中国钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya sanguinolenta种团两新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya DahIbom红足种团Macrophya sanguinoknta group 2新种,花跗钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya coloritarsalina Wei et Li,sp.nov.和长柄钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya longipetiolata Wei et Zhong,sp.nov..前者属于红足种团的中环白亚种团M.depressina subgroup,后者属于红足种团的红股红胫亚种团M.sanguinolenta subgroup.新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

中国叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)两新种

记述中国叶蜂科叶蜂属2新种:平突翠绿叶蜂Tenthredo flatotrunca Wei et Hu,sp.nov.和角斑长突叶蜂Tenthredo triangulimacula Wei et Hu,sp.nov..前者属于叶蜂属翠绿叶蜂种团Tenthredo trunca group,后者属于叶蜂属长突叶蜂种团Tenthredo triangulifera group.简要讨论了翠绿叶蜂种团和长突叶蜂种团的特征与种类分布状况.提供了长突叶蜂种团分种检索表.新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya annulitibia种团二新种及分种检索表（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述采自中国四川和西藏钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya Dahlbom环胫钩瓣叶蜂种团M annulitibia group 2新种:凯文钩瓣叶蜂 Macrophya kaiweni Liu,Li&Wei sp.nov.和拟盛氏钩瓣叶蜂 M.pseudoshengi Liu,Li&Wei sp.nov.;提供了 M.annulitibia group中国已知种类检索表和分布图.     

中国叶蜂属两新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国叶蜂科Tenthredinidae叶蜂属Tenthredo2新种,三斑槌腹叶蜂Tenthredo trixanthomacula Wei et Yan,sp.nov.和褐跗短角叶蜂Tenthredo rubitarsalitia W ei et Xu,sp.nov.。前者隶属于槌腹种团T.formosana group,后者隶属于短角种团T.potanini group。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫系统与进化生物学实验室昆虫模式标本室(CSCS)。     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属三新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述采自中国甘肃的钩瓣叶蜂属3新种,肿跗钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya incrassitarsalia Wei et Wu,sp.nov.,黑体钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya melanosomata Wei et Xin,sp.nov.和白转钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya leucotrochanterata Wei et Li,sp.nov..新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属黄斑钩瓣叶蜂种团一新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述中国西藏钩瓣叶蜂属黄斑钩瓣叶蜂种团Macrophya flavomaculata group 1新种:横斑钩瓣叶蜂M.transmaculata Li,LiuWei sp.nov.。     

中国叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)OBSOLETA-MESOMELA种团二新种

记述采自中国境内叶蜂属obsoleta-mesomela种团2新种:粗纹窄突叶蜂Tenthredo paraobsoleta Wei et Liu,sp.nov.和粗纹低突叶蜂Tenthredo pseudomesomela Wei et Li,sp.nov..前者属于obsoleta亚种团,后者属于mesomela亚种团.新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

中国大基叶蜂亚科三新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国大基叶蜂亚科3新种:宽斑大基叶蜂Beleses latimaculatus Wei et Niu,sp.nov.,黑毛大基叶蜂Beleses nigropilosus Wei et Niu,sp.nov.和黄褐凹跗叶蜂Eusunoxa fulvitarsis Wei et Xue,sp.nov.。     

内蒙古贺兰山突瓣叶蜂亚科两新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述采自内蒙古贺兰山的中国突瓣叶蜂亚科2新种:刺瓣槌缘叶蜂Pristiphora spinivalviceps sp.nov.和褐痣拟栉叶蜂Priophorus fulvostigmatus sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属红足种团MACROPHYA KOREANA亚种团两新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

讨论了钩瓣叶蜂属红足种团的亚种团分类,简要分析了欧亚大陆和日本分布的钩瓣叶蜂属红足种团种类状况.记述了采自中国的钩瓣叶蜂属红足种团2新种:大别山钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya dabieshanica Wei et Xu,sp.nov.和刘氏钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya liui Wei et Li,sp.nov..新种均隶属于钩瓣叶蜂属红足种团的M.koreana亚种团;编制了红足种团M.loreana亚种团已知种类检索表.建立狭片种团M.montana group新群,包括5个欧洲种类:M.diaphenia Benson 1968,M.postica(Brulle,1832),M.rufipes(L.,1758),M.superba Tischbein,1852和M.diversipes(Schrank,1782).     

Energetics of newly-mated queens and colony founding in the fungus-gardening ants Cyphomyrmex rimosus and Trachymyrmex septentrionalis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract.  The energetics of colony founding is investigated in the fungus gardening ants (Attini) Trachymyrmex septentrionalis and Cyphomyrmex rimosus . Similar to most ants, inseminated queens of these two species found nests independently unaccompanied by workers (haplometrosis). Whereas most ant founding queens seal themselves in a chamber and do not feed when producing a brood entirely from metabolic stores (claustral founding), the majority of fungus gardening ants must forage during the founding phase (semiclaustral founding). Laboratory-reared T. septentrionalis individuals comprise 84 dealate females collected after mating flights in June 2004. Twenty are immediately killed to obtain values for queen traits and another 20 after worker emergence for queen, fungus garden and worker traits. Cyphomyrmex rimosus comprise 22 dealate females collected in June 2005; ten of which are immediately killed and similarly prepared. Newly-mated T. septentrionalis queens have 25% of their dry weight as fat; whereas newly-mated C. rimosus queens contain 11% fat. These amounts are 50–75% less than most independently founding ant species. Trachymyrmex septentrionalis queens lose merely 5% of their energetic content during colony founding, whereas the total energetic content of their brood is more than three-fold the amount lost by the queen. Incipient T. septentrionalis colonies produce approximately half as much ant biomass per gram of fungus garden as do mature colonies. Similar to most ants, T. septentrionalis produces minim workers that are approximately 40% lighter than workers from mature colonies. Regardless of their size, T. septentrionalis workers contain much lower fat than do workers of claustral species. These data indicate that fungus gardening is adaptive because colonies can produce much cheaper offspring, making colony investment much lower.     

Anatomy and ontogeny of unisexual flowers in dioecious Woonyoungia septentrionalis （Dandy） Law （Magnoliaceae）

Woonyoungia septentrionalis （Dandy） Law is aceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliare conspicuously different from other species and are important to the study of floral phylogeny in this family. The floral anatomy and ontogeny were investigated to evaluate the systematic position of W. septentrionalis, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All of the floral organs are initiated acropetally and spirally. The carpels are of conduplicated type without the differentiation of stigma and style. The degenerated stamens in the female flowers have the same structures as the normal stamens at the earlier developmental stages, but they do not undergo successive development and eventually degenerate. The male floral apex was observed to have the remnants of carpels in a few investigated samples. As the bisexual flower features could be traced both in the male and female flowers in W. septentrionalis, it suggests that the flower sex in Magnoliaceae tends toward unisexual. As well as the unisexual flowers, the reduced tepals and carpels and concrescence of carpels conform to the specialized tendency in Magnoliaceae, which confirms the derived position of W. septentrionalis in this family. As the initiation pattern of floral parts of W. septentrionalis is very similar to other species in this family, it needs further investigation and especially comparison with species in Kmeria to evaluate the separation of Woonyoungia.     

珍稀濒危植物单性木兰传粉生态学研究

野外定位观测了单性木兰的花期物候、访花昆虫种类、访花频率、访花行为和同花期植物种类,并对其花粉散播距离和繁育系统进行了检测,旨在探讨制约单性木兰传粉过程的某些因素,为单性木兰的保护生物学提供科学依据。结果表明,单性木兰雄株和雌株在花期物候上存在差异,雌株在结实上存在明显的大小年现象。单性木兰以虫媒传粉为主,雄株访花昆虫30种,雌株访花昆虫仅14种,雌株和雄株共有的访花昆虫仅6种。单性木兰同花期植物共17种,其访花昆虫种类大部分与单性木兰的访花昆虫种类相同。蜂类和蝶类均非单性木兰的传粉者,其结实率低的原因不仅与访花昆虫种类少和访花频率少有关,更与其缺乏有效的传粉昆虫有关。     

First records of Synoeca septentrionalis Richards, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest

Nests of Synoeca septentrionalis were collected in two Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest localities (Itabuna and Santa Terezinha, in the state of Bahia and Alfredo Chaves in the state of Espírito Santo). Synoeca septentrionalis was previously recorded only from Central America and northwestern South America. This findingextends its geographical distribution to Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil, and represents the first record for Synoeca septentrionalis in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain forest, raising to three the number of Synoeca species known from Bahia State.     

The genus Coleodactylus (Sphaerodactylinae, Gekkota) revisited: a molecular phylogenetic perspective

Nucleotide sequence data from a mitochondrial gene (16S) and two nuclear genes (c-mos, RAG-1) were used to evaluate the monophyly of the genus Coleodactylus, to provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among its species in a cladistic framework, and to estimate the relative timing of species divergences. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the combined data sets retrieved Coleodactylus as a monophyletic genus, although weakly supported. Species were recovered as two genetically and morphological distinct clades, with C. amazonicus populations forming the sister taxon to the meridionalis group (C. brachystoma, C. meridionalis, C. natalensis, and C. septentrionalis). Within this group, C. septentrionalis was placed as the sister taxon to a clade comprising the rest of the species, C. meridionalis was recovered as the sister species to C. brachystoma, and C. natalensis was found nested within C. meridionalis. Divergence time estimates based on penalized likelihood and Bayesian dating methods do not support the previous hypothesis based on the Quaternary rain forest fragmentation model proposed to explain the diversification of the genus. The basal cladogenic event between major lineages of Coleodactylus was estimated to have occurred in the late Cretaceous (72.6+/-1.77 Mya), approximately at the same point in time than the other genera of Sphaerodactylinae diverged from each other. Within the meridionalis group, the split between C. septentrionalis and C. brachystoma+C. meridionalis was placed in the Eocene (46.4+/-4.22 Mya), and the divergence between C. brachystoma and C. meridionalis was estimated to have occurred in the Oligocene (29.3+/-4.33 Mya). Most intraspecific cladogenesis occurred through Miocene to Pliocene, and only for two conspecific samples and for C. natalensis could a Quaternary differentiation be assumed (1.9+/-1.3 Mya).     

濒危植物单性木兰群落优势种群生态位研究

以分布样地类型作为一维资源位,应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠以及生态位相似比例公式对单性木兰乔木层14个群落优势种群的生态位特征分析。结果表明:(1)单性木兰具有最大位宽度,对环境资源的利用具有明显优势,是群落中的建群种;(2)生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠,生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠,这主要取决于物种的生物学特性和对环境资源的需求;(3)单性木兰分布地的坡向、基岩裸露度、坡度等因子是影响单性木兰分布的重要因子。     

单性木兰属(木兰科)植物的分类学订正

根据对单性木兰属Kmeria(Pierre)Dandy植物标本的研究和野外调查,补充描述了该属的一些形态特征,纠正了前人对该属描述中的一些错误,阐述了保留单性木兰属的理由,列出了分种检索表,将焕镛木属Woon-youngiaLaw和单性木兰组MagnoliaLinn.sect.Kmeria(Pierre)Figlar&Noot.作为单性木兰属的新异名,将焕镛木Woonyoungiaseptentrionalis(Dandy)Law和广西木兰MagnoliakwangsiensisFiglar&Noot.作为单性木兰KmeriaseptentrionalisDandy的新异名。     

Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana)

The members of the Aquarana (or Rana catesbeiana species group) form a well-supported monophyletic clade but phylogenetic relationships between species within the group are incompletely understood. Peptides that differentially inhibited the growth of bacteria were purified from electrically stimulated skin secretions of the carpenter frog Rana virgatipes. Structural characterization identified members of the ranatuerin-2 (3 peptides) and temporin (3-peptides) families, previously found in the skins of R. catesbeiana, R. clamitans, R. grylio and R. septentrionalis. Ranalexin, a peptide previously found only in the Aquarana, was isolated together with a variant (FFGLHNLVPSMLCVVRKKC) that lacks the propensity to adopt an alpha-helical conformation and so was devoid of antimicrobial activity. Two C-terminally alpha-amidated peptides belonging to the brevinin-2 family were isolated from the skin secretions that, like an ortholog from R. septentrionalis, lacked the C-terminal cyclic heptapeptide domain associated with members of this family. Ranatuerin-1, previously isolated from R. catesbeiana, R. clamitans and R. grylio but absent from R. septentrionalis, was also not identified in R. virgatipes. Synthetic replicates of temporin-1Va (FLSSIGKILGNLL.NH2), temporin-IVb (FLSIIAKVLGSLF.NH2) and temporin-1Vc (FLPLVTMLLGKLF.NH2) potently inhibited growth of Gram-positive bacteria (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Temporin-1Va was also active against Gram-negative bacteria and the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida albicans and had relatively weak hemolytic activity (LD50=120 microM) and may therefore represent a candidate for drug development. Our data support the placement of R. virgatipes in the Aquarana and indicate a closer phylogenetic relationship of R. virgatipes with R. septentrionalis than with R. catesbeiana, R. clamitans and R. grylio.     

极危植物焕镛木的群落学特征及其保护

对广西罗城大黄泥常绿阔叶林进行样方调查,分析了极危植物焕镛木(Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy)taw)群落的组成结构特征.1200 m2样地内有维管植物129种,隶属57科103属,以热带属占绝对优势;优势科为樟科、壳斗科、茜草科等.群落中焕镛木为优势种,重要值最大,为35.06,其次为粗丝木、红锥,重要值分别为22.09和19.66,因此,本群落可命名为焕镛木-粗丝木-红锥群落(Woonyoungia septentrionalis+Gomphandra tetrandra+Castanopsis hickelii Community).群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层(3亚层)、灌木层和草本层3个层次,层间植物丰富.生活型以中、小高位芽为主,占67.18%.叶型以中、小型革质单叶为主.种群频度分布规律为A>B>CE,属于A级的种类占优势,为总种数的41.09%.乔木径级以小径级为主.焕镛木是我国南亚热带常绿阔叶林中非常珍稀濒危的物种,希望有关部门尽快在此设立保护区,以保护焕镛木的种质基因资源.     

Purification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis)

Skin secretions were obtained from male, female, and juvenile specimens of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis) by electric stimulation and shown to contain 10 peptides that differentially inhibited the growth of microorganisms. The elution profiles of secretions from the three groups following reverse-phase HPLC were almost identical indicating that there were no major sexual or developmental differences in chemical composition. Four peptides of the brevinin-1 family, with potent antimicrobial activity and strong hemolytic activity, two members of ranatuerin-2 family and three members of the temporin family, were purified and characterized structurally. A 21-amino-acid C-terminally alpha-amidated peptide (GIWDTIKSMGKVFAGKILQNL.NH(2)) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was also isolated from the skin secretions. This peptide shows limited structural similarity with the N-terminal region of brevinin-2 peptides previously isolated from R. temporaria skin but lacks the C-terminal cyclic heptapeptide domain associated with this family. Molecular and morphological data support the placement of R. septentrionalis in the R. catesbeiana species group, but analysis based upon the distribution of the molecular forms of the antimicrobial peptides is indicative of a closer phylogenetic relationship between R. septentrionalis and the frogs of the R. pipiens and R. boylii groups.