Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

A novel Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated KMM 6351^T, was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to the genera Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Vibrio. Strain KMM 6351^T grows at 4–40 °C and with 0.5–12 % NaCl and decomposes aesculin, agar, gelatin, starch, chitin and DNA. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 46.1 mol%. The prevalent fatty acids were found to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c, C_12:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH fatty acids). The major polar lipids were determined to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. The predominant ubiquinone was found to be Q-8. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that the novel strain should be assigned to a new genus and species within the class γ-Proteobacteria for which the name Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6351^T (=KCTC 22996^T = LMG 25420^T).     

Litoribacillus peritrichatus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment of an amphioxus breeding zone in Qingdao, China

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped bacterium with peritrichous flagella, designated JYr12^T, was isolated from sediment of an amphioxus breeding zone in the coastal region of Qingdao, China. Strain JYr12^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The organism was determined to contain C_16:0 (28.3 %) and C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c (34.8 %) as the major fatty acids and ubiquinone-8 (90 %) as the predominant isoprenoid ubiquinone. The polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 42.3 mol %. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain JYr12^T was placed in the class Gammaproteobacteria and shared ~91.20, 91.18, 91.01, 90.95, 90.80 and 90.40 % sequence similarities with representatives of the genus Thalassolituus, Nitrincola, Oceanospirillum, Marinobacterium, Marinomonas and Microbulbifer, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain JYr12^T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus within the Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Litoribacillus peritrichatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribacillus peritrichatus is JYr12^T (=CGMCC 1.10796^T = JCM17551^T).     

Vibrio zhuhaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a Japanese prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus)

A Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain E20121, was isolated from the digestive tract of a Japanese prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus) collected from the coastal sea water area of Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China. The new isolate was determined to be closely related to Vibrio ponticus DSM 16217^T, having 97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on recA, pyrH and rpoA also showed low levels of sequence similarities (72.6–96.6 %) with all species of the genus Vibrio. A multigene phylogenetic tree using concatenated sequences of the four genes (16S rRNA, rpoA, recA and pyrH) clearly showed that the new isolate is different from the currently known Vibrio species. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed similarity values below 70 % with the closest related species V. ponticus DSM 16217^T. Several phenotypic traits enabled the differentiation of strain E20121 from the closest phylogenetic neighbours. The DNA G+C content of strain E20121 was determined to be 47.6 mol % and the major fatty acid components identified were C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c (39.8 %), C_18:1ω7c (13.6 %) and C_16:0 (9.6 %). Based on genotypic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA hybridization analyses, strain E20121 is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Vibrio for which the name Vibrio zhuhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E20121^T(=DSM 25602^T = CCTCC AB 2011174^T).     

Ottowia shaoguanensis sp. nov., Isolated From Coking Wastewater

A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, floc-forming bacterial strain J5-66^T without any flagellum was isolated from coking wastewater collected from Shaoguan, Guangdong, China. It was capable of optimal growth at pH 7, 30 °C, and 1–2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain belonged to the genus Ottowia in Comamonadaceae, and the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 96.2 % with Ottowia pentelensis DSM 21699^T. The major cellular fatty acids of strain J5-66^T were C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c (45.0 %), C_16:0 (21.1 %), C_18:1 ω7c or/and C_18:1 ω6c (19.2 %). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2). The predominant ubiquinone was Q-8, and the G+C content of the genome DNA was 64.4 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain J5-66^T represents a novel species of the genus Ottowia for which the name Ottowia shaoguanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J5-66^T (=CGMCC 1.12431^T =LMG 27408^T).     

Isolation and Characterization of Marine Nonylphenol-Degrading Bacteria and Description of Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Two novel aerobic p-n-nonylphenol-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strains are affiliated with the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria. One isolate, strain KU41G2, is most closely related to Maricurvus nonylphenolicus (99.2 % similarity), and is tentatively identified as M. nonylphenolicus. The other isolate, strain KU41G^T, is also most closely related to M. nonylphenolicus; however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was only 94.7 %. Cells of strain KU41G^T are Gram-negative rods with a single polar flagellum. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major cellular fatty acids were C_17:1 ω8c (24.2 %); C_15:0 iso 2-OH; and/or C_16:1 ω7c (16.3 %), C_15:0 (10.3 %), C_11:0 3-OH (9.5 %), C_9:0 3-OH (6.7 %), C_10:0 3-OH (6.4 %), and C_18:1 ω7c (5.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strain KU41G^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which we propose the name Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of P. alkylphenolicus is KU41G^T (=JCM 19135^T = KCTC 32386^T).     

Halomonas cibimaris sp. nov., isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood

Two moderately halophilic, facultatively aerobic, motile bacteria with flagella, designated strains 10-C-3^T and 30-C-3, were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Cells of the strains were observed to be ovoid-rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions and production of creamy-pink pigments. Growth of strain 10-C-3^T was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5), and in the presence of 3–15 % (w/v) salts (optimum: 5–10 %). The two strains were found to contain C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, summed feature 3 (as defined by the MIDI system, comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), and C_12:0 3-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains 10-C-3^T and 30-C-3 were determined to be 63.2 and 63.1 mol%, respectively and the respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) only. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Halomonas and are most closely related to Halomonas fontilapidosi 5CR^T with 95.2 % of 16S rRNA sequence similarity. Strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 shared 99.2 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and their DNA–DNA relatedness value was 96.6 ± 0.9 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 represent a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas cibimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10-C-3^T (= KACC 14932^T = JCM 16914^T).     

Sinorhodobacter ferrireducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a non-phototrophic iron-reducing bacterium closely related to phototrophic Rhodobacter species

An Fe(III) oxide-reducing bacterium designated as SgZ-3^T, which could couple glucose oxidation to Fe(III) oxide reduction for energy conservation, was isolated from an electrochemical biofilm. The isolate was Gram-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and facultative anaerobic. NaCl was not required for growth, but NaCl concentrations up to 5 % (w/v) were tolerated. Growth occurred in TSB (tryptic soy broth) at 20–40 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum 7.0). Phototrophic growth could not be demonstrated. No vesicular photosynthetic membrane was observed. Bacteriochlorophyll α and carotenoids were absent. Biotin and thiamine were required as growth factors for the isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain SgZ-3^T within the family Rhodobacteraceae and affiliated with an phototrophic genera Rhodobacter. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.6 mol%. Strain SgZ-3^T contained Q-10 as the predominant quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c (66.9 %) and C_16:0 (9.5 %). Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, chemotaxonomic analysis and the results of physiological and biochemical tests, strain SgZ-3^T (=KACC 16603^T = CCTCC AB2012026^T) was designated as the type strain of a new genus and a novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Sinorhodobacter ferrireducens sp. nov. was proposed.     

Deinococcus soli sp. nov., a Gamma-Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Rice Field Soil

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated N5^T, was isolated from a rice field soil in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate showed that strain N5^T belongs to the genus Deinococcus, family Deinococcaceae, showing the highest sequence similarity to Deinococcus grandis KACC 11979^T (98.4 %) and Deinococcus daejeonensis KCTC 13751^T (97.5 %). Strain N5^T exhibits resistance to gamma-radiation similar to that of other members of the genus Deinococcus, with a D₁₀ value in excess of 4 kGy. Chemotaxonomic data showed that the most abundant fatty acids are C_16:1 ω7c (25.25 %), C_15:1 ω6c (19.77 %), C_17:1 ω6c (11.87 %), and C_17:0 (9.41 %), and the major polar lipid is an unknown phosphoglycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-8. The DNA G+C content is 71.4 mol%. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data support designation of strain N5^T as a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N5^T (=KCTC 33153^T = JCM 19176^T).     

Pseudomonas oryzae sp. nov. isolated from a paddy soil in South China

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and motile with several polar flagellums bacterium, designated WM-3^T, was isolated from a rice paddy soil in South China. Growth occurred with 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0 %), at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and at 25–42 °C (optimum 30–37 °C) in liquid Reasoner’s 2A medium. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strain WM-3^T was most closely related to the type strains of the species Pseudomonas linyingensis and Pseudomonas sagittaria. Its sequence similarities with P. linyingensis CGMCC 1.10701^T and P. sagittaria JCM 18195^T were 97.4 and 97.3 %, respectively, for 16S rRNA gene, and were 94.1 and 94.2 %, respectively, for gyrB gene. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain WM-3^T and these two type strains showed relatedness of 35.6 and 30.9 %, respectively. G+C content of genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acids mainly consisted of C_16:0 (30.0 %), C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1 ω7c (19.3 %) and C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c (16.3 %). The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain WM-3^T belongs to genus Pseudomonas but represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM-3^T (=KCTC 32247^T =CGMCC 1.12417^T).     

Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp.nov., A Marine Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from the East China Sea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming aerobic bacterium, motile with a single polar flagellum, strain JLT2005^T, was isolated from surface seawater collected from the East China Sea and formed ivory white colonies on a rich organic medium. The strain was positive for catalase, oxidase, and urease. It grew in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5 %), at 20–35 °C (optimum 25 °C), or at pH 6–10 (optimum pH 9). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C_18:1ω7c, C_19:0ω8c cyclo, C_16:0, and C_18:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and five unidentified glycolipids. Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinone-11 were present as the major quinones. The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JLT2005^T belongs to the genus Pelagibacterium in the family Hyphomicrobiaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbors were Pelagibacterium halotolerans B2^T (98.7 % similarity) and Pelagibacterium luteolum 1_C16_27^T (97.1 % similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain JLT2005^T with P. halotolerans B2^T and with P. luteolum 1_C16_27^T were 31.6 and 25 %. Evidence from genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data shows that strain JLT2005^T represents a novel species of the genus Pelagibacterium, for which the name Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is JLT2005^T (=CGMCC 1.10829^T =JCM 17767^T).     

Sphingomonas ginsenosidivorax sp. nov., with the ability to transform ginsenosides

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated KHI67^T was isolated from sediment of the Gapcheon River in South Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain KHI67^T was observed to grow optimally at 25–30 °C and at pH 7.0 on nutrient and R2A agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KHI67^T was shown to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae and was related to Sphingomonas faeni MA-olki^T (97.6 % sequence similarity), Sphingomonas aerolata NW12^T (97.5 %) and Sphingomonas aurantiaca MA101b^T (97.3 %). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 65.6 %. The major ubiquinone was found to be Q-10, the major polyamine was identified as homospermidine and the major fatty acids identified were summed feature 8 (comprising C_18:1 ω7c/ω6c; 37.0 %), C_16:0 (13.0 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c; 12.8 %) and C_14:0 2OH (9.3 %). DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain KHI67^T to the genus Sphingomonas. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain KHI67^T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 15 %. Strain KHI67^T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognised species of the genus Sphingomonas. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingomonas ginsenosidivorax sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KHI67^T (=KACC 14951^T = JCM 17076^T = LMG 25801^T).     

Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit

A polyphasic taxonomic study using morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic methods was performed on six strains of unknown Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus-shaped bacteria isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. On the basis of the 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase α-subunit (rpoA) and 60 kDa chaperonin (cpn60) gene sequence analyses, it was shown that all the isolates were enterococci but formed two separate lines of descent. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons demonstrated that the two novel organisms were most closely related to each other (97.9 %) and to Enterococcus aquimarinus (97.8 %). Both organisms contained major amounts of C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c, C_16:1 ω7c, and C_18:1 ω7c/12t/9t as the major cellular fatty acids. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, the names Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. (type strain PC32^T = CCUG 61260^T = NRRL B-59661^T) and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov. (type strain PC4B^T = CCUG 61259^T = NRRL B-59662^T) are proposed for these hitherto undescribed species.     

Description of Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan,transfer of Azospirillum irakense (1989) as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov., and reclassification of Azospirillum amazonense (1983) as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel aerobic bacterial strain (designated CC-LY736^T) isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan. Cells of strain CC-LY736^T were Gram-stain negative, spiral-shaped and motile by means of a monopolar flagellum. Strain CC-LY736^T shared the greatest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Azospirillum irakense DSM 11586^T (97.2 %), Rhodocista centenaria JCM 21060^T (96.3 %) and Rhodocista pekingensis JCM 11669^T (96.1 %). The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_16:1 ω5c, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c, C_16:0 3-OH and C_18:1 2-OH. The predominant polar lipids included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and two unidentified glycolipids. The common major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and predominant polyamines were sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-LY736^T was 67.6 ± 0.1 mol %. During phylogenetic analysis, strain CC-LY736^T formed a unique phyletic lineage associated with Rhodocista species. However, the combination of genetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological data clearly indicated that strain CC-LY736^T was a novel representative of the family Rhodospirillaceae. Based on the polyphasic comparison, the name Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of the type species is CC-LY736^T (= BCRC 80504^T = LMG 27263^T). In addition, the reclassifications of Azospirillum irakense as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov. (type strain KBC1^T = ATCC 51182^T = BCRC 15764^T = CIP 103311^T), and Azospirillum amazonense as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain Am14^T = ATCC 35119^T = BCRC 14279^T = DSM 3787^T) are proposed based on the polyphasic taxonomic data obtained in this study.     

Solirubrobacter taibaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a stem of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

A white-coloured bacterium, designated strain GTJR-20^T, was isolated from a stem of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate was found to grow optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.5–8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Cells were observed to be Gram-stain positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7(H₄) and the major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C_16:0 (35.8 %), C_18:1 ω9c (17.7 %), C_17:1 ω6c (11.0 %), C_17:1 ω8c (7.8 %) and C_18:3 ω6c (6, 9, 12) (7.2 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 71.6 mol %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GTJR-20^T is a member of the genus Solirubrobacter and is closely related to Solirubrobacter phytolaccae GTGR-8^T (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 98.4 %), Solirubrobacter soli KCTC 12628^T (97.8 %), Solirubrobacter pauli KCTC 9974^T (97.7 %) and Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans KCTC 19420^T (97.6 %). No other recognized bacterial species showed more than 94.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the novel isolate. DNA–DNA relatedness values for strain GTJR-20^T with respect to its closely related neighbours S. phytolaccae GTGR-8^T, S. soli KCTC 12628^T, S. pauli KCTC 9974^T and S. ginsenosidimutans KCTC 19420^T were 48.3 ± 8.6, 21.3 ± 5.2, 36.8 ± 6.2 and 36.0 ± 5.5 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain GTJR-20^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Solirubrobacter, for which the name Solirubrobacter taibaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GTJR-20^T (=CCTCC AB 2013308^T = KCTC 29222^T).     

Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov., Isolated from an Oil-Polluted Saline Soil

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated 110399^T and 110248, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China. The two strains shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the DNA–DNA relatedness value being 80.0 %. They were both capable to grow at 20–40 °C, pH 7–9, and 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl with the optimum growth happened at 30 °C, pH 8, and 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains were members of Nitratireductor and most closely related to Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B^T and N. basaltis J3^T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 97.1 and 97.0 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel strains and two type strains were below 27 ± 7 %. The strains 110399^T and 110248 also differed from N. pacificus and N. basaltis in nitrate reduction, salt tolerance, enzyme activities, and utilization of carbon sources. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 110399^T were C_19:0ω8c cyclo (10.5 %) and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c, 41.5 %) which are typical in the genus Nitratireductor. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10. The genome DNA G+C content of strain 110399^T and 110248 was 61.1 and 61.7 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains 110399^T and 110248 represent a novel species within the genus Nitratireductor, for which the name Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 110399^T (=CGMCC 1.12519^T = LMG 27405^T).     

Erratum to: Two novel species Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov., isolated from a swine-manure storage pit

A polyphasic taxonomic study using morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic methods was performed on six strains of an unknown Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. On the basis of 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase-subunit (rpoA), and the 60-kilodalton chaperonin (cpn60) gene sequence analyses, it was shown that all the isolates were enterococci but formed two separate lines of descent. Pairwise 16S rRNA sequence comparisons demonstrated that the two novel organisms were most closely related to each other (97.9 %) and to Enterococcus aquimarinus (97.8 %). Both organisms contained major amounts of C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c, and C_18:1 ω7c/12t/9t as the major cellular fatty acids. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence, the names Enterococcus lemanii sp. nov. (type strain PC32^T = CCUG 61260^T = NRRL B-59661^T) and Enterococcus eurekensis sp. nov. (type strain PC4B^T = CCUG 61259^T = NRRL B-59662^T) are proposed for the hitherto undescribed species.     

Salinicola zeshunii sp. nov., a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from Soil of a Chicken Farm

The taxonomic status of a moderately halophilic bacterium, strain N4^T, isolated from soil of a chicken farm in China was determined. It was Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Salinicola, as it showed the highest sequence similarities to Salinicola salaries M27^T (98.3 %), Salinicola socius SMB35^T (98.1 %), and Salinicola halophilus CG4.1^T (98.1 %). The major cellular fatty acids were C_16:0 (25.6 %), C_18:1ω7c (35.0 %), and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c (11.9 %), which are properties shared by members of the genus Salinicola. The DNA G+C content of strain N4^T was 69.1 mol %. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain N4^T and the other three type strains of the genus of Salinicola salaries M27^T, Salinicola socius SMB35^T, and Salinicola halophilus CG4.1^T were 34.3, 28.7, and 26.9 %, respectively. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, DNA–DNA relatedness, and phylogenetic analysis, strain N4^T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Salinicola, for which the name Salinicola zeshunii sp. nov. is proposed, with strain N4^T (=KACC 16602^T = CCTCC AB 2012912^T) as the type strain.     

Coralslurrinella hongkonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium in the family Psychromonadaceae, isolated from the coral Platygyra carnosus

A novel bacterial strain, JLT2006^T, was isolated from the scleractinian coral Platygyra carnosus, located in Hong Kong, China. Cells of this strain were Gram-negative, rod-shaped or oval-shaped and motile by the means of polar flagella. They formed faint-yellow, round colonies on marine agar medium. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain JLT2006^T belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Alteromonas-like bacteria of the genera Psychromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Moritella, Shewanella and Ferrimonas, with less than 93 % sequence similarity. The predominant fatty acids were identified as C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c (23.0 %), C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c (18.2 %) and C16:0 (16.4 %). The quinone was menaquinone-7 (100 %). The polar lipids were determined to be phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, glycolipid and lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as the physiological and biochemical features that separate the strain JLT2006^T from other recognized bacteria, a novel species of a new genus with the name Coralslurrinella hongkonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT2006^T (=JCM 18796^T = CGMCC 1.10992^T).     

Spirosoma radiotolerans sp. nov., a Gamma-Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Gamma Ray-Irradiated Soil

A Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain with gliding motility, designated as DG5A^T, was isolated from a rice field soil in South Korea. Phylogenic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate showed that strain DG5A^T belong to the genus Spirosoma in the family Spirosomaceae, and the highest sequence similarities were 95.5 % with Spirosoma linguale DSM 74^T, 93.4 % with Spirosoma rigui WPCB118^T, 92.8 % with Spirosoma luteum SPM-10^T, 92.7 % with Spirosoma spitsbergense SPM-9^T, and 91.9 % with Spirosoma panaciterrae Gsoil 1519^T. Strain DG5A^T revealed resistance to gamma and UV radiation. Chemotaxonomic data showed that the most abundant fatty acids were summed feature C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c (36.90 %), C_16:1 ω5c (29.55 %), and iso-C_15:0 (14.78 %), and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The DNA G+C content of strain DG5A^T was 49.1 mol%. Together, the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data supported that strain DG5A^T presents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma radiotolerans sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is DG5A^T (=KCTC 32455^T = JCM19447^T).     

Variibacter gotjawalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil of a lava forest

A novel bacterial strain designated GJW-30^T was isolated from soil of the lava forest, Gotjawal, located in Aewol, Jeju, Korea. Strain GJW-30^T was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-negative and to form pleomorphic, non-motile rods and white colonies on R2A agar. The major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0 and C_17:0, the predominant isoprenoid quinone as Q-10, the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The cell-wall sugar pattern of strain GJW-30^T was found to be composed of glucose, ribose and rhamnose and meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content of strain GJW-30^T is 62.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain GJW-30^T forms a deep branch within the order Rhizobiales, sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum LMG 10732^T (93.6 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain GJW-30^T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Variibacter gotjawalensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type strain is GJW-30^T = KCTC 32391^T = CECT 8514^T = LMG 28093^T) is proposed.