青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制

目的:探讨青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制.方法:用青蒿素处理K562细胞.通过MTT比色法检别细胞增殖抑制的效果;荧光显微镜观察细胞的凋亡;流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)进行细胞周期分析;Western-blotting测定药物作用前后线粒体、细胞浆细胞色素C的表达.结果:青蒿素抑制K562细胞的增殖,IC5D为1.5× 10-5mol·L-1;Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色可观察到明显的核浓缩、凝集等细胞凋亡表现;流式细胞仪检测G2期细胞比例增高,S期减少;Western-blotting检测药物处理细胞后线粒体细胞色素C表达水平下调,细胞浆出现明显细胞色素C蛋白条带.结论:青蒿素可能通过线粒体细胞色素C途径诱导K562细胞凋亡.     

低浓度丰加霉素对人白血病K562细胞集落形成抑制作用的机制研究

目的初步探讨低浓度丰加霉素对人白血病K562细胞集落形成抑制作用的机制。方法甲基纤维素集落形成实验检测低浓度丰加霉素对人白血病K562细胞集落形成能力的影响;CCK-8法检测低浓度丰加霉素对K562细胞的生长抑制率;AnnexinV／PI双染流式细胞仪检测低浓度丰加霉素作用下的K562细胞凋亡率;PI单染流式细胞仪检测药物作用后细胞的周期分布改变;Western免疫印迹和实时定量PCR检测周期相关分子表达水平变化。结果低浓度丰加霉素对人白血病K562细胞具有较强的集落形成抑制作用;可明显抑制K562细胞的生长,呈时间一剂量依赖性;尽管短时间（48h）的药物处理仅出现轻度的细胞凋亡和周期阻滞,但10nmol/L和30nmol/L的丰加霉素长时间（7d）作用后,K562细胞G0／G1期比例分别是（62．3±1．7）％和（76．9±0．7）％,与对照组（38．9±1．1）％相比差异具有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低浓度丰加霉素长时间作用后诱导K562细胞周期相关分子P16蛋白水平和转录水平的高表达。结论丰加霉素在低浓度,长时间作用于人白血病K562细胞后,具有较强的集落形成抑制和生长抑制作用,此作用可能与诱导细胞周期相关分子p16高表达,导致细胞G0／G1期阻滞有关。     

DADS 上调K562 细胞p21WAF1 表达对细胞生长阻抑和凋亡 的实验研究

目的:探讨二烯丙基二硫(DADS)对体外培养的人白血病细胞系K562细胞生长阻抑和凋亡作用及机制。方法:采用MTT分析法检测细胞活性、流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡率、免疫组化检测p21WAF1基因表达。结果:1).DADS在10mg/L～80 mg/L范围内,对K562细胞的抑制作用呈剂量-时间依赖效应;2).不同浓度DADS作用于K562细胞24h后,细胞周期发生了变化:DADS可以将K562细胞阻滞于G2/M期;3).DADS浓度在10mg/L～80mg/L时作用K562细胞24h后,凋亡率逐渐升高,有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);4).用浓度分别为0mg/L,20mg/L,40mg/L,80mg/L处理K562细胞24h后,p21WAF1蛋白表达上调,有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),溶媒组和阴性对照组无差别(P>0.05)。结论:DADS有抑制K562细胞增殖和促进K562细胞凋亡的作用。其作用的可能机制与上调细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p21WAF1表达,从而诱使k562细胞阻滞于G2/M期有关。     

烷化溶血磷脂ET—18—OCH3对K562细胞作用的研究

为研究烷化溶血磷脂ET－18－OCH3（ALP）的抗白血病效果。本文以K562细胞为研究对象,通过台蓝拒染法测定ALP作用后K562细胞的生长抑制率和生长曲线;甲基纤维素半固体培养法测定克隆原细胞的存尖率;流式细胞仪检测K562细胞P210蛋白表达;TR－PCR半定量法测定细胞的bcr-abl mRNA;采用流式细胞仪进行DNA 及是民镜观察细胞形态学改变。结果显示,K562细胞经ALP处理后细胞生长明显受抑制,呈作用时间和剂量的依赖性,IC50为31.6(24h),22.3(48h),14.8(72h)μg/ml;细胞增殖速度显著降低,克隆原细胞存活曲线呈指数型,而正常对照组细胞的CFU－GM则未受影响;ATP还可使KT562细胞P210及bcr-abl mRNA水平下调,并有诱导细胞凋亡的作用,说明ALP对K562细胞生长具有明显抑制作用,并有诱导细胞凋亡的作用,提示ALP具有一定的抗白血病效应。     

JNK信号通路对蜂胶抑制白血病K562细胞增殖的调控作用

目的探讨JNK信号通路对蜂胶抑制K562细胞增殖过程的调控作用。方法体外培养K562细胞,用不同浓度蜂胶、c—Jun氨基末端激酶（c—JanN—terminalkinase,JNK）特异性抑制剂SP600125对白血病K562细胞进行处理,用MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡率,Western印迹检测JNK下游分子c—Jun以及磷酸化c—Jan（p-c-Jun）的变化。结果蜂胶作用K562细胞后,增殖抑制率、凋亡率显著升高,具有时间和剂量依赖性,并伴随p-c-Jun蛋白水平上调;加入SP600125能下调p-c-Jun的水平,显著提高蜂胶对K562细胞的增殖抑制率和凋亡率。结论JNK信号通路参与了蜂胶抑制K562细胞增殖过程的调控。抑制JNK活性可增强蜂胶对K562细胞的增殖抑制、凋亡诱导作用。     

三氧化二砷对K562细胞凋亡的诱导及生长抑制作用的研究

目的：研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人红白血病细胞株K562的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用。方法：以As2O3作为耐药逆转剂,用台盼兰排染法,噻唑兰(MTT)还原法,Hoechst 33342和PI荧光染色法,流式细胞仪技术和荧光分光光度法,观察了不同浓度的As2O3(0．2—5．0μmol/L)对人红白血病细胞株K562的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用。结果：As2O3对K562细胞具有明显生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,其作用强度在一定范围内均具药物浓度和时间依赖性。结论：As2O3主要以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而表现其毒性作用。     

人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性粒细胞白血病p210 bcr/abl融合蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性髓细胞白血病敏感株K562细胞p210 ber/abl融合蛋白表达的影响.方法:体外培养K562细胞,经人参皂甙Rg1处理不同时间后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;用Western印迹技术检测细胞内p210ber/abl融合蛋白表达.结果:人参皂甙Rg1可诱导细胞凋亡,凋亡率并随时间延长而升高;人参皂甙Rg1可下调p210 bcr/abl蛋白表达量,并具时间依赖性.结论:人参皂甙Rg1可通过降低p210 ber/abl蛋白水平来诱导K562细胞凋亡,达到有效抗人慢性髓细胞白血病的效果.     

青蒿琥酯和青蒿素抗肿瘤作用及其机制的初步研究

目的:探讨人白血病细胞株K562经青蒿琥酯和青蒿素处理后基因表达的变化及其可能机制.方法:K562细胞经不同浓度青蒿琥酯和青蒿素处理24h后,倒置相差显微镜和荧光显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化;提取细胞总RNA,将逆转录生成的cDNA与基因芯片杂交,分析杂交结果.结果:倒置光显微镜:细胞出现不同程度的皱缩,核分裂相减少,细胞密度下降,漂浮细胞增多.荧光显微镜:染色质高度浓缩、边缘化,凝聚成明亮的团块,即凋亡小体.流式细胞仪:G2期细胞的比例明显增加.芯片杂交分析数据,青蒿琥酯处理组有10条基因表达有差异,表达上调的基因有:p21、chk1,表达下调的基因有:cyclinB1、cyclinE1、E2F1、DNA-PK、hTERT、bcl-2、jnk、VEGF;青蒿素处理组有10条基因表达下调:cyclinD1、cdk4、cdk2、cdc2、DNA-PK、DNA-TopoI、mcl-1、erk、jnk、VEGF.结论:青蒿琥酯和青蒿素可以抑制K562细胞增殖,作用机制与改变细胞周期某些调控物质的基因表达、诱导K562细胞凋亡等有关.     

乙肝病毒X蛋白诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的信号转导途径

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitisBvirus,HBV)X蛋白(HBX)与肝癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)的发生具有密切的关系.HBX不但具有拮抗细胞凋亡的作用,还具有促进细胞凋亡的作用.为了进一步探讨HBX促细胞凋亡作用的分子机制,通过脂质体转染的方法将携带X基因的真核表达载体pCMVX导入H7402肝癌细胞,使乙肝病毒x基因(HBx)瞬时过量表达.流式细胞仪检测结果显示,在瞬时转染3μgpCMVX质粒后,肝癌细胞发生凋亡.为阐明HBX诱导细胞凋亡的信号转导途径,对HBX与线粒体释放细胞色素c的关系做了初步探讨.通过罗丹明123染色,经流式细胞仪分析,显示在转染HBx基因后细胞线粒体膜电位明显下降,表明HBX可促进细胞色素c从线粒体释放增加.Western印迹检测结果显示,肝癌细胞在导入HBx基因后,细胞凋亡线粒体转导途径中细胞色素c、Apaf1、procaspase3和procaspase9等的表达水平均上调.研究结果说明,HBX可通过影响线粒体凋亡途径促进肝癌细胞凋亡.     

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132诱导K562和HeLa细胞凋亡程度存在明显差异

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132诱导人白血病细胞K562和宫颈癌细胞HeLa凋亡,用3个不同浓度的蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132处理人白血病细胞K562和宫颈癌细胞HeLa,通过MTT检测、annexin Ⅴ/ PI 双染法、流式细胞术、酶标仪和Western 印迹分别检测MG132对K562细胞和HeLa细胞的生长效应、细胞凋亡率、细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平和caspase-3活性变化的影响.蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132诱导K562细胞凋亡明显,对HeLa细胞诱导凋亡不明显.结果表明,蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132特异性诱导不同肿瘤细胞凋亡的程度存在明显差异.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.