Pelagicola litorisediminis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated D1-W8^T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea in South Korea. Strain D1-W8^T was found to grow optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain D1-W8^T clustered with the type strain of Pelagicola litoralis showing 97.1 % sequence identity. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of other species exhibited lower similarity values. Strain D1-W8^T was determined to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain D1-W8^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain D1-W8^T was determined to be 57.9 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of P. litoralis was 17 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain D1-W8^T is separate from P. litoralis. On the basis of the data presented, strain D1-W8^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pelagicola, for which the name Pelagicola litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D1-W8^T (= KCTC 32327^T = CECT 8287^T).     

Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BB-MW15^T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the southern coast of the Korean peninsula, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain BB-MW15^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain BB-MW15^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Marivita byunsanensis (96.8 %), Thalassobius maritimus (96.6 %), Sulfitobacter marinus (96.4 %) and Marinovum algicola (96.3 %). Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BB-MW15^T forms an independent lineage within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the Roseobacter clade of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Strain BB-MW15^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain BB-MW15^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain BB-MW15^T is 62.7 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic characteristics, strain BB-MW15^T represents a new genus and a new species within Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of A. beolgyonensis is BB-MW15^T (= KCTC 32324^T = CCUG 63829^T).     

Sabulilitoribacter multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a polysaccharide-degrading bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated M-M16^T, was isolated from seashore sand around a seaweed farm on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain M-M16^T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain M-M16^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Gaetbulibacter lutimaris (96.5 %) and Flaviramulus basaltis (95.8 %). Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M-M16^T clustered with the type strains of Gaetbulibacter species and F. basaltis. Strain M-M16^T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:1 G, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain M-M16^T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain M-M16^T was 37.4 mol%. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain M-M16^T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Sabulilitoribacter multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of S. multivorans is M-M16^T (= KCTC 32326^T = CCUG 63831^T).     

Erythrobacter westpacificensis sp. nov., a Marine Bacterium Isolated From the Western Pacific

A novel Gram-negative, orange-pigmented bacterial strain JLT2008^T was isolated from the surface seawater of the Western Pacific and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JLT2008^T belonged to the genus Erythrobacter, sharing the highest similarity (96.6 %) with Erythrobacter gangjinensis K7-2^T and the lowest similarity (94.9 %) with Erythrobacter litoralis DSM 8509^T. Strain JLT2008^T did not contain bacteriochlorophyll a, and the predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10. The major fatty acids were C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c. The prominent polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic G + C content was 60.1 mol %. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, a novel species within the genus Erythrobacter, and with the name Erythrobacter westpacificensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is JLT2008^T (=CGMCC 1.10993^T = JCM 18014^T).     

Variibacter gotjawalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil of a lava forest

A novel bacterial strain designated GJW-30^T was isolated from soil of the lava forest, Gotjawal, located in Aewol, Jeju, Korea. Strain GJW-30^T was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-negative and to form pleomorphic, non-motile rods and white colonies on R2A agar. The major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0 and C_17:0, the predominant isoprenoid quinone as Q-10, the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall sugar pattern of strain GJW-30^T was found to be composed of glucose, ribose and rhamnose and meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content of strain GJW-30^T is 62.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain GJW-30^T forms a deep branch within the order Rhizobiales, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum LMG 10732^T (93.6 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain GJW-30^T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Variibacter gotjawalensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type strain is GJW-30^T = KCTC 32391^T = CECT 8514^T = LMG 28093^T) is proposed.     

Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

A novel Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated KMM 6351^T, was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to the genera Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Vibrio. Strain KMM 6351^T grows at 4–40 °C and with 0.5–12 % NaCl and decomposes aesculin, agar, gelatin, starch, chitin and DNA. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 46.1 mol%. The prevalent fatty acids were found to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c, C_12:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH fatty acids). The major polar lipids were determined to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. The predominant ubiquinone was found to be Q-8. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that the novel strain should be assigned to a new genus and species within the class γ-Proteobacteria for which the name Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6351^T (=KCTC 22996^T = LMG 25420^T).     

Nonlabens arenilitoris sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated M-M3^T, was isolated from marine sand on the southern coast of South Korea and subjected to a polyphasic study. Strain M-M3^T was observed to grow optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M-M3^T fell within the clade comprising Nonlabens species, joining the type strain of Nonlabens ulvanivorans, with which it exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 99.4 %. Sequence similarity to the type strains of the other Nonlabens species was 93.0–95.2 % and <92.2 % to those of other species used in the phylogenetic analysis. Strain M-M3^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were determined to be phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain M-M3^T was determined to be 38.2 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with N. ulvanivorans DSM 22727^T was 42 ± 6.2 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain M-M3^T is separate from other Nonlabens species. On the basis of the data presented, strain M-M3^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonlabens, for which the name Nonlabens arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M-M3^T (=KCTC 32109^T = CCUG 62919^T).     

Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov., isolated from a water sample collected from mangrove forest in Coringa,Andhra Pradesh,India

A Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain AK49^T was isolated from a water sample from a mangrove forest in Coringa village, Andhra Pradesh, India. Strain AK49^T was observed to form yellow coloured, smooth, circular, convex colonies on marine agar, with entire margins. Cells of strain AK49^T are 0.5–1.0 µm wide and 1.5–3.5 µm long. Growth was observed at 25–37 °C (optimum 30 °C), 2–6 % NaCl (optimum 2 %) and pH 6–8 (optimum 7). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain AK49^T is closely related to two species recently reclassified as members of the genus Aliiglaciecola: Aliiglaciecola lipolytica JCM 15139^T (sequence similarity 95.43 %) and Aliiglaciecola litoralis JCM 15896^T (sequence similarity 96.91 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain AK49^T were found to include C_16:0, C_18:1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c/C_15:0 iso-2-OH). The polar lipid content of cell membrane was found to include phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AK49^T was determined to be 41.9 mol%. Based on the taxonomic methods, including chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches, strain AK49^T is described here as a novel species belonging to the genus Aliiglaciecola, for which the name Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is AK49^T (=MTCC 12003^T = JCM19197^T).     

Nonhongiella spirulinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a cultivation pond of Spirulina platensis in Sanya, China

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile rod strain, designated Ma-20^T, was isolated from a pool of marine Spirulina platensis cultivation, Sanya, China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomy study. Strain Ma-20^T can grow in the presence of 0.5–11 % (w/v) NaCl, 10–43 °C and pH 6–10, and grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.5–9.0 in natural seawater medium. The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) and the major fatty acids were C_18:1ω6c/C_18:1ω7c (summed feature 8, 32.84 %), C_16:1ω6c/C_16:1ω7c (summed feature 3, 30.76 %), C_16:0 (13.54 %), C_12:03-OH (4.63 %), and C_12:0 (4.09 %). The DNA G+C content of strain Ma-20^T was 58 mol %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ma-20^T belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, it shared 88.46–91.55 and 89.21–91.26 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains in genus Hahella and Marinobacter, respectively. In addition to the large 16S rRNA gene sequence difference, Ma-20^T can also be distinguished from the reference type strains Hahella ganghwensis FR1050^T and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus sp. 17^T by several phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic properties. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain Ma-20^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Nonhongiella spirulinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ma-20^T (=KCTC 32221^T=LMG 27470^T).     

Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine sediment

A novel, red-pigmented and coccoid haloarchaeon, designated strain CBA1101^T, was isolated from a marine sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CBA1101^T is most closely related to the genus Halococcus in the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain CBA1101^T had a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Halococcus dombrowskii DSM 14522^T, followed by 93.7–98.3 % with sequences of other type strains in the genus Halococcus. The RNA polymerase subunit B′ gene sequence similarity of strain CBA1101^T with that of Halococcus qingdaonensis JCM 13587^T is 89.5 % and lower with those of other members of the genus Halococcus. Strain CBA1101^T was observed to grow at 25–40 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of 15–30 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 35–40 °C, pH 7.0 and with 20 % NaCl. The cells of strain CBA1101^T are Gram-negative and did not lyse in distilled water. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglyerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diether, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined 66.0 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization experiment showed that there was less than 40 % relatedness between strain CBA1101^T and the reference species in the genus Halococcus. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain CBA1101^T is considered to represent a new species in the genus Halococcus, for which the name Halococcus sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA1101^T (=JCM 18965^T = CECT 8275^T).     

Yamadazyma siamensis sp. nov., Yamadazyma phyllophila sp. nov. and Yamadazyma paraphyllophila sp. nov., three novel yeast species isolated from phylloplane in Thailand and Taiwan

Four strains representing three novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from the external surface of sugarcane leaves (DMKU-RK254^T), corn leaves (DMKU-RK548^T), bean leaves (K129) in Thailand and hengchun pencilwood leaves (TrB1-1^T) in Taiwan. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the actin gene (ACT1) and the elongation factor 2 gene (EF2), the four strains were determined to represent novel Yamadazyma species although formation of ascospores was not observed. Strain DMKU-RK254^T was determined to be related to Candida diddensiae, Candida naeodendra and Candida kanchanaburiensis but with 1.8, 1.8 and 2.0 % nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene, respectively. It was assigned to Yamadazyma siamensis sp. nov. (type strain DMKU-RK254^T = BCC 50730^T = NBRC 108901^T = CBS 12573^T). The sequences of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene, the ITS region, ACT1 gene and EF2 gene of two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) were identical but differed from that of strain TrB1-1^T by 0.6, 1.0, 3.3 and 5.9 % nucleotide substitutions, respectively. Therefore, the two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) and strain TrB1-1^T were assigned to be two separate species. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequences similarity of the D1/D2 region to the two novel species was Yamadazyma philogaea but with 1.1–1.7 % nucleotide substitutions. The two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) were assigned to Yamadazyma phyllophila sp. nov. (type strain DMKU-RK548^T = BCC 50736^T = NBRC 108906^T = CBS 12572^T) and the strain TrB1-1^T was named Yamadazyma paraphyllophila sp. nov. (type strain TrB1-1^T = BCRC 23030^T = CCTCC AY 204005^T = CBS 9928^T).     

Salinicoccus halitifaciens sp. nov., a novel bacterium participating in halite formation

Strain JC90^T was isolated from a soda lake in Lonar, India. Strain JC90^T maintains its external pH to 8.5 and participates in halite formation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC90^T was found to belong to the genus Salinicoccus and is most closely related to “Salinicoccus kekensis” K164^T (99.3 %), Salinicoccus alkaliphilus T8^T (98.4 %) and other members of the genus Salinicoccus (<96.5 %). However Strain JC90^T is <36 % related (based on DNA–DNA hybridization) with the type strains of “S. kekensis” K164^T and S. alkaliphilus T8^T. The DNA G+C content of strain JC90^T was determined to be 46 mol %. The cell-wall amino acids were identified as lysine and glycine. Polar lipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and unidentified lipids (L1,2). Major hopanoids of strain JC90^T were determined to be bacterial hopane derivatives (BHD1,2), diplopterol, diploptene and two unidentified hopanoids (UH1,2). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone (MK-6). Anteiso-C_15:0 was determined to be the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of iso-C_14:0, C_14:0, iso-C_15:0, C_16:0, iso-C_16:0, iso-C_17:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and C_18:02OH were also detected. The results of physiological and biochemical tests support the molecular evidence and allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JC90^T from all other members of the genus Salinicoccus. Strain JC90^T is therefore considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Salinicoccus halitifaciens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC90^T (=KCTC 13894^T =DSM 25286^T).     

Shewanella litorisediminis sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SMK1-12^T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the western coast of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain SMK1-12^T belonged to the genus Shewanella, clustering with the type strain of Shewanella amazonensis. Strain SMK1-12^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (97.0 %) and the highest gyrB sequence similarity value (87.8 %) to S. amazonensis SB2B^T, respectively. Strain SMK1-12^T contained simultaneously both menaquinones and ubiquinones; the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) detected in strain SMK1-12^T were the MIDI system summed feature 3 (iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c), iso-C_15:0, C_17:1 ω8c and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain SMK1-12^T was 58.0 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with S. amazonensis ATCC 700329^T was 15 ± 4.6 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SMK1-12^T is distinguishable from recognized Shewanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain SMK1-12^T is considered to represent a novel Shewanella species, for which the name Shewanella litorisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SMK1-12^T (=KCTC 23961^T = CCUG 62411^T).     

Description of Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan,transfer of Azospirillum irakense (1989) as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov., and reclassification of Azospirillum amazonense (1983) as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel aerobic bacterial strain (designated CC-LY736^T) isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan. Cells of strain CC-LY736^T were Gram-stain negative, spiral-shaped and motile by means of a monopolar flagellum. Strain CC-LY736^T shared the greatest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Azospirillum irakense DSM 11586^T (97.2 %), Rhodocista centenaria JCM 21060^T (96.3 %) and Rhodocista pekingensis JCM 11669^T (96.1 %). The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_16:1 ω5c, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c, C_16:0 3-OH and C_18:1 2-OH. The predominant polar lipids included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and two unidentified glycolipids. The common major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and predominant polyamines were sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-LY736^T was 67.6 ± 0.1 mol %. During phylogenetic analysis, strain CC-LY736^T formed a unique phyletic lineage associated with Rhodocista species. However, the combination of genetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data clearly indicated that strain CC-LY736^T was a novel representative of the family Rhodospirillaceae. Based on the polyphasic comparison, the name Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of the type species is CC-LY736^T (= BCRC 80504^T = LMG 27263^T). In addition, the reclassifications of Azospirillum irakense as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov. (type strain KBC1^T = ATCC 51182^T = BCRC 15764^T = CIP 103311^T), and Azospirillum amazonense as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain Am14^T = ATCC 35119^T = BCRC 14279^T = DSM 3787^T) are proposed based on the polyphasic taxonomic data obtained in this study.     

Thalassococcus lentus sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater of a seaweed farm

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod- or ovoid-shaped bacterial strain, designated YCS-24^T, was isolated from seawater of a seaweed farm in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain YCS-24^T grew optimally at 25–28 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain YCS-24^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.5 and 97.1 % to the type strains of Thalassobius maritimus and Thalassococcus halodurans, respectively. The neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YCS-24^T clustered with the type strain of T. halodurans. The DNA G+C content of strain YCS-24^T was 58.0 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with T. halodurans JCM 13833^T and T. maritimus GSW-M6^T were 17 ± 6.2 and 23 ± 9.2 %, respectively. The predominant ubiquinone found in strain YCS-24^T was Q-10 and the predominant fatty acid of strain YCS-24^T was C_18:1 ω7c. The major polar lipids of strain YCS-24^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain YCS-24^T is distinguished from T. halodurans. On the basis of the data presented, strain YCS-24^T (= KCTC 32084^T = CCUG 62791^T) represents a novel species of the genus Thalassococcus, for which the name Thalassococcus lentus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, GJSW-22^T, which was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain GJSW-22^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GJSW-22^T grouped with the type strains of Thalassobius species, forming a stable cluster with the type strain of Thalassobius aestuarii (bootstrap value of 83.2 %). Strain GJSW-22^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0 %) to the type strain of T. aestuarii. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of the other Thalassobius species. Strain GJSW-22^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-22^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content of strain GJSW-22^T is 60.3 mol % and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of T. aestuarii was 23 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, confirmed that strain GJSW-22^T is distinct from other Thalassobius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-22^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-22^T (=KCTC 42115^T = NBRC 110378^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Algoriella xinjiangensis</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a new psychrotolerant bacterium of the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacteriaceae</Emphasis>

An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, non-spore-forming and psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain XJ109^T, was isolated from a sewage water sample collected from Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain XJ109^T represents a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The strain showed 95.5 % similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Empedobacter brevis LMG 4011^T, 95.4 % with Chishuiella changwenlii BY4^T, 95.3 % with Empedobacter falsenii NF 993^T and 92.3 % with Weeksella virosa DSM 16922^T. Strain XJ109^T showed the common phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the family Flavobacteriaceae, containing menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C_17:0 3OH and iso-C_15:0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.0 mol%. Strain XJ109^T was positive for catalase and oxidase activities, and it was observed to grow at 4–30 °C (optimal 16–20 °C), pH 6.5–10.0 (optimal 7.0–7.5) and in media containing 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 0.5 %). On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, strain XJ109^T is considered to represent a novel genus and species of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Algoriella xinjiangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJ109^T (=CGMCC 1.10229^T=JCM 16590^T).     

Marinilabilia nitratireducens sp. nov., a lipolytic bacterium of the family Marinilabiliaceae isolated from marine solar saltern

A Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile bacterium, was isolated from a marine solar saltern sample collected from Kakinada, India. Strain AK2^T was determined to be positive for nitrate reduction, catalase, Ala-Phe-Pro-arylamidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase and phosphatase activities, hydrolysis of aesculin, Tween 20/40/60/80 and urea. It was determined to be negative for oxidase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and could not hydrolyze agar, casein, gelatin and starch. The predominant fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0 (28.2 %), anteiso-C_15:0 (23.2 %), iso-C_13:0 (19.9 %) and iso-C_15:0 3-OH (13.9 %). Strain AK2^T was found to contain menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids as polar lipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated the strain AK2^T as a member of the genus Marinilabilia and is closely related to Marinilabilia salmonicolor with pair-wise sequence similarity of 98.2 %. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain AK2^T clustered with M. salmonicolor. However, DNA–DNA hybridization with M. salmonicolor JCM 21150^T showed a relatedness of 48 ± 0.5 % with respect to strain AK2^T. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 40.2 mol%. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, it is proposed that the strain AK2^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinilabilia, for which the name Marinilabilia nitratireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. nitratireducens sp. nov. is AK2^T (= MTCC 11402^T = JCM 17679^T).     

Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific

A Gram-stain negative, ovoid-rod shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain Y2^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism indicated that it belongs to the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain Y2^T shares highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 % with Erythrobacter jejuensis CNU001^T, followed by the type strains of recognized members of the genus Altererythrobacter (94.8–96.5 %). Strain Y2^T forms a clade with E. jejuensis CNU001^T in the cluster of species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Growth of strain Y2^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–3 %). The major cellular fatty acids were found to be C_17:1 ω6c (41.5 %), summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c; 17.2 %), C_17:1 ω8c (11.0 %) and C_15:0 2OH (8.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was determine to be ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 60.0 mol %. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain Y2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y2^T (=CGMCC 1.12752^T =LMG 28109^T).