表观遗传修饰介导的植物胁迫记忆

植物因其固着生长的方式, 已经进化出各类特殊的机制来适应多变的外界环境。为提高自身的存活率, 植物进化出一类胁迫记忆机制, 以适应环境和保护自己。表观遗传修饰不仅能调控植物的正常生长发育, 而且参与植物对各种非生物或生物胁迫的响应。近年的研究表明, 表观遗传修饰在植物胁迫记忆调控中也发挥重要作用。例如, DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化及乙酰化等表观遗传修饰参与并维持特定的胁迫记忆。该文主要对表观遗传修饰介导的植物胁迫记忆最新进展进行综述, 并展望未来的重点和热点研究方向。     

表观遗传修饰介导的植物胁迫记忆

植物因其固着生长的方式, 已经进化出各类特殊的机制来适应多变的外界环境。为提高自身的存活率, 植物进化出一类胁迫记忆机制, 以适应环境和保护自己。表观遗传修饰不仅能调控植物的正常生长发育, 而且参与植物对各种非生物或生物胁迫的响应。近年的研究表明, 表观遗传修饰在植物胁迫记忆调控中也发挥重要作用。例如, DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化及乙酰化等表观遗传修饰参与并维持特定的胁迫记忆。该文主要对表观遗传修饰介导的植物胁迫记忆最新进展进行综述, 并展望未来的重点和热点研究方向。     

非生物胁迫下植物组蛋白修饰参与基因表达调控的研究进展

植物生长过程中不可避免的要面对不利的环境因素,它们已经进化出了灵活的基因表达重编程机制应对干旱、高盐、冷、热或洪涝等非生物环境胁迫。近年来,随着表观遗传学研究的不断深入,发现组蛋白翻译后修饰特性会受环境胁迫的影响而改变,启动相关胁迫应答基因表达,或者充当胁迫应答转录因子的下游参与调控转录活动,组蛋白修饰已经被证实在植物逆境的响应过程中起着至关重要的作用。主要综述了非生物胁迫下植物组蛋白修饰参与基因转录应答的最新进展,以期为植物非生物胁迫耐受性的相关研究提供参考。     

DNA甲基化介导的植物逆境应答和胁迫记忆

DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要形式,它不仅对植物生长发育具有重要的调控作用,而且参与了植物对各种逆境胁迫的应答过程。逆境通过改变植物DNA基化水平和模式对胁迫应答基因网络进行调控,从而增强当代或后代对逆境的适应性。本文主要对DNA甲基化介导的生物和非生物逆境应答及植物胁迫记忆的最新研究进展进行综述,同时对该领域研究中存在的问题和未来研究的方向进行讨论与展望。     

非生物胁迫下植物表观遗传变异的研究进展

植物在整个生命过程中固着生长,不能主动躲避外界不良环境的危害,需要通过自身的防御机制来抵御和适应外界胁迫,而表观遗传修饰在调控植物应对不良环境胁迫中起重要作用。该文从DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和非编码RNA等方面进行了综述,主要阐述了近年来国内外有关非生物胁迫下植物的表观遗传变化,以期为利用表观遗传变异提高植物的抗胁迫能力提供参考。     

逆境胁迫下植物表观遗传机制的研究进展

植物着地固定生长不能主动逃避外界危害,只能依靠自身的一些响应机制来防御外界胁迫,表观遗传调控在这个响应机制中起着重要的作用,主要表现在DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑及非编码RNA。植物在遭受低温、高温、干旱、盐、重金属、病毒及激素等因素胁迫后,通过调节抗逆相关基因的表达来响应外界危害。综述表观遗传修饰在各种胁迫下的调控机制,为作物的抗逆研究提供理论依据。     

植物中表观遗传修饰研究进展

表观遗传是指DNA序列不发生变化, 但基因表达发生了可遗传的改变, 主要涉及DNA与染色体上的一些可逆修饰以及一些转录调控机制。DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控是表观遗传学研究的三大支柱。三者在植物生长发育、应对生物和非生物胁迫以及适应环境变化中发挥着极其重要的作用。该文综述了植物中DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA调控的研究进展及其对植物株高、生育期、花型、果实着色以及应对环境胁迫等方面的影响。     

植物CBL-CIPK信号系统响应非生物胁迫的调控机制

钙调磷酸酶B蛋白(CBLs)及其互作蛋白激酶(CIPKs)组成的信号系统是非生物逆境响应的重要调控网络。CBL-CIPK系统通过磷酸化感应并解码Ca²⁺信号, 参与植物对非生物胁迫的应答调控。该文综述了CBLs和CIPKs结构、CBLs-CIPKs对不同底物磷酸化及其响应非生物胁迫调控机制的研究进展, 并展望了未来的研究方向, 以期为作物抗逆性遗传改良提供思路。     

植物DNA甲基化变异对生物和非生物胁迫的响应机制

高等植物具有复杂的机制使其对环境的变化做出响应,这种机制是通过长期进化建立起来的.它们能够对出现的生物和非生物胁迫产生响应.在分子水平上,植物对各种胁迫的响应是受多基因表达变化调控的,包括植物激素水杨酸、脱落酸等信号途径在整合、协调植物胁迫过程中起关键作用.近年来的研究表明,在植物响应胁迫这一过程中还进行着表观遗传调控...     

异三聚体G蛋白在植物非生物胁迫应答中的作用

异三聚体G蛋白(Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins)是真核生物中一类重要的信号传导分子,由Gα、Gβ和Gγ3个亚基组成。异三聚体G蛋白不仅参与了植物的生长发育调控,而且还在多种非生物胁迫应答中起着重要的调控作用。本文着重介绍异三聚体G蛋白在植物非生物胁迫应答中的作用及可能的调控机制,并结合当前研究现状对未来研究方向提出展望,以期为今后深入研究异三聚体G蛋白在植物非生物胁迫应答中的调控机制提供参考。     

Chromatin modifications and remodeling in plant abiotic stress responses

Sensing environmental changes and initiating a gene expression response are important for plants as sessile autotrophs. The ability of epigenetic status to alter rapidly and reversibly could be a key component to the flexibility of plant responses to the environment. The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the response to environmental cues and to different types of abiotic stresses has been documented. Different environmental stresses lead to altered methylation status of DNA as well as modifications of nucleosomal histones. Understanding how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in plant response to environmental stress is highly desirable, not just for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant stress response but also for possible application in the genetic manipulation of plants. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of chromatin modifications and remodeling, with emphasis on the roles of specific modification enzymes and remodeling factors in plant abiotic stress responses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.     

Genetic and epigenetic regulation of stress responses in natural plant populations

Plants have developed intricate mechanisms involving gene regulatory systems to adjust to stresses. Phenotypic variation in plants under stress is classically attributed to DNA sequence variants. More recently, it was found that epigenetic modifications - DNA methylation-, chromatin- and small RNA-based mechanisms - can contribute separately or together to phenotypes by regulating gene expression in response to the stress effect. These epigenetic modifications constitute an additional layer of complexity to heritable phenotypic variation and the evolutionary potential of natural plant populations because they can affect fitness. Natural populations can show differences in performance when they are exposed to changes in environmental conditions, partly because of their genetic variation but also because of their epigenetic variation. The line between these two components is blurred because little is known about the contribution of genotypes and epigenotypes to stress tolerance in natural populations. Recent insights in this field have just begun to shed light on the behavior of genetic and epigenetic variation in natural plant populations under biotic and abiotic stresses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.     

组蛋白修饰调控植物对胁迫的记忆与警备抗性的研究进展

植物扎根土壤,面对不利的环境胁迫无法逃避。然而,植物已经进化出对环境胁迫的记忆(stress memory)与警备抗性(或防御警备defense priming)等机制适应环境。环境胁迫在短时间内无法改变植物的DNA碱基序列,因此表观遗传被认为是植物对环境胁迫产生记忆和产生防御警备的主要机制,而组蛋白修饰被认为是最重要的机制,为胁迫记忆提供了可能。本文综述了非生物和生物胁迫下植物分别以胁迫记忆和防御警备机制为主导的组蛋白修饰参与抵御不良环境的最新进展,并提出该研究领域存在的问题和今后研究的重点与方向。深入探究组蛋白修饰与植物适应环境胁迫的关系,可为提高植物抗性、植物表型塑造、器官再生和作物改良等方面提供理论和技术指导。     

Epigenetic regulation in plant abiotic stress responses

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression is greatly influenced by the dynamic chromatin environment. Epigenetic mechanisms, including covalent modifications to DNA and histone tails and the accessibility of chromatin, create various chromatin states for stress‐responsive gene expression that is important for adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Recent studies have revealed that many epigenetic factors participate in abiotic stress responses, and various chromatin modifications are changed when plants are exposed to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the cross‐talk between abiotic stress response pathways and epigenetic regulatory pathways in plants. Our review focuses on epigenetic regulation of plant responses to extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, the stress hormone abscisic acid, nutrient limitations and ultraviolet stress, and on epigenetic mechanisms of stress memory.     

Dynamic regulation of DNA methylation and histone modifications in response to abiotic stresses in plants

DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants. Dynamic changes in gene expression levels can result from changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the last two decades, how epigenetic machinery regulates abiotic stress responses in plants has been extensively studied. Here, based on recent publications, we review how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact gene expression regulation in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, abscisic acid, high salt, extreme temperature, nutrient deficiency or toxicity, and ultraviolet B exposure. We also review the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of transgenerational stress memory. We posit that a better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of abiotic stress responses in plants may facilitate the design of more stress-resistant or -resilient crops, which is essential for coping with global warming and extreme environments.     

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in abiotic stress response and their role in signal transduction pathways

The study of abiotic stress response of plants is important because they have to cope with environmental changes to survive. The plant genomes have evolved to meet environmental challenges. Salt, temperature, and drought are the main abiotic stresses. The tolerance and response to stress vary differently in plants. The idea was to analyze the genes showing differential expression under abiotic stresses. There are many pathways connecting the perception of external stimuli to cellular responses. In plants, these pathways play an important role in the transduction of abiotic stresses. In the present study, the gene expression data have been analyzed for their involvement in different steps of signaling pathways. The conserved genes were analyzed for their role in each pathway. The functional annotations of these genes and their response under abiotic stresses in other plant species were also studied. The enzymes of signal pathways, showing similarity with conserved genes, were analyzed for their role in different abiotic stresses. Our findings will help to understand the expression of genes in response to various abiotic stresses. These genes may be used to study the response of different abiotic stresses in other plant species and the molecular basis of stress tolerance.     

类受体蛋白激酶与植物非生物胁迫应答

类受体蛋白激酶(receptor-like protein kinase,RLK)是植物信号转导网络中的重要成员,参与介导生长、发育以及逆境胁迫应答等多种细胞代谢过程．在植物细胞中已发现和克隆了富含亮氨酸重复区型(LRR)、凝集素型(lectin-like)和细胞壁相联型(WAK)等不同的RLK亚家族．这些RLK能够感受多种发育和外界环境胁迫信号, 并在植物对非生物胁迫的响应过程中发挥重要的调控作用．本文结合当今国内外研究进展,简述植物RLK的典型结构域特征,详细介绍多种RLK在植物逆境信号识别与转导中发挥的作用,同时对RLK在非生物胁迫应答中的具体作用机制进行了探讨．