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一类具有时滞的传染病模型的稳定性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了一类具有时滞的传染病生物模型.首先研究了该模型的线性稳定性,并给出了一列Hopf分支值,然后利用中心流形定理和正规型方法,给出了确定分支周期解的分支方向与稳定性的计算公式. 相似文献
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本文对微生物细胞连续培养过程中产生振荡现象的条件,影响振荡特征(振幅和周期)的因素,振荡机理的研究和振荡行为的应用等进行了全面的论述,并指出了振荡研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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微生物细胞连续培养过程中振荡和混沌行为的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对微生物细胞连续培养过程中产生振荡现象的条件,影响振荡特征(振幅和周期)的因素,振荡机理的研究和振荡行为的应用等进行了全面的论述,并指出了振荡研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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本文讨论了一类具有强连续时滞的捕食-被捕食模型,分析了各非负平衡点的稳定性,利用区域连续收缩方法,得出非负平衡点全局稳定的充分条件,给出正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件,并给出系统出现Hopf的分支值. 相似文献
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研究了一类由两个神经元构成的时滞神经网络模型的稳定性和局部Hopf分支,并结合一般泛函微分方程的全局Hopf分支定理,利用度理论研究了全局Hopf分支的存在性. 相似文献
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Gordon Thomas Frost 《Journal of human evolution》1980,9(6):447-459
The cerebral cortex of modern humans is exceptional in that it is characterized by certain functional asymmetries for which no clear homologue is known in the non-human primates. These asymmetries consist at least in part in the presence in the left cerebral hemisphere of certain mechanisms which mediate language as well as skilled manual activity. Right-handedness is the most obvious overt manifestation of this cerebral asymmetry. It is argued in this paper that the lateralized representation of these mechanisms is an evolutionary consequence of the requirement for asymmetric employment of the forelimbs in the making and using of tools during hominid evolution. The adaptiveness of such an asymmetric arrangement is shown to follow from a few assumptions pertaining to brain organization and evolution. The colateralization of language mechanisms in modern humans to the left hemisphere is held to be a consequence of the coupling of these linguistic mechanisms to the motoric mechanisms already lateralized to the left hemisphere at an earlier point in hominid evolution. Finally, it is argued that this explanation of the evolution of laterality is more parsimonious in relation to known facts about human evolution than competing hypotheses. 相似文献
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扬子鳄视觉器官组织学研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文用光镜和电镜研究了扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)的组织学,同时测量了其眼球的一些光学参数.扬子鳄眼球呈扁圆球形,角膜径与球径的比值为1:1.44;晶状体与角膜的比值为1:1.40。角膜内具鲍氏膜;虹膜内的括约肌、睫状体内的睫状肌均属横纹肌,视细胞椭圆体内线粒体嵴突与线粒体长轴相平行,这与报道的其它鳄类不同。虹膜内未见扩瞳肌纤维,角膜缘缺巩膜小骨片,晶状体环垫薄,因而其视觉调节能力仍然很弱。视网膜中视细胞由视杆细胞、单锥细胞、双锥细胞组成,其中以视杆细胞占多数。视细胞与神经节细胞核比值平均为2.5:1,表明扬子鳄的组织结构与其弱光视觉相适应。 相似文献
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Adaptation to environmental challenges is critical for the survival of an organism. Repression of Insulin/IGF Signaling (IIS) by stress-responsive Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling is emerging as a conserved mechanism that allows reallocating resources from anabolic to repair processes under stress conditions. JNK activation in Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is sufficient to repress Insulin and Insulin-like peptide (ILP) expression in rats and flies, but the significance of this interaction for adaptive responses to stress is unclear. In this study, it is shown that JNK activity in IPCs of flies is required for oxidative stress-induced repression of the Drosophila ILP2. It is found that this repression is required for growth adaptation to heat stress as well as adult oxidative stress tolerance, and that induction of stress response genes in the periphery is in part dependent on IPC-specific JNK activity. Endocrine control of IIS by JNK in IPCs is thus critical for systemic adaptation to stress. 相似文献
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维吾尔族的体质特征研究 总被引:37,自引:12,他引:25
1991年5月,对新疆伊梨维吾尔族529人(男271,女258)进行了活体观察和测量。观察29项,测量92项。维吾尔族的主要特征是:黑直发,黑褐色眼,眉毛较浓密,大都有上眼脸皱褶,鼻根中等偏高,大多为直形鼻,鼻尖向前,鼻基部下垂,大多有达尔文结节,耳垢湿型。头面部指数分型,属于特短头型,阔头型和高头型。身材中等偏高,平均身高男168.6毫米,女1578.8毫米。 相似文献
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北京山区与城区植物组成比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过典型抽样法对北京山区与城区植物物种进行了调查,结果表明北京山区有植物种1283种,隶属于127科,538属,北京城区(五环内)共有维管束植物99科,307属,536种。含25种以上的科的数量在北京山区和城区都比较少,含5种以下的科的数量在北京山区和城区都比较多,而城区只含有1种植物的科要比山区多一些。植物种在属上的分布与其在科上的分布相似。城区植物中乔木、灌木和多年生草本和一年生草本的比例相差不大,而在山区,多年生草本植物优势极为明显,也是山区和城区植物种数差异的主要来源。在属级水平上,植物区系中温带成分在北京山区和城区均占有绝对优势,二者的差异主要表现在城区植物的热带成分明显高于山区,而温带成分的比例则要稍低于山区。山区和城区共有植物有329种,隶属于72科,201属。主要集中在菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科等世界性大科中。 相似文献
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Calculability analysis in underdetermined metabolic networks illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Metabolite balancing has turned out to be a powerful computational tool in metabolic engineering. However, the linear equation systems occurring in this analysis are often underdetermined. If it is difficult or impossible to find the missing constraints, it is nevertheless feasible in some cases to determine the values of a subset of the unknown rates. Here, a procedure for finding out which reaction rates can be uniquely calculated in underdetermined metabolic networks and computing these rates is given. The method is based on the null space to the stoichiometry matrix corresponding to the reactions with unknown rates. It is shown that this method is considerably easier to handle than an algorithm given previously (Van der Heijden et al., 1994a). Furthermore, a useful elementary representation of the null space is presented which is closely related with the elementary flux modes. This unique representation is central to a more general approach to observability/calculability analysis. In particular, it allows one to find, in an easy way, those sets of measurable rates that enable a calculation of a certain unknown rate. Besides, rates which are never calculable by metabolite balancing may be easily detected by this method. The applicability of these methods is illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria. The photoheterotrophic growth of these representatives of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria is stoichiometrically analyzed. Interesting metabolic constraints caused by the necessary balancing of NADPH can be detected in a highly underdetermined system. This is, to our knowledge, the first application of stoichiometric analysis to the metabolic network in this bacteria group using metabolite balancing techniques. A new software tool, the FluxAnalyzer, is introduced. It allows quantitative and structural analysis of metabolic networks in a graphical user interface. 相似文献
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Site of graviperception in roots: a re-examination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two lines of evidence have been cited to support the assertion that the root cap is the sole site of graviperception in the root. The first evidence is based on surgical removal of the cap, which abolishes the response to gravity. This is sufficient to conclude that the cap is involved in gravitropism, but not to conclude that the cap is the site of graviperception. The second is based on the results of centrifugation experiments, in which different parts of the plant are subjected to different centrifugal forces. The data from such experiments have been cited to support the conclusion that the perception of gravity is limited to the rootcap. However, these data actually support the conclusion that gravity is perceived throughout the root tip, and not only in the root cap. We believe that the data support the conclusion that the root cap is involved in root gravitropism, but that there is inadequate evidence to conclude that the cap is the sole site of graviperception. 相似文献
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Mitochondrial DNA Repair Pathways 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
It has long been held that there is no DNA repair in mitochondria. Early observations suggestedthat the reason for the observed accumulation of DNA damage in mitochondrial DNA is thatDNA lesions are not removed. This is in contrast to the very efficient repair that is seen inthe nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA does not code for any DNA repair proteins, but it hasbeen observed that a number of repair factors can be found in mitochondrial extracts. Mostof these participate in the base excision DNA repair pathway which is responsible for theremoval of simple lesions in DNA. Recent work has shown that there is efficient base excisionrepair in mammalian mitochondria and there are also indications of the presence of morecomplex repair processes. Thus, an active field of mitochondrial DNA repair is emerging. Anunderstanding of the DNA repair processes in mammalian mitochondria is an important currentchallenge and it is likely to lead to clarification of the etiology of the common mutations anddeletions that are found in mitochondria, and which are thought to cause various humandisorders and to play a role in the aging phenotype. 相似文献
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The microfilaria of Brugia pahangi is a differentiated nematode larva. The basic nematode body plan is present showing cuticle, hypodermis, dorsal, ventral, and lateral cords, muscle cells, longitudinal nerves, papillary nerves, amphids and phasmids. Secretory granules are present in ganglionic cells and in axons in the nerve ring. There is no differentiated pseudocoelom. There is only a single row of muscle cells between each pair of cords. The excretory cell complex is similar in structure to the hypodermal gland cells of other nematodes. The alimentary canal of the microfilaria is very much modified. The pharyngeal cells are attached to the pharyngeal thread which is circular in cross section and there is no pharyngeal musculature. The intestine is represented by the solid mass of the inner body within paired intestinal cells. The intestine is separated from the rectum. The three rectal cells form a syncytium of villi in the anal vesicle. The structure in Brugia is related to the ultrastructure of other microfilariae and it is concluded that the evolution of the modifications of the basic larval structure is due to the small size of these nematodes as a consequence of their adaptation to a parasitic mode of life in the capillaries of the vertebrate host with transmission through an intermediate arthropod vector. 相似文献
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Scott Woodcock 《Biology & philosophy》2006,21(2):213-234
My aim in this paper is to demonstrate that a very simple learning rule based on imitation can help to sustain altruism as
a culturally transmitted pattern or behaviour among agents playing a standard prisoner’s dilemma game. The point of this demonstration
is not to prove that imitation is single-handedly responsible for existing levels of altruism (a thesis that is false), nor
is the point to show that imitation is an important factor in explanations for the evolution of altruism (a thesis already
prominent in the existing literature). The point is to show that imitation contributes to the evolution of altruism in a particular
way that is not always fairly represented by evolutionary game theory models. Specifically, the paper uses a simple model
to illustrate that cultural transmission includes mechanisms that do not transmit phenotype vertically (i.e. from parent to
related offspring) and that these mechanisms can promote altruism in the absence of any direct biological propensity favouring
such behaviour. This is a noteworthy result because it shows that evolutionary models can be built to explicitly reflect the
contribution of non-vertical transmission in our explanations for the evolution of altruism among humans and other social
species. 相似文献