水产养殖饲用微生态制剂研究进展

微生态制剂作为新型饲料添加剂,能够有效调节水产动物营养保健和微生态平衡,减少抗生素使用,是理想的抗生素替代品,对保障高效种养殖、食品安全及环境可持续发展意义重大。我国饲用微生态制剂应用起步较晚且发展较慢,仍面临着难点和挑战。本文介绍了微生态制剂及饲用益生菌在鱼、虾及海参养殖中的应用,基于优良益生菌选育、培养条件优化及混合菌株发酵与制剂应用等生物技术研究现状,总结了近年来水产养殖饲用微生态制剂的研究进展,并对未来微生态制剂研究重点和发展前景进行了展望。     

益生菌剂与益生协同剂的协同作用的研究及应用现状

在微生态理论指导下采用已知有益的微生物 ,经培养、发酵、干燥等特殊工艺制成的生物制剂或活菌制剂称为益生菌剂或动物微生态制剂 ,其主要作用是通过生物夺氧、菌群调整、生物拮抗、提高免疫功能和增强酶活性 ,以达到防治动物肠道病原性腹泻和促生长作用。益生菌剂防治动物肠道疾病的效果显著高于抗生素及其他抗菌药物 ,而促生长作用一般尚未达到抗生素水平。因此为提高益生菌剂的促生长作用 ,人们又积极地进行益生协同剂的研究、开发和应用。从微生态学观点和提高动物生产性能出发 ,益生协同剂是指对体内自身的益生菌和从体外进入体内的益…     

微生态制剂的作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用

近年来,微生态制剂的开发与应用受到社会各界的普遍关注。微生态制剂是一类优质饲料添加剂,具有安全性高、无致病性、毒副作用小和生物功能齐全的特点,包括益生菌、益生元和合生元三类物质,其在维持肠道菌群平衡、促进免疫系统发育及提高机体抗氧化性能等方面具有显著作用,可改善生产性能和健康状况,有利于动物生产优质产品。详细论述了微生态制剂的种类和益生菌、益生元和合生元的作用机制以及国内外关于微生态制剂在动物生产中的应用现状和对喀斯特地区健康养殖的应用潜力,从而为微生态制剂的研究方向及生产应用提供参考。     

现代生物技术与饲用微生态制剂

近年来,使用抗生素的副作用越来越多地受到关注,世界上许多国家已出台相应政策来控制抗生素的使用。但是由于养殖行业的迅猛发展,养殖密度加大,养殖动物病害发病的风险提高,急需可替代抗生素的新型绿色饲料添加剂产品。微生态制剂作为一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,在养殖行业发挥了重要作用。随着饲用微生态制剂产品研发的深入,现代生物技术在提升微生态制剂的理论和应用研究方面发挥着重要作用。PCR、核酸分子杂交、基因工程以及组学等技术已应用于微生物菌种鉴定、基因改良、作用机理等研究中。本文对饲用微生态制剂的研发现状进行了阐述,并综述了现代生物技术在饲用微生态制剂研究中的应用。     

微生物发酵中药饲料添加剂的研究进展

微生物发酵中药饲料添加剂突破性地将中药饲料添加剂和微生态饲料添加剂有机结合,具有提高免疫力、促进动物生长等作用,是替代抗生素的理想饲料添加剂。本文对近几年微生物发酵中药的机理及发酵后药性的变化、微生态饲料添加剂以及微生物发酵中药饲料添加剂进行了阐述。     

益生菌饲料的现状、生产和应用效果(二)

6益生菌的使用效果猪瘟和鸡瘟在我国流行较严重,对集约饲养是很大的威胁,饲喂微生态制剂可有效提高动物体内免疫抗体水平,预防疾病爆发,并提高饲料转化率和产品品质[34],有实验表明,养猪使用微生态制剂,可提高日增重11%,改善饲料转化率     

饲用益生菌及其使用效果

益生菌作为饲料添加剂,可用来代替饲用抗生素,增强免疫力促进动物的健康和生长,提高饲养效率,降低饲养成本,用其代替饲用抗生素,可降低动物产品抗生素残留,抑制耐药性病原菌的发展.本文对益生菌饲料的菌种、制法及其使用效果作了介绍,并对如何利用酶制剂和乳酸发酵生产的大量废菌体作为益生菌来源提出了建议.     

饲用微生物的应用及研究现状

1　饲用微生物应用概况饲用微生物又称益生菌、活菌制剂 ,是近年来出现的一类新型饲料添加剂。它是指由许多有益微生物及其代谢产物和生长促进物质组成的 ,可直接饲喂动物的活菌制剂。具有调节动物胃肠道微生物态平衡、维持胃肠道的正常功能、提高宿主的健康水平 ,从而实现其防病、治病、促进生长等功能。由于它是有益活菌制剂 ,又具有无毒、无副作用、无污染、无残留、不产生抗药性等抗生素所不具备的优点 ,所以倍受关注。在饲料行业和畜牧业用有益微生物替代抗生素作为兽药和饲料添加剂 ,现已得到广泛的重视和应用 ,并显示出其光辉的前景…     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用

微生态制剂的主要作用有 :净化水质、改善养殖水体环境 ;抑制病原微生物 ,提高机体免疫力 ;作为饲料添加剂 ,促进养殖生物生长 ;常用的微生物菌群主要有光合细菌、硝化细菌、芽孢杆菌等。综述了微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用及常用微生物菌群。     

畜禽中药-益生菌复合微生态制剂的研究进展

畜禽中药-益生菌复合微生态制剂是指采用现代发酵技术将益生菌与中药联合发酵,发挥两者的协同作用,以提高畜禽免疫功能、保护畜禽健康的一种新型动物微生态制剂。文中通过调研近几年关于益生菌及中药微生态制剂等方面的文献,综述了畜禽中药-益生菌复合微生态制剂的产生背景及菌种特点,并重点阐述了畜禽中药-益生菌复合微生态制剂的作用机制、在畜禽养殖中的应用及存在问题与建议,以期为畜禽中药-益生菌复合微生态制剂的深入研究提供参考和依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).