茂汶淫羊藿化学成分的研究

从小檗科植物茂汶淫羊藿 (EpimediumplatyetalumK .Meyer)的地上部分首次分离得到 5种化合物 (1- 5 ) ,经化学和波谱法 (UV、IR、NMR和FAB_MS)鉴定 ,其中两种为新化合物 ,命名为茂藿甙A (3,5_dihydroxy_4′_methoxy_8_(3″_hydroxyisopentyl)_flavone_7_O_β_D_glucopyranoside ,1)和茂藿甙B (5_hydroxy_4′_methoxy_8_prenyl_flavone_3_O_β_D_glu copyranosyl(1→ 4 )_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl_7_O_β_D_glucopyranoside ,2 ) ,另三种为淫羊藿甙 (3)、宝藿甙_Ⅰ (4)和胡萝卜甙 (5 )。     

淫羊藿中的新黄酮甙

淫羊藿甙(icariin,1)和1个新的黄酮甙类成分-新淫羊藿甙(neoicariin,2)已从中药淫羊藿(Epimedium sagittatum)的地上部分分到,新淫羊藿甙(2)的化学结构经光谱分析并通过^1H-^1H COSY,^1H-^1H NOE,HMQC,HMBC等二维核磁共振谱和化学方法鉴定为3,5,7-三羟基-4’-甲氧基-8-(2”,3”-环氧)异戊基黄酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙。     

朝鲜淫羊藿的化学成分（Ⅱ）

从朝鲜淫羊藿的地上部分分离到七个成分（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ）。经ＵＶ,ＩＲ,＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ,＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ,ＭＳ及化学方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别是ｉｃａｒｉｔｉｎ－３－Ｏ－ａ－Ｌ－ｒｈａｍｎｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｉｄｅ（Ⅰ）,ｓａｇｉｔｔａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ａ（Ⅱ）,ｓａｇｉｔｔａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ｂ（Ⅲ）,３,５,７－ｔｒｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌ－４＾１－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１－８－ｐｒｅｎｙ１－ｆｌａｖｏｎｅ－     

淫羊藿对荷兰豚鼠发育的影响

淫羊藿是中医用于治疗小儿麻痹症、神经衰弱、慢性支气管炎的中草药。本文通过从大叶淫羊藿中提取甙类化合物投喂荷兰幼体大白鼠,观察并测定其体重、睾丸增长量、副睾中精子密度及活力,证明该化合物能强烈刺激感觉神经,产生性兴奋的特殊生理作用。     

大孔吸附树脂柱层析分离淫羊藿甙的研究

本文通过考察八种大孔吸附树脂对淫羊藿甙的吸附分离性能,筛选出了AB-8树脂作为分离纯化淫羊藿甙的介质。对该树脂的吸附性能研究表明其对浸提物中的淫羊藿甙有良好的吸附选择性,静态饱和吸附容量和动态吸附容量分别为22．97和16．20mg／mL。通过柱层析实验确定了AB-8树脂分离淫羊藿甙的工艺,经一步层析可将淫羊藿甙的纯度从2．78％提高到27％,回收率达97．3％。     

腺甙的中枢作用

腺甙是包括中枢神经系统细胞外液在内的体液的正常组成成分，其正常水平为０．０３－０．３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。ＡＴＰ合成与分解失衡的条件下明显升高，如缺血时可升高１０００倍这多。腺苷通过腺苷受体对ＣＮＳ具有多方面的生理与病理作用，被认为是ＣＮＳ的抑制神经调质，具有神经保护作用。     

茉莉花的化学成分

从药用植物茉莉花(Jasminum sambac(L．)Ait．)花蕾中分离到9个化合物,通过波谱分析并与已知化合物数据对照,分别鉴定为：苄基-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(1),苄基-O-β-D-木吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(2),tetraol(3),molihuaoside D(4),sarnhcoside A(5),sambacoside E(6),芦丁(rutin)(7),山奈酚-3-O-α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1-2)[α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1-6)]-β-D半乳吡喃糖甙(8),斛皮素-3-O-α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)[α-L鼠李吡喃糖基(1→6)]-β-D-半乳吡喃糖甙(9)。     

白首乌甙A,B和C的结构

从著名中药白首乌(Cynanchum auricutatum Royle ex Wight)根中分离得到7个C_2(?)体甙。其小4个已知物——wilfosidc C3N (Ⅰ), C1N (Ⅱ), C1G (Ⅲ), K1N (Ⅴ),和另外3个新C_(21)甾体甙,命名为白首乌甙A (Ⅵ),B (Ⅶ),C(Ⅳ) (cynauricusidc A, B,C)。经光谱数据分析和化学反应,证明其结构分别为:开德甙元 3-氧-β D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(kidjoranin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-cymaropyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside, Ⅵ);萝藦甙元 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(metaplexigenin -O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranoside,Ⅶ);告达庭 3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基(caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyr     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various