制年龄、性别、左室后壁厚度、室间隔厚度、左室流出道梗阻等混杂因素后,静息脉压可以有效预测肥厚型心肌病患者的运动性非正常血压反应(P=0.016)。结论:与传统的收缩压、舒张压以及平均动脉压相比,静息脉压可作为一个有效的辅助检测指标预防肥厚型心肌病患者心脏猝死的发生。     

Valuation of Normal Range of Ankle Systolic Blood Pressure in Subjects with Normal Arm Systolic Blood Pressure

Subject

This study aimed to establish a normal range for ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP).

Methods

A total of 948 subjects who had normal brachial SBP (90-139 mmHg) at investigation were enrolled. Supine BP of four limbs was simultaneously measured using four automatic BP measurement devices. The ankle-arm difference (An-a) on SBP of both sides was calculated. Two methods were used for establishing normal range of ankle SBP: the 99% method was decided on the 99% reference range of actual ankle BP, and the An-a method was the sum of An-a and the low or up limits of normal arm SBP (90–139mmHg).

Results

Whether in the right or left side, the ankle SBP was significantly higher than the arm SBP (right: 137.1±16.9 vs 119.7±11.4 mmHg, P<0.05). Based on the 99% method, the normal range of ankle SBP was 94~181 mmHg for the total population, 84~166 mmHg for the young (18–44 y), 107~176 mmHg for the middle-aged(45–59 y) and 113~179 mmHg for the elderly (≥60y) group. As the An-a on SBP was 13mmHg in the young group and 20mmHg in both middle-aged and elderly groups, the normal range of ankle SBP on the An-a method was 103–153 mmHg for young and 110–160 mmHg for middle-elderly subjects.

Conclusion

A primary reference for normal ankle SBP was suggested as 100-165 mmHg in the young and 110-170 mmHg in the middle-elderly subjects.