循环miRNA 表达谱在肺癌早期诊断、判断预后和指导化疗中的应用

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种高保守,长度大概21-23个核苷酸,非蛋白编码RNA,起着调节基因表达的作用。近年来有关miRNA与肺癌的关系已经得到证实,并且成为当前研究的热点。miRNA能整体调节基因表达,这使得miRNA表达谱在作为生物信号方面比蛋白编码基因更具有提示作用。最近发现miRNA以被保护的状态存在于循环血液中,这使得miRNA表达的发现具有非侵袭性、重现性以及易检测性。研究显示血浆miRNA表达谱可作为肺癌生物信号分子,在肺癌早期诊断、判断预后和指导化疗药物应用等方面具有重要作用。本文将对血浆miRNA与肺癌的研究进展,以及在肺癌早期诊断、判断预后和指导化疗药物应用等方面作一综述。     

MicroRNA与肺癌发生、诊断及治疗

微小RNA(miRNAs)是一大类小的非编码RNA,它通过与靶mRNA 3′非翻译区部分互补配对来调节特定基因的表达。近来研究表明,miRNA可作为癌基因或抑癌基因在肺癌发生发展过程中起重要作用。比较癌组织和非癌组织中miRNA表达谱的差异可筛选出部分miRNA分子作为肺癌诊断和预后判断的潜在生物标记。调节具有致癌或抑癌功能的miRNA表达可能成为肺癌治疗新方法,而结合传统放化疗及其敏感性miRNA标志也为肺癌治疗研究提供了新的策略。该文对miRNA在肺癌发生与发展、基因诊断和治疗中的作用做一综述。     

微RNA在卵巢上皮性癌发生发展中作用及其临床意义

研究表明,miRNA参与了胚胎发育、损伤修复、糖尿病、心脏病等许多重要生理病理过程,特别是在恶性肿瘤的发生发展中发挥了重要作用,并具有潜在的临床意义。本文比较详细地叙述了有关miRNA的重要基础研究成果,并就miRNA在卵巢癌组织及细胞中的表达、miRNA在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用、miRNA与卵巢癌早期诊断、化疗耐药及预后判断等方面的最新研究成果进行了综述。     

微小RNA与宫颈癌

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在宫颈癌的发生、侵袭、转移和复发等过程中扮演重要角色,与其预后密切相关。它能在组织、血清和血浆等标本中稳定存在,可通过调控靶基因从而促进宫颈癌细胞凋亡,并能改变宫颈癌细胞对药物和射线的敏感性,这使得mi RNA有望成为一种与宫颈癌诊疗密切相关的新型分子标志物。就miRNA在宫颈癌的早期分子诊断、治疗以及预后判断等方面的最新研究进展作一综述。     

microRNAs在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用

microRNA（miRNA）在人类恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。近期研究表明,miRNA通过结合特定靶标参与调控肝细胞癌（hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC）的发生,可作为辅助生物标志物用于指导肝细胞癌的诊断和治疗,并为有效地监控和预防肝病提供了新途径。寻找miRNA靶标,阐明miRNA参与肝癌发生的调控机理,有利于肝癌的临床靶向基因治疗。通过总结miRNA在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用的研究进展,为寻找肝细胞癌早期诊断的生物标志物及介入治疗的靶点提供了参考。     

利用TCGA数据库构建肾透明细胞癌相关miRNA预后模型

利用TCGA数据库中肾透明细胞癌的miRNA与mRNA数据及临床信息,构建由miRNA组成的预后风险评分模型,并筛选与生存预后相关的miRNA-mRNA调控关系对,为研究提供理论依据。下载并整理TCGA[JP+1]数据库中肾透明细胞癌的miRNA与mRNA数据;对数据进行差异分析,将差异表达的miRNA与临床信息进行合并,利用单因素与多因素Cox回归分析,构建预后模型并进行模型评价;对模型中的miRNA进行靶基因预测,结果与差异表达的mRNA进行取交集,构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络;对网络中的mRNA进行生存分析,筛选生存相关的miRNA-mRNA调控关系对。共得到49个差异表达的miRNA与3 613个差异表达的mRNA;预后模型计算公式为:风险值(risk score)=hsa-miR-21-5p表达量×0.603＋hsa-miR-1251-5p表达量×-0.093;调控网络中共纳入31个miRNA-mRNA调控关系对;对mRNA进行生存分析,共得到7个有价值的关系对。所构建预后模型可有效预测肾透明细胞癌患者生存预后情况,筛选到的miRNA-mRNA调控关系对可为相关研究与治疗提供参考。     

miRNA表达谱与上皮性卵巢癌

Micro RNA(miRNA)是近年来研究发现的一种高度保守,长度大约19-25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,起着调控基因表达的作用。目前认为miRNA能调控细胞周期、凋亡、分化、发育和新陈代谢等,参与肿瘤的发生与发展,因此异常表达的miRNAs表达谱有可能成为一种全新的肿瘤分子标记物。相关研究表明,miRNA能够以一种被保护的状态存在于血清及血浆中,因此miRNA表达谱的发现具有易检测性、重现性以及非侵袭性。研究显示血清及血浆中miRNA表达谱可作为上皮性卵巢癌生物信号分子,在上皮性卵巢癌早期诊断、预后判断和化疗药物应用等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文将对miRNA表达谱与上皮性卵巢癌的关系进行一个简单总结。     

miRNA在肝细胞癌中的研究进展和展望

微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是一类长度为二十几个核苷酸的内源性非编码调控RNA,通过序列特异性翻译抑制或mRNA裂解来调控基因表达,参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学进程。近期的研究发现,miRNA具有癌基因和抑癌基因的作用,在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。已发现若干miRNA直接参与肝细胞癌的发生和发展,miRNA表达谱与肝细胞癌的诊断、分期、进展和预后等相关。作为一类新的分子靶标,miRNA应用于肝细胞癌的诊断和生物治疗具有广阔的前景。     

中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌中miRNA与mRNA表达谱的关联分析

目的构建中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌(OSCC)中差异表达的miRNA和mRNA表达谱,初步预测与OSCC发生发展相关的miRNA和mRNA。方法运用新一代高通量测序技术构建miRNA和mRNA表达谱,通过Gene Ontology功能富集和KEGG Pathway分析预测与OSCC发生发展相关的miRNA和mRNA。结果成功构建中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌中差异表达的miRNA和mRNA表达谱,共发现11个已知miRNA、3个新miRNA显著性差异表达和194个mRNA差异表达,且一个miRNA可调控多个mRNA,多个miRNA靶向调控某个mRNA。结论本实验OSCC中差异表达的miRNA通过调控mRNA形成复杂的调控网络,在口腔癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,为口腔癌的发生、发病机制,及临床治疗及预后判断提供理论依据。     

血清microRNA——一种非侵入性的肿瘤标志物

microRNA(miRNA)是一类自然形成的非编码小RNA,不少miRNA分子已被证实与癌症的生成有关联。近期的研究发现人血清中稳定存在一定水平的miRNA,并且血清miRNA表达谱的变化与多种肿瘤的发生、发展具有明确的相关性,说明血清miRNA可以作为肿瘤临床诊断和预后评估的分子标志物。因此,特定的血清miRNA表达谱可以构成识别癌症与其他疾病的"指纹",为癌症及其他疾病的诊断提供一种新的非侵入性的检测方法,同时,该技术还可用于肿瘤分类、预后判断、手术疗效监测及疾病复发预测等领域,并可能带来未来临床医学上的变革。     

骨髓增生异常综合征中相关微小RNA的研究进展

骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)是一组异质性后天性克隆性恶性疾病,其基本临床特征是骨髓中造血细胞有发育异常的形态学表现和外周血中三系血细胞减少,以及转变为急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)的危险性很高。其鉴别诊断、评估预后对治疗决策有重要意义。近年来认为表观遗传途径参与了MDS病因和发病机制。尤其微小RNA(miRNA)在MDS的发生、发展及疾病转归中起了重要作用。本文通过miRNA的临床可监测性、与血液疾病的联系这两个方面阐述了相关miRNA研究的意义和地位;重点对MDS的诊断和临床进展中可能发挥重要作用的miRNA以及5q-综合征中miR145和miR146a等表达具有特殊性的miRNA进行了综述。以期能够在此基础上进行更深入的研究探索,使miRNA在骨髓异常增生综合征的临床诊疗中发挥更大的潜力。     

Inhibition of PRL-3 gene expression in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 via microRNA suppressed reduces peritoneal metastasis

High expression of PRL-3, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, is proved to be associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma from previous studies. In this paper, we examined the relationship between PRL-3 expression and peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. We applied the artificial miRNA (pCMV-PRL3miRNA), which is based on the murine miR-155 sequence, to efficiently silence the target gene expression of PRL-3 in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Then we observed that, in vitro, pCMV-PRL3miRNA significantly depressed the SGC7901 cell invasion and migration independent of cellular proliferation. In vivo, PRL-3 knockdown effectively suppressed the growth of peritoneal metastases and improved the prognosis in nude mice. Therefore, we concluded that artificial miRNA can depress the expression of PRL-3, and that PRL-3 might be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.     

外泌体miRNA的生物学功能及其在肺纤维化疾病中的调控作用

外泌体是一种微型纳米级细胞外囊泡,由于能够直接参与细胞间信息的传递和物质的运输,被认为是细胞间通讯、免疫调节、疾病诊断和预后循环生物学标志物的重要载体,其携带的核酸和蛋白质等内含物能够影响受体细胞的生理状态.作为一种内源性非编码微小RNA,microRNA (miRNA)对疾病诊断和治疗有着重要的研究价值,有大量证据表明该类分子对肺部疾病的发病进程起着控制调节作用.本文聚焦于近年来细胞外泌体来源miRNA的生物学特性和功能领域,综述了近年来生物医学研究中的热点分子外泌体miRNA在肺部疾病尤其是肺纤维化中调控功能和机制的研究,因此不仅能为肺纤维化疾病的诊断提供新的标志物分子,并且还能够为肺纤维化的外泌体干预治疗建议新的干预策略.     

TSCCA: A tensor sparse CCA method for detecting microRNA-gene patterns from multiple cancers

Existing studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) is involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Many efforts have been devoted to identify microRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets. With the rapid development of miRNA sequencing technology, a vast amount of miRNA expression data for multiple cancers has been collected. These invaluable data repositories provide new paradigms to explore the relationship between miRNAs and cancer. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore the complex cancer-related miRNA-gene patterns by integrating multi-omics data in a pan-cancer paradigm. In this study, we present a tensor sparse canonical correlation analysis (TSCCA) method for identifying cancer-related miRNA-gene modules across multiple cancers. TSCCA is able to overcome the drawbacks of existing solutions and capture both the cancer-shared and specific miRNA-gene co-expressed modules with better biological interpretations. We comprehensively evaluate the performance of TSCCA using a set of simulated data and matched miRNA/gene expression data across 33 cancer types from the TCGA database. We uncover several dysfunctional miRNA-gene modules with important biological functions and statistical significance. These modules can advance our understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms of cancer and provide insights into miRNA-based treatments for cancer.     

MicroRNA 与肿瘤的相关研究进展

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)是一类22个核苷酸左右的非编码调控RNA。可以通过切割mRNA或者是抑制翻译两种机制,在转录后水平发挥调控生物生长发育的重要作用。目前的研究已经发现microRNA参与调控发育、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等多种生理过程。目前已证实miRNA参与肿瘤发生和进展,miRNA表达谱是肿瘤诊断和预后的指标,miRNA突变、缺失或表达水平的异常与人类肿瘤密切相关,它发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。本文就miRNA在肿瘤发生发展以及诊断治疗方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Neural Network Cascade Optimizes MicroRNA Biomarker Selection for Nasopharyngeal Cancer Prognosis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be promising biomarkers in predicting cancer prognosis. However, inappropriate or poorly optimized processing and modeling of miRNA expression data can negatively affect prediction performance. Here, we propose a holistic solution for miRNA biomarker selection and prediction model building. This work introduces the use of a neural network cascade, a cascaded constitution of small artificial neural network units, for evaluating miRNA expression and patient outcome. A miRNA microarray dataset of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus to illustrate the methodology. Results indicated a nonlinear relationship between miRNA expression and patient death risk, implying that direct comparison of expression values is inappropriate. However, this method performs transformation of miRNA expression values into a miRNA score, which linearly measures death risk. Spearman correlation was calculated between miRNA scores and survival status for each miRNA. Finally, a nine-miRNA signature was optimized to predict death risk after nasopharyngeal carcinoma by establishing a neural network cascade consisting of 13 artificial neural network units. Area under the ROC was 0.951 for the internal validation set and had a prediction accuracy of 83% for the external validation set. In particular, the established neural network cascade was found to have strong immunity against noise interference that disturbs miRNA expression values. This study provides an efficient and easy-to-use method that aims to maximize clinical application of miRNAs in prognostic risk assessment of patients with cancer.     

Two Panels of Plasma MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Prediction of Recurrence in Resectable NSCLC

The diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) at an early stage, as well as better prediction of outcome remains clinically challenging due to the lack of specific and robust non-invasive markers. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), particularly those found in the bloodstream, has opened up new perspectives for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of our study was to determine whether expression profiles of specific miRNAs in plasma could accurately discriminate between NSCLC patients and controls, and whether they are able to predict the prognosis of resectable NSCLC patients. We therefore evaluated a series of seventeen NSCLC-related miRNAs by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR in plasma from 52 patients with I-IIIA stages NSCLC, 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 20-age, sex and smoking status-matched healthy individuals. We identified an eleven-plasma miRNA panel that could distinguish NSCLC patients from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.879). A six-plasma miRNA panel was able to discriminate between NSCLC patients and COPD patients (AUC = 0.944). Furthermore, we identified a three-miRNA plasma signature (high miR-155-5p, high miR-223-3p, and low miR-126-3p) that significantly associated with a higher risk for progression in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, a three-miRNA plasma panel (high miR-20a-5p, low miR-152-3p, and low miR-199a-5p) significantly predicted survival of squamous cell carcinoma patients. In conclusion, we identified two plasma miRNA expression profiles that may be useful for predicting the outcome of patients with resectable NSCLC.     

环状RNA在胃癌与结直肠癌中的功能和作为临床标志物的潜力

环状RNA（circRNA）是一种广泛存在于生物体内的新型内源性RNA。CircRNA由RNA前体可变剪接产生,比线性RNA有更好的稳定性,是最近几年RNA领域的明星分子。CircRNA来源于内含子或外显子,可充当miRNA海绵或者结合蛋白质来参与基因表达调控,甚至已发现有circRNA能编码蛋白质。越来越多的研究表明,circRNA在肿瘤（如：食管癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和膀胱癌等）的发生发展中发挥了重要作用。近年来,circRNA在胃癌、结直肠癌的研究逐渐增加,circRNA可能成为新的生物学标志物发挥诊断和预后的作用。本文将主要介绍circRNA 在胃癌及结直肠癌的功能和作为临床标志物的研究进展。