脑血管血液动力学分析仪(MEDENG CBA CV-300)

脑血管疾病是威胁人类生命和健康的三大疾病之一。目前用于检测脑血管功能、诊断脑血管疾病的临床仪器基本上有两类:一类观察脑血管几何形态(如MRI、CT等),可直接观察脑血管的病变,另一类可检测脑血管局部区域血流量分布或局部血管中的血流速度(如同位素示踪法、TCD等)。但至今仍没有有效的可直接检测、反映脑血管硬化程度、阻力大小及其他脑血管动力学特征的检测手段。     

KF-3000脑循环分析仪

KF-3000脑循环分析仪是上海匡复医疗设备发展有限公司和复旦大学联合研究基础上开发的新一代的脑循环动力学检测与分析仪器。它通过无创检测颈动脉的血流速度、血液压力、血管管径和人体血压,以及颅内大脑两侧前、中、后动脉及椎动脉的血流速度．运用脑循环动力学模型和专用计算软件来计算分析反映脑循环功能状况的脑血管动力学参数。     

基于集中参数模型的脑血管疾病数值模拟

脑血管疾病的血流动力研究一直是和脑血管疾病的预防和诊断密切相关的,由于脑部血流循环是一个四端输入的网络,其复杂性导致它的血液动力学规律和体循环有着本质的差别,讨论脑循环这模型和临床应用有着重要的意义,本文使用集中参数模型来模拟三种常见的脑血管疾病;脑动脉硬化,脑梗塞,锁骨下动脉盗血,考察其对相应脑血管的压力和流量的影响,结果显示脑部血液循环的代偿功能在发病情况下的重要作用,本文通过分析数值模拟结果,对不同疾病的血液动力学特征进行研究,给脑血管疾病的临床诊断提供血液动力学方面的参考。     

KF-3000脑循环分析仪

KF-3000脑循环分析仪是上海匡复医疗设备发展有限公司和复旦大学联合研究基础上开发的新一代的脑循环动力学检测与分析仪器。它通过无创检测颈动脉的血流速度、血液压力、血管管径和人体血压,以及颅内大脑两侧前、中、后动脉及椎动脉的血流速度,运用脑循环动力学模型和专用计算软件来计算分析反映脑循环功能状况的脑血管动力学参数。     

KF-3000脑循环分析仪

KF-3000脑循环分析仪是上海匡复医疗设备发展有限公司和复旦大学联合研究基础上开发的新一代的脑循环动力学检测与分析仪器。它通过无创检测颈动脉的血流速度、血液压力、血管管径和人体血压,以及颅内大脑两侧前、中、后动脉及椎动脉的血流速度,运用脑循环动力学模型和专用计算软件来计算分析反映脑循环功能状况的脑血管动力学参数。     

KF-3000脑循环分析仪

KF-3000脑循环分析仪是上海匡复医疗设备发展有限公司和复旦大学联合研究基础上开发的新一代的脑循环动力学检测与分析仪器。它通过无创检测颈动脉的血流速度、血液压力、血管管径和人体血压,以及颅内大脑两侧前、中、后动脉及椎动脉的血流速度,运用脑循环动力学模型和专用计算软件来计算分析反映脑循环功能状况的脑血管动力学参数。     

植物ms 级叶绿素荧光动力学数据采集和分析软件

本文介绍了一套可在IBM PC(兼容)微机上运行的植物ms级荧光动力学数据采集和分析软件。本软件用C语言写成,具有汉化界面、菜单驱动、彩色人机对话窗口、操作简便、灵活,兼容性好等优点。本文着重讨论了本软件如何减少荧光动力学测量中的误差、在不过分占用内存的情况下扩大采样时间范围以及如何精确测量固定荧光(Fo)和偏转荧光(Fi)等问题。本软件和我们自行组装的植物ms级动力学荧光计——植物产量荧光计PFM-101型可广泛应用于农业、植物生态学及植物生理学的光合测量和研究。     

植物ms级叶绿素荧光动力学数据采集和分析软件

本文介绍了一套可在ＩＢＭＰＣ（兼容）微机上运行的植物ｍｓ级荧光动力学数据采集和分析软件。本软件用Ｃ语言写成,具有汉化界面、菜单驱动、彩色人机对话窗口、操作简便、灵活,兼容性好等优点。本文着重讨论了本软件如何减少荧光动力学测量中的误差、在不过分占用内存的情况下扩大采样时间范围以及如何精确测量固定荧光（Ｆｏ）和偏转荧光（Ｆｉ）等问题。本软件和我们自行组装的植物ｍｓ级动力学荧光计———植物产量荧光计ＰＦＭ１０１型可广泛应用于农业、植物生态学及植物生理学的光合测量和研究     

颅内压动力学仿真

颅内压(Intracranial Pressure,ICP)研究在临床上有十分重要的意义。生理上由于内外多种原因会引起颅内压变化,而同时心搏、呼吸、以及神经调节等的影响也会使颅内压出现波动。本研究在动物(犬)实验结果的基础上,建立了反映颅内压变化的集中参数数学模型。模型中包括了脑血管床、脑脊液的生成和吸收、颅脑顺应性等模块以及这些模块之间的相互作用。脑血管顺应性是表征脑血管弹性程度的重要参量,仿真采用指数拟合的脑血管容积压力实验关系来表示脑血管顺应性。模型较好地模拟了颅内压动力学以及颅内压的波动,模型参数的变化和动物实验状况的变化相吻合,可以为临床颅内压监护及诊疗提供一定的参考。     

脑循环功能检测技术近三十年进展

脑循环功能的异常改变往往早于形态学和影像学改变,这对于脑血管的早期检测以及治疗过程中疗效的评价有显著意义。国内外脑循环功能检测技术的发展已有30年左右的历史,本文综述了脑循环动力学参数的生理背景及脑循环功能检测技术近年来的发展。     

新版Tilia软件:中文指南和使用技巧*

Tilia软件一直是微体古生物学特别是孢粉学科使用最为普遍的一款专业计算机程序。该软件主要将样品数据经统计计算分析,将每个样品化石科属类型含量以图谱的形式依据地层深度或时间顺序排列显示,使化石数据转换为地层图式。基于各科属特别是优势或建群类型含量上下层位变化特点和规律,划分生物组合带,以图的形式直观解读生物群落的地史演替和环境变化等科学问题。由于此软件一直在英文语境下运行,功能多样,操作较为复杂,往往令国内初学者难以入手和深入。本文将以新版Tilia 2.0.45软件为对象,基于先期积累的使用经验,结合我国学者的思维方式,通过简单的孢粉数据实例,图解步骤和过程,力求通俗易懂。为此,推出"基础版"和"高阶版"两种使用说明以满足不同层次的人员需求,前者针对初学者旨在短时间内快速入门掌握孢粉百分比图谱制作的基本技巧,后者面向有一定操作经验学者力求在浓度图谱、通量图谱及"深度-年代"模型和Neotoma全球生态数据库等方面拓展提高。     

Cardiac rehabilitation adapted to transient ischaemic attack and stroke (CRAFTS): a randomised controlled trial

Background  

Coronary Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease share many predisposing, modifiable risk factors (hypertension, abnormal blood lipids and lipoproteins, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and diabetes mellitus). Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapy are recognised as the cornerstones of secondary prevention. Cochrane review has proven the benefits of programmes incorporating exercise and lifestyle counselling in the cardiac disease population. A Cochrane review highlighted as priority, the need to establish feasibility and efficacy of exercise based interventions for Cerebrovascular Disease.     

THE KINETICS OF PENETRATION : XVI. THE ACCUMULATION OF AMMONIA IN LIGHT AND DARKNESS

The accumulation of ammonia takes place more rapidly in light than in darkness. The accumulation appears to go on until a steady state is attained. The steady state concentration of ammonia in the sap is about twice as great in light as in darkness. Both effects are possibly due to the fact that the external pH (and hence the concentration of undissociated ammonia) outside is raised by photosynthesis. Certain "permeability constants" have been calculated. These indicate that the rate is proportional to the concentration gradient across the protoplasm of NH₄ X which is formed by the interaction of NH₃ or NH₄OH and HX, an acid elaborated in the protoplasm. The results are interpreted to mean that HX is produced only at the sap-protoplasm interface and that on the average its concentration there is about 7 times as great as at the sea water-protoplasm interface. This ratio of HX at the two surfaces also explains why the concentration of undissociated ammonia in the steady state is about 7 times as great in the sea water as in the sap. The permeability constant P'''''' appears to be greater in the dark. This is possibly associated with an increase in the concentration of HX at both interfaces, the ratio at the two surfaces, however, remaining about the same. The pH of sap has been determined by a new method which avoids the loss of gas (CO₂), an important source of error. The results indicate that the pH rises during accumulation but the extent of this rise is smaller than has hitherto been supposed. As in previous experiments, the entering ammonia displaced a practically equivalent amount of potassium from the sap and the sodium concentration remained fairly constant. It seems probable that the pH increase is due to the entrance of small amounts of NH₃ or NH₄OH in excess of the potassium lost as a base.     

乳酸菌微机检索软件的开发

以现有乳酸菌信息为依据,利用汉字foxbase^＋2．10进行数据处理,研制出一套乳酸菌微机检索软件。该软件的特点：检索速度快,途径灵活,增添、修改、删除、打印方便,各模块性能优良,实用性强。     

白蚁巢系破坏堤坝稳定性的研究

黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes Formosanus是我国南方诸省严重危害堤坝的主要白蚁种。它的巢居结构严重破坏土质堤坝工程,常常形成险情或“千里金堤,溃于蚁穴”。 我们的试验说明了黑翅土白蚁的巢居结构破坏堤坝工程的原理,为防治白蚁提供理论依据。     

THE KINETICS OF PENETRATION : XV. THE RESTRICTION OF THE CELLULOSE WALL

When Valonia cells are impaled on capillaries, it is in some ways equivalent to removing the comparatively inelastic cellulose wall. Under these conditions sap can migrate into a free space and it is found that on the average the rate of increase of volume of the sap is 15 times what it is in intact cells kept under comparable conditions. The rate of increase of volume is a little faster during the first few hours of the experiment, but it soon becomes approximately linear and remains so as long as the experiment is continued. The slightly faster rate at first may mean that the osmotic pressure of the sap is approaching that of the sea water (in the intact cell the sap osmotic pressure is always slightly above that of the sea water). This might result from a more rapid entrance of water than of electrolyte, as would be expected when the restriction of the cellulose wall was removed. During the linear part of the curve the osmotic concentration and the composition of the sap suffer no change, so that entrance of electrolyte must be 15 times as fast in the impaled cells as it is in the intact cells. The explanation which best accords with the facts is that in the intact cell the entrance of electrolyte tends to increase the osmotic pressure. As a consequence the protoplasm is partially dehydrated temporarily and it cannot take up more water until the cellulose wall grows so that it can enclose more volume. The dehydration of the protoplasm may have the effect of making the non-aqueous protoplasm less permeable to electrolytes by reducing the diffusion and partition coefficients on which the rate of entrance depends. In this way the cell is protected against great fluctuations in the osmotic concentration of the sap.     

THE BIOLOGY OF SPECIATION

Since Darwin published the “Origin,” great progress has been made in our understanding of speciation mechanisms. The early investigations by Mayr and Dobzhansky linked Darwin's view of speciation by adaptive divergence to the evolution of reproductive isolation, and thus provided a framework for studying the origin of species. However, major controversies and questions remain, including: When is speciation nonecological? Under what conditions does geographic isolation constitute a reproductive isolating barrier? and How do we estimate the “importance” of different isolating barriers? Here, we address these questions, providing historical background and offering some new perspectives. A topic of great recent interest is the role of ecology in speciation. “Ecological speciation” is defined as the case in which divergent selection leads to reproductive isolation, with speciation under uniform selection, polyploid speciation, and speciation by genetic drift defined as “nonecological.” We review these proposed cases of nonecological speciation and conclude that speciation by uniform selection and polyploidy normally involve ecological processes. Furthermore, because selection can impart reproductive isolation both directly through traits under selection and indirectly through pleiotropy and linkage, it is much more effective in producing isolation than genetic drift. We thus argue that natural selection is a ubiquitous part of speciation, and given the many ways in which stochastic and deterministic factors may interact during divergence, we question whether the ecological speciation concept is useful. We also suggest that geographic isolation caused by adaptation to different habitats plays a major, and largely neglected, role in speciation. We thus provide a framework for incorporating geographic isolation into the biological species concept (BSC) by separating ecological from historical processes that govern species distributions, allowing for an estimate of geographic isolation based upon genetic differences between taxa. Finally, we suggest that the individual and relative contributions of all potential barriers be estimated for species pairs that have recently achieved species status under the criteria of the BSC. Only in this way will it be possible to distinguish those barriers that have actually contributed to speciation from those that have accumulated after speciation is complete. We conclude that ecological adaptation is the major driver of reproductive isolation, and that the term “biology of speciation,” as proposed by Mayr, remains an accurate and useful characterization of the diversity of speciation mechanisms.     

THE PARACRYSTALLINE STATE OF THE RAT RED CELL

When washed rat red cells are kept in 3 per cent sodium citrate at low temperatures (4–9°C.), their resistance to osmotic hemolysis increases so that after several days they swell very little in hypotonic solutions (R = 0.15 to zero) and do not hemolyze even in distilled water. In this and in other respects they behave as if they were gelated or paracrystalline. The paracrystalline state is reversible, disappearing when the cells are warmed and rapidly reappearing when they are cooled, and the resistance to hypotonic hemolysis is not due to the cells reaching equilibrium with their environment by losing so much K that the concentrations become equal inside and out. The concentration of K remains about 25 times as great inside the cell as outside it in a hypotonic medium of T = 0.1, and the failure to swell and to hemolyze seems to be due to the activity of K in the interior of the paracrystalline cell approaching zero. The paracrystalline red cells are more resistant to saponin and digitonin hemolysis, and do not undergo the usual shape transformations, probably because they are too rigid. Hemolysis by saponin and similar lysins occurs without sphere formation, and after lysis is complete a granular debris is left behind. The paracrystalline cells show a diffuse birefringence with polarized light; on their being warmed, the birefringence disappears except at foci which are usually situated along the rim of the cell. The occurrence of the paracrystalline state accounts for the different amounts of swelling of red cells which have been observed in systems of the same degree of hypotonicity, and its relation to other metastable states of the red cell is discussed in connection with a tabulation of the metastable states of the mammalian red cell and their relation to one another. Changes in a membrane alone seem inadequate to account for the varied phenomena observed in connection with red cell behavior, the explanation of which appears to require a more detailed knowledge of the molecular architecture of the cell interior.     

蒲洼农业生态系统能流的稳定性及其动态

在研究生态系统结构及功能的基础上,本文基于１９７５－１９９０年的数据,对蒲洼农业生态系统能流的稳定性及其动态进行了分析。通过建立能流模型,由李雅普诺夫稳定性原理,得出该生态系统能流的平衡态具有渐近稳定性。动态数学模拟表明,目前该系统的能量流动正从不稳定状态向稳定和平衡态过渡,这一过程大约需要７ａ时间。     

THE EFFECT OF MANURES ON THE BOLTING OF THE BEET PLANT

In sugar beet, the effect on bolting of additions of potash manures, of superphosphate, and of the mixture of these was not significant, whether applied at the time of sowing or previously. Dung applied in the previous autumn slightly increased the number of plants which went to seed, and when applied just before sowing it had a more marked effect. An amount of sulphate of ammonia which would have approximately the same stimulating effect as the dung gave a slightly larger amount of bolting.
On red beetroot, it was possible to compare larger and smaller dressings of various coarse organic manures, and of each of these with and without dressings of sulphate of ammonia. In all cases the sulphate of ammonia and each of the organic manures largely increased the amount of bolting, and a doubling of the organic manure dressing or the addition of sulphate of ammonia to it caused a further increase. Sewage sludge gave an abnormally large amount of bolting, but it is doubtful whether this was due to the larger amount of organic matter and nitrogen applied in this manure. In general, any manurial addition causing more vigorous growth leads to an increase in bolting. There is a very large variation in the amount of running to seed in the crop of red beetroot from different parts of the same field, but the effect of the manures on the proportion which bolted was not widely different.
The general question as to the reason why beet plants should bolt more in one season than in another is discussed, and it is suggested that a check to the plants in an early stage, whether caused by dryness or waterlogging, or by low temperature, followed by a vigorous growing period may have something to do with the matter. This would agree with the experiences recorded in the present paper.