穿心莲体内血清指纹图谱建立

为了建立穿心莲药材含药血清指纹图谱,对大鼠血清进行一系列的考察,分辨给药后血中产生的药源性成分,从而分析其物质基础.本实验采用HPLC-DAD技术,筛选出穿心莲给药大鼠最佳取血时间,最佳血清处理方法以及最佳检测波长,建立穿心莲血清指纹图谱,初步分析其血中成分来源.通过筛选,确定血清药品制备方法为:给药后lh后,血清采用甲醇沉淀法,检测波长为275 nm.含药血清色谱图中有10个共有峰.本研究建立的方法,准确、可靠,可用于穿心莲血清指纹图谱的研究.     

丹参酮Ⅱ A与丹皮酚配伍对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用研究

研究丹参酮ⅡA与丹皮酚配伍(简称双丹配伍)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑梗死体积、自由基变化的影响,探讨双丹配伍对脑缺血损伤的保护作用.方法:复制大鼠中动脉缺血再灌注模型,分别给予双丹配伍干预,观察和评价受试动物行为学、脑梗死率、脑指数、脑含水量、SOD、MAD等指标的变化.结果:①双丹配伍的各试药组均具有明显改善局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经行为学评分,降低脑梗死率、脑指数、脑含水量、提高脑组织SOD活性、降低MDA含量;②双丹配伍各组中1∶3配伍组的总体药效作用优于1∶2和1∶4组,但数据未见统计学差异;③双丹配伍尾静脉注射的药效作用明显优于预先灌胃组.结论:双丹配伍脂质体给大鼠口服和注射对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有显著保护作用.     

丹参酮ⅡA与丹皮酚配伍对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用研究

目的：研究丹参酮ⅡA与丹皮酚配伍（简称双丹配伍）对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑梗死体积、自由基变化的影响,探讨双丹配伍对脑缺血损伤的保护作用。方法：复制大鼠中动脉缺血再灌注模型,分别给予双丹配伍干预,观察和评价受试动物行为学、脑梗死率、脑指数、脑含水量、SOD、MAD等指标的变化。结果：①双丹配伍的各试药组均具有明显改善局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经行为学评分,降低脑梗死率、脑指数、脑含水量、提高脑组织SOD活性、降低MDA含量;②双丹配伍各组中1：3配伍组的总体药效作用优于1：2和1：4组,但数据未见统计学差异;⑧双丹配伍尾静脉注射的药效作用明显优于预先灌胃组。结论：双丹配伍脂质体给大鼠口服和注射对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有显著保护作用。     

不同来源丹参药材酚酸类成分的分析研究

为比较不同来源的丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)药材的酚酸类成分,采用化学指纹图谱和定量分析的方法,对不同来源丹参药材中的酚酸类成分进行了系统分析。结果表明:产地、采收期、病害、根色、根的粗细以及药材部位等因素尽管对丹参酚酸类成分绝对含量的影响比较大,但对各成分相对含量的影响较小;不同来源丹参药材酚酸类成分指纹图谱相似性较高;8月份采收的药材,丹酚酸B含量较高;病害能够显著降低丹酚酸B的积累;与白根和褐色根相比,砖红色根中的丹酚酸B含量较高;根越粗,丹酚酸B含量也越高。这为丹参药材的品质评价和资源利用提供了依据。     

基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS的不同年限陈皮入血成分分析CSCD

本研究拟应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)技术对不同年限广陈皮进行入血成分鉴定研究。课题组采用UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS技术,以及Compound Discover 3.0软件进行分析,比较广陈皮提取液、给药血浆、空白血浆的图谱差异,将分子量、二级碎片信息、参考文献以及对照品信息进行结合,找出口服广陈皮药液后吸收入血的原型成分和代谢产物。结果显示2、4、8年广陈皮鉴定出成分分别为34、24和15个,2年广陈皮黄酮类入血成分含量高于4、8年广陈皮。UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS能快速、精确、全面地分析广陈皮给药后的血中移行成分,为后期广陈皮的药效物质基础规律研究提供参考,为陈久者良科学内涵的研究提供新思路。     

不同产地丹参药材HPLC指纹图谱分析及4种菲醌类成分含量的比较

对7个产地丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.)药材进行了HPLC分析并确定了其指纹图谱的共有模式谱,在此基础上比较了7个产地丹参药材中4种菲醌类成分(二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA)的相对含量。结果表明:来源于不同产地的丹参药材的HPLC图谱均有21个峰,其中有8个共有峰;各共有峰的相对保留时间基本相同,RSD值均小于0.086%;但相对峰面积差异明显。以4号峰(二氢丹参酮Ⅰ)为参照峰,初步构建了丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱的共有模式谱,7个产地丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱与共有模式谱的相似性良好,相似度值为0.916～0.973。不同产地丹参药材中4种菲醌类成分的相对含量有明显差异,其中,河南产药材中4种菲醌类成分含量均最高,而河北产药材中均最低;此外,不同产地丹参药材中4种成分的组成比例也有明显差异。根据实验结果,建议将丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱的共有模式谱作为丹参药材质量控制和真伪辨别的标准之一。     

中药XRD二阶导数指纹图谱的研究

以三种不同产地的丹参为研究对象,研究植物类中药XRD二阶导数指纹图谱方法学和植物类中药XRD二阶导数指纹图谱的特征。丹参XRD二阶导数指纹图谱具有峰位明确,峰型尖锐,特征性强的特点,不同产地丹参的差异性在二阶导数指纹图谱得以体现。通过相似度计算,三种丹参之间的相似度都小于0.8,可准确鉴定不同产地的丹参。结果表明:XRD二阶导数指纹图谱可用于植物类中药的XRD指纹图谱研究。     

藏药莪达夏提取物水部位化学成分及其大鼠血浆移行成分的质谱分析

本研究运用LC-MS技术分析藏药莪达夏水部位体外化学成分、给药后大鼠血浆和肝微粒体中的移行成分。采用Diamondsil C18色谱柱梯度洗脱进行分离,负离子模式下采集谱图。通过文献比对,综合分析总离子流图等信息,对莪达夏水部位的化学成分及其体内移行成分进行定性研究。共推断出莪达夏水部位中40个化学成分,其中包括24个黄酮类成分、2个酰胺类化合物、1个糖苷类化合物和13个其它类化合物;确定给药后血浆中发现了8个原型成分和4个代谢物。该研究能够为阐明藏药莪达夏的药效物质基础提供一定依据,也对进一步研究藏药莪达夏有重要意义。     

基于谱-效关系筛选菊茎叶总黄酮抗氧化物质基础及其机制探讨

为探讨菊茎叶总黄酮(total flavonoids from stems and leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium,TFCSL)抗氧化应激的活性成分,阐明其药效物质基础和作用机制。采用HPLC建立不同批次TFCSL指纹图谱;以高浓度葡萄糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞建立氧化损伤模型,将丙二醛含量、乳酸脱氢酶含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性作为药效指标;采用灰色关联度和偏最小二乘法分析其谱-效关系确定抗氧化药效物质基础;基于网络药理学结合分子对接探究核心靶点及作用通路。从12批次TFCSL指纹图谱中确定12个共有峰,指认其中9个化学成分;各批次总黄酮样品均可减少细胞凋亡、降低丙二醛及乳酸脱氢酶含量、提高超氧化物歧化酶活性;综合2种数学模型确定峰5(芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷)、峰6(异绿原酸C)、峰7(香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷)为抗氧化物质基础;筛选出的3个活性成分作用于抗氧化应激的33个靶点;关键靶点为TNF、CASP3、EDNRA、XDH、PTGS2、MMP2,主要涉及脂质和动脉粥样硬化信号通路、IL-17信号通路、糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE信...     

基于化学模式分析的前胡栽培群体质量特征研究

为研究前胡栽培群体质量特征。采用高效液相法(HPLC)建立前胡指纹图谱并测定白花前胡甲素、乙素含量;采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度系统结合聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交校正的偏最小二乘分析(OPLS)对指纹图谱进行化学模式分析。结果显示:前胡的双指标白花前胡甲素和白花前胡乙素的质量分数在0.46%～1.73%、0.076%～0.708%。建立了19批样品的HPLC指纹图谱,确定6个共有峰,其中识别白花前胡甲素和乙素为主要特征差异成分;18批单株样品的色谱相似度在0.600～0.999,HCA和PCA结果与相似度结果一致。生产中不同单株前胡植株类型内在质量存在较大的差异,群体质量特征表现非常丰富。单一植株表现为质量不合格,而大田混合样的检测质量符合药典要求;通过双指标成分与HCA、PCA和OPLS-DA等分析方法相结合可全面的评价前胡的栽培群体质量特征,同时对前胡药材的品质评价和良种选育提供理论基础。     

Liposomal drug delivery, a novel approach: PLARosomes

Almost from the time of their rediscovery in the 60's and the demonstration of their entrapment potential, liposomal vesicles have drawn attention of researchers as potential carriers of various bioactive molecules that could be used for therapeutic applications in humans and animals. Several commercial liposome-based drugs have already been discovered, registered and introduced with great success on the pharmaceutical market. However, further studies, focusing on the elaboration of more efficient and stable amphiphile-based vesicular (or non-viral) drug carriers are still under investigation. In this review we present the achievements of our group in this field. We have discovered that natural amphiphilic dihydroxyphenols and their semisynthetic derivatives are promising additives to liposomal lipid compositions. The presence of these compounds in lipid composition enhances liposomal drug encapsulation, reduces the amount of the lipid carrier necessary for efficient entrapment of anthracycline drugs by a factor of two, stabilizes liposomal formulation of the drug (both in suspension and in a lyophilized powder), does not influence liposomal fate in the blood circulation system and benefits from other biological activities of their resorcinolic lipid modifiers.     

The effect of different solvents and number of extraction steps on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) extracts

The objectives of this study were to determine best conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from fresh, frozen and lyophilized basil leaves. The acetone mixtures with the highest addition of acetic acid extracted most of the phenolic compounds when fresh and freeze-dried material have been used. The three times procedure was more effective than once shaking procedure in most of the extracts obtained from fresh basil leaves – unlike the extracts derived from frozen material. Surprisingly, there were not any significant differences in the content of phenolics between the two used procedures in the case of lyophilized basil leaves used for extraction. Additionally, the positive correlation between the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of the studied extracts has been noted. It is concluded that the acetone mixtures were more effective than the methanol ones for polyphenol extraction. The number of extraction steps in most of the cases was also a statistically significant factor affecting the yield of phenolic extraction as well as antioxidant potential of basil leaf extracts.     

Biophysical and biochemical characterization of active secondary metabolites from Aspergillus allahabadii

Fungal secondary metabolites are a diverse group of natural chemical products with physiological relevance. We aimed to identify bioactive secondary metabolites from Aspergillus allahabadii. We used “activity-guided fractionation” strategy for the isolation of secondary metabolites. Crude extracts showed good antibacterial activity. Two antibacterial secondary metabolites have been isolated from the crude extract. Chemical characterization of these compounds was performed using biophysical techniques (FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry). Structural characterization confirmed these to be pyrone derivatives: 3-hydroxy 2-methyl 4-pyrone and 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyrone. These bioactive pyrone derivatives have been identified as maltol and kojic acid. From our initial observations, we infer that these pyrone derivatives have potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and mosquito larvicidal activities and no cytotoxicity. These compounds could have potential therapeutic and biomedical applications, but further mechanistic studies using animal models are very much necessary.     

1,5-Biaryl pyrrole derivatives as EP1 receptor antagonists: Structure-activity relationships of 4- and 5-substituted benzoic acid derivatives

This paper details the SAR of 1,5-biaryl pyrrole derivatives with substituents in the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the benzoic acid group as EP1 receptor antagonists. Substitution at the 2-position was poorly tolerated, whereas only fluorine was tolerated at the 4-position. In contrast, a range of substituents at the 5-position were discovered which enhanced the in vitro affinity and led to compounds with promising oral exposure. Three derivatives showed efficacy in a preclinical model of inflammatory pain when dosed orally to rats.     

Novel bioactive natural products from bacteria via bioprospecting,genome mining and metabolic engineering

For over seven decades, bacteria served as a valuable source of bioactive natural products some of which were eventually developed into drugs to treat infections, cancer and immune system-related diseases. Traditionally, novel compounds produced by bacteria were discovered via conventional bioprospecting based on isolation of potential producers and screening their extracts in a variety of bioassays. Over time, most of the natural products identifiable by this approach were discovered, and the pipeline for new drugs based on bacterially produced metabolites started to run dry. This mini-review highlights recent developments in bacterial bioprospecting for novel compounds that are based on several out-of-the-box approaches, including the following: (i) targeting bacterial species previously unknown to produce any bioactive natural products, (ii) exploring non-traditional environmental niches and methods for isolation of bacteria and (iii) various types of ‘genome mining’ aimed at unravelling genetic potential of bacteria to produce secondary metabolites. All these approaches have already yielded a number of novel bioactive compounds and, if used wisely, will soon revitalize drug discovery pipeline based on bacterial natural products.     

Antimicrobial Peptides and their Potential as Oral Therapeutic Agents

Dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal diseases are the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases of mankind, together affecting almost the entire population of the world. Both diseases are caused by oral bacteria that exist as components of a polymicrobial biofilm, known as dental plaque, on the tooth surface. The control of specific types of bacteria and/or total numbers of bacteria in dental plaque could lead to prevention or resolution of disease. Antimicrobial peptides isolated from a wide range of natural sources have been known for over 30 years yet little progress had been made in the therapeutic application of these peptides. This is due in part to the characteristics, including susceptibility to proteolysis, of the cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptides that form the majority of peptides discovered to date. Bovine milk is a readily available source of a range of bioactive peptides. We have isolated and characterized a novel anionic antimicrobial peptide, Kappacin, from bovine milk. Antibacterial activity of the peptide is increased when it is complexed with zinc ions. We have demonstrated that a Kappacin:Zn²⁺ preparation is able to suppress the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria in a biofilm. The Kappacin:Zn²⁺ antibacterial complex may have potential as an additive to oral care products and other delivery vehicles for the control of oral disease.     

Baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether, a flavonoid derivative, stimulates fatty acid beta-oxidation in skin fibroblasts of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

The purpose of the present study is to identify bioactive compounds with potential for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) pharmacological therapy. Various plant natural products including flavonoids were tested for their ability to ameliorate the abnormality of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism in cultured skin-fibroblasts from X-ALD patients. Of the compounds tested, baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether (baicalein-tri-Me) was found to significantly stimulate the VLCFA beta-oxidation activity. Furthermore, the incorporation of [1-(14)C]lignoceric acid into cholesteryl esters was markedly reduced towards the normal level and the VLCFA (C24:0 and C26:0) content was decreased. These results make baicalein-tri-Me a candidate for the therapeutic compound for X-ALD.     

海绵生物活性物质及海绵细胞离体培养

介绍了来自海绵的生物活性物质种类、分布及其潜在的应用价值。讨论了其作为抗癌、抗病毒、抗细菌等药用的生物活性物质及其相关的海绵种属 ;强调海绵生物活性物质的商业化和临床应用所面临的“供给短缺问题”。作为解决这一问题的途径之一 ,海绵细胞离体培养是最有前景的技术。讨论了海绵细胞离体培养技术的研究现状 ,存在的问题及未来的发展趋势。对我国海域的海绵生物活性物质的研究开发现状进行总结 ,强调海绵研究对开发具有我国自主知识产权的新药、新化合物的必要性及重要性 ,并提出进行研发的可能优先领域     

Functional foods and strategies contrasting bacterial adhesion

Antibacterial strategies targeting bacterial adhesion to substrates are considered a valuable alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy, in view of the great advantage they bring in combating the infectious process at the very early stage without selecting for drug resistant cells. Amongst bioactive compounds with activity against bacterial adhesion, several are found in natural food and beverages, such as cranberry, tea, coffee, wine and milk. For the analysis of their anti-infective potential, successful experimental models can be conducted using different substrates from the oral cavity. Studies conducted so far in this field allowed the discovery of a variety of anti-adhesive fractions and compounds proven to be effective against bacterial traits involved in the development of oral pathologies such as caries and gingivitis/periodontitis. Discovering new anti-adhesive compounds from natural products, unravelling and testing their prophylactic and therapeutic values, and improving their use in the general population are promising new frontiers in the global fight against human infectious diseases.