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<正> 中国梧桐,在贵州主要用作庭院风景树、城市行道树或公路护道树,是绿化环境的优良树种之一。一些地区由于遭到坡面材小蠹的严重为害,造成健树成片枯死,损失较大。我们对其作了初步研究,报道如下。 一、学名及形态特征 坡面材小蠹Xyleborus interjectus Blandford属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera),齿小蠹科(Ipidae),齿小蠹亚科(lpinae),材小蠹族(Xyleborini),材小蠹属(Xyleborus Eichh.)。 相似文献
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利用引诱剂监测林木主要蛀干害虫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2004~2006年间对浙江省乐清市林木蛀干害虫种类进行调查,结果显示该辖区共有47种蛀干害虫,隶属于8科41属。重点对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope、削尾材小蠹Xyleborus mutilatus Blandford等的成虫活动期林间种群数量动态进行监测。结果表明,松墨天牛林间活动期为4月下旬至11月中旬,6月上旬为高峰期,其诱获的成虫数占监测总数的41.1%,初步显示该虫在浙南地区松林内的种群数量变化规律。同时,还初步了解到削尾材小蠹成虫的活动规律。 相似文献
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湖南省薯蓣属植物资源研究初报 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
王泽斌 《中国野生植物资源》2002,21(1):31-32
通过对湖南省薯蓣属植物资源的研究 ,初步弄清了该地区现有薯蓣属植物 2 7种及 2变种 ,同时对其分布及蕴藏量进行了分析 ,湘西及湘西北地区为湖南省薯蓣属植物资源的分布中心 ,而石门县为盾叶薯蓣分布的中心 ;并对薯蓣皂甙的含量加以了介绍 ,为综合开发利用这一资源提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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外来植物黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis)的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis)是近年来新发现的一种外来植物,隶属菊科黄菊属,为一年牛草本,是较为少见的双子叶C4植物.黄顶菊异常强大的繁殖能力和牛存能力已使其成为一种潜在的入侵植物.对黄顶菊的译名、生物及生态学特性、遗传学及次生代谢产物的研究状况进行了概述;重点对黄菊属植物的系统进化史、光合生理特性与C4途径演化的关系,以及黄顶菊体内碳酸酐酶、NADP-苹果酸酶、苹果酸脱氢酶Rubisco及其活化酶等C4光合重要酶的分子及基因工程研究进行了综述;并对今后的研究提出了展望. 相似文献
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山东山旺中新世植物群研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山旺盆地位于东经118º,北纬36º,是一个中新世中期内陆湖泊沉积盆地。地层内保存了丰富的植物及动物化石。自40年代至今,已对山旺中新世植物群中的大植物化石(87属125种),植物孢粉(41属71种),硅藻(16属45种)及真菌(9属15种)进行了详细的研究。考虑到山旺中新世植物群处于全球气候变化的转折期,对其进行埋藏学,古环境重建等深入细致的研究,对阐明全球中新世气候变化的机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The scolytid beetle, Xyleborus fornicatus Eichoff, which is an important pest of the tea bush in Ceylon, has been reared from egg to adult for the first time in artificial culture with its ambrosial fungus Monacrosporium ambrosium. Deaths in culture were numerous, yet sufficient data on the periods occupied in the different stages were collected to afford an opportunity for testing conclusions derived by the use of less direct methods. Results indicate that temperature materially affects the length of the life cycle and mainly controls the altitudinal distribution of the pest in Ceylon. 相似文献
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Burbano EG Wright MG Gillette NE Mori S Dudley N Jones T Kaufmann M 《Environmental entomology》2012,41(1):133-140
The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a pest of coffee and many endemic Hawaiian plants. Traps baited with chemical attractants commonly are used to capture ambrosia beetles for purposes of monitoring, studying population dynamics, predicting outbreaks, and mass trapping to reduce damage. The objectives of this research were to optimize trapping systems for X. compactus and other ambrosia beetles such as Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) by comparing efficacy of several attractants, repellents, and trap types. The ability of certain chemicals to act as beetle repellents and thus interfere with trap catch was tested for purposes of protecting host plants from attack. Potential attractants and application methods tested were as follows: ethyl alcohol pouch delivery system, ethyl alcohol vial delivery system, α-pinene in Eppendorf tubes, eugenol bubblecaps, ginger oil bubblecaps, manuka oil bubblecaps, phoebe oil bubblecaps, and an unbaited control. Potential repellents tested were limonene and verbenone. Ethyl alcohol vials were as attractive as ethyl alcohol sleeves, and were more effective than traps baited with eugenol and α-pinene. Japanese beetle traps were more effective for black twig borer trapping than Lindgren funnel traps, and were easier to deploy. Verbenone and limonene significantly reduced trap catch of Xylosandrus compactus and X. crassiusculus, suggesting that they may be effective for reducing attraction to host plants. These results show the importance of developing a combination of several monitoring techniques to enhance management procedures for the black twig borer. 相似文献
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Summary The addition of small quantity of potassium acetate to the fertilizer applied to tea bushes was an effective method of reducing infestation by the beetle pest,Xyleborus fornicatus. The mechanism of action of potassium acetate is discussed as being due to its conversion to saponins and/or sterol analogues which interfere with pupation of the beetle larvae. 相似文献
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RAVINDRA SAMPATH WALGAMA MYRON PHILLIP ZALUCKI 《Insect Science》2007,14(4):301-308
The effect of temperature on the rate of development of Xyleborus fornicatus (Eichh.) was determined by rearing individuals under a range of constant temperatures (15 - 32℃). Rates of development changed in a linear fashion over a wide range of temperatures. Estimates of lower development thresholds were obtained for eggs (15.7±0.5℃), larvae (15.8±0.8℃) and pupae (14.3±1.4℃) and the degree days (DD) for development were 70±4.4, 95±8.5 and 72±5.1 DD, respectively. Optimum temperature for development was around 30~C for all stages. Temperature fluctuation in cooler High Country areas (above 1400 m) with a mean temperature around 15℃ seems to be critical for the development of the pest, which may be responsible for the near absence of pest in those areas. Temperature fluctuations (18- 30℃) in the Mid Country region (600- 1200 m) favor the development of the pest compared to development under constant conditions. The altitudinal distribution of the shot-hole borer across tea growing areas in Sri Lanka is, therefore, mainly governed by temperature. 相似文献
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Eucalyptus spp. plantations represent >60% of the reforested area in Brazil. Although ambrosia beetle attacks on live trees were at first nonexistent, they have begun to appear with greater frequency. Monitoring for pest insects is a key factor in integrated pest management, and baited traps are one of the most widely used methods for insect population detection and survey. We compared the efficiency of the most widely used trap in Brazil to survey for ambrosia beetles and other Scolytidae, the ESALQ-84 type, with other traditionally employed traps: the multiple funnel (Lindgren trap); drainpipe; and slot (Theyson) traps, in a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden stand in Brazil. The ESALQ-84 trap was the most efficient in trapping Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood and Hypothenemus obscurus (F.); the multiple funnel trap caught significantly more Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers; whereas the slot trap caught more Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff and Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff than the other traps. The drainpipe trap was the least effective trap overall. When corrected for number of beetles caught per trap surface area, catches were significantly higher on the ESALQ-84 trap for the majority of the species analyzed, probably because of a smaller trap surface area. The slot trap was recommended for it caught overall more beetles of the three most economically important scolytid species in eucalypt plantations in Brazil, P. cavipennis, X. affinis, and X. ferrugineus. 相似文献
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R.L. Wickremasinghe B.P.M. Perera K.P.W.C. Perera 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》1976,4(2):103-110
Analyses of segments of clones of tea bushes, growing in different climatic conditions, indicated that temperature, moisture content, the amount of available α-spinasterol, and saponin level determined the degree of infestation by the shot-hole borer beetle pest, Xyleborus fornicatus. The principal factors affecting α-spinasterol availability were the concentration of the sterol per se, and the levels of saponins, theanine, arginine, calcium and chebulagic acid. It is proposed that α-spinasterol is converted by X. fornicatus to moulting hormones required for pupation of the beetle larvae, and that this sterol is also necessary for spore formation by the ambrosia fungus, Monacrosporium ambrosium, which is associated with the female adult beetle; tea saponins are inhibitory to the development of both the ambrosia fungus and X. fornicatus. The distribution of amino acids, fiavanols and other polyphenols, saponins, α-spinasterol, α-spinasterol glycoside, β-amyrin epi-friedelinol, friedelin and oleanolic acid throughout the tea bush, at periods of 6–40 months after pruning, is described. 相似文献
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通过植物的采集、培育和选种,获得了海芋、合果芋、蜘蛛兰和密穗砖子苗等4种同时具备去碳、脱氮、除磷和积累重金属的高效修复植物,并对这些植物修复污染水体的性能进行了研究.结果表明,这4种植物均能有效地处理有机物和重金属复合污染水体.鲜重55-60g的植物,处理10LBOD5、CODCr、TP、TN、Cu2+和Cr6+浓度分别为140、280、6,8、40、10和10mg·L-1的模拟水样14d后,上述指标的去除率分别高达80%、72%、64%、53%、75%和68%以上,植物的促进作用分别为32%、27%、27%、28%、37%和19%以上.处理后水样的pH和DO分别为6.63~7.63和3.02~3.84mg·L-1. 相似文献
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Paul E. Kendra Larissa Guillén Nurhayat Tabanca Wayne S. Montgomery Elena Q. Schnell Mark A. Deyrup Kevin R. Cloonan 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2023,25(2):285-302
- The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the mycopathogen that causes laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Since being detected in Georgia, USA in 2002, this invasive pest has become established in 11 additional states.
- With continued spread, X. glabratus will likely enter Mexico. In advance of this event, this study was initiated to assess the risk posed to eight native laurels and Hass avocados, the predominant cultivar grown in Mexico.
- Wood bolts from each species were used in (a) field tests to determine the relative attraction of female X. glabratus, (b) laboratory bioassays to evaluate boring preferences, and (c) GC–MS analyses to identify host kairomones. For comparison, tests included control bolt treatments consisting of silkbay (an attractive U.S. laurel) and Simmonds avocado (a Florida cultivar susceptible to laurel wilt).
- Hass avocado and two native laurels (Persea schiedeana and Ocotea heribertoi vel aff.) were highly attractive to females and elicited strong boring responses. These species were high in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including α-copaene and α-cubebene.
- Results of this study suggest that X. glabratus could become a serious agricultural and forest pest upon incursion into Mexico, with severe economic and ecological impacts.
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In spring 2002, ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infested an intensively managed 22-ha tree plantation on the upper coastal plain of South Carolina. Nearly 3,500 scolytids representing 28 species were captured in ethanol-baited traps from 18 June 2002 to 18 April 2004. More than 88% of total captures were exotic species. Five species [Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmermann), Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, and Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff]) were collected in South Carolina for the first time. Of four tree species in the plantation, eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides Bartram, was the only one attacked, with nearly 40% of the trees sustaining ambrosia beetle damage. Clone ST66 sustained more damage than clone S7C15. ST66 trees receiving fertilization were attacked more frequently than trees receiving irrigation, irrigation + fertilization, or controls, although the number of S7C15 trees attacked did not differ among treatments. The study location is near major shipping ports; our results demonstrate the necessity for intensive monitoring programs to determine the arrival, spread, ecology, and impact of exotic scolytids. 相似文献
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The research field of animal and plant symbioses is advancing from studying interactions between two species to whole communities of associates. High-throughput sequencing of microbial communities supports multiplexed sampling for statistically robust tests of hypotheses about symbiotic associations. We focus on ambrosia beetles, the increasingly damaging insects primarily associated with fungal symbionts, which have also been reported to support bacteria. To analyze the diversity, composition, and specificity of the beetles' prokaryotic associates, we combine global sampling, insect anatomy, 454 sequencing of bacterial rDNA, and multivariate statistics to analyze prokaryotic communities in ambrosia beetle mycangia, organs mostly known for transporting symbiotic fungi. We analyze six beetle species that represent three types of mycangia and include several globally distributed species, some with major economic importance (Dendroctonus frontalis, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus-ferrugineus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus). Ninety-six beetle mycangia yielded 1,546 bacterial phylotypes. Several phylotypes appear to form the core microbiome of the mycangium. Three Mycoplasma (originally thought restricted to vertebrates), two Burkholderiales, and two Pseudomonadales are repeatedly present worldwide in multiple beetle species. However, no bacterial phylotypes were universally present, suggesting that ambrosia beetles are not obligately dependent on bacterial symbionts. The composition of bacterial communities is structured by the host beetle species more than by the locality of origin, which suggests that more bacteria are vertically transmitted than acquired from the environment. The invasive X. glabratus and the globally distributed X. crassiusculus have unique sets of bacteria, different from species native to North America. We conclude that the mycangium hosts in multiple vertically transmitted bacteria such as Mycoplasma, most of which are likely facultative commensals or parasites. 相似文献