共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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植物表观遗传学不仅是基础科学研究的焦点,也是植物育种中获得新资源的一种方式。表观遗传机制可以通过非编码RNA,组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化控制基因的表达,且越来越多的研究表明表观遗传机制对植物适应环境及胁迫记忆是必要的。本综述重点从DNA甲基化调控、组蛋白变异、组蛋白修饰调控、非编码RNA调控水平论述植物在各种逆境条件下如何通过表观遗传机制来适应环境。 相似文献
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植物扎根土壤,面对不利的环境胁迫无法逃避。然而,植物已经进化出对环境胁迫的记忆(stress memory)与警备抗性(或防御警备defense priming)等机制适应环境。环境胁迫在短时间内无法改变植物的DNA碱基序列,因此表观遗传被认为是植物对环境胁迫产生记忆和产生防御警备的主要机制,而组蛋白修饰被认为是最重要的机制,为胁迫记忆提供了可能。本文综述了非生物和生物胁迫下植物分别以胁迫记忆和防御警备机制为主导的组蛋白修饰参与抵御不良环境的最新进展,并提出该研究领域存在的问题和今后研究的重点与方向。深入探究组蛋白修饰与植物适应环境胁迫的关系,可为提高植物抗性、植物表型塑造、器官再生和作物改良等方面提供理论和技术指导。 相似文献
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植物衰老是由内外环境因子共同调节的,发生在细胞、组织、器官和个体等多个层面上的衰退和死亡过程,涉及基因表达、蛋白翻译和修饰水平变化以及多种细胞结构和代谢途径的变化,并与激素和生物/非生物胁迫的应答等过程形成复杂的调控网络。近年的研究表明,表观遗传修饰参与了对植物衰老过程的调节,是除经典遗传学以研究基因序列影响生物学功能之外在非核酸序列改变的情况下导致可遗传的基因表达变化的机制。本文综述了植物衰老过程中表观遗传调控的机理,包括染色质构象变化、DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、ATP依赖的重构因子和非编码RNA介导的调控等,并对这一领域今后的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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学习记忆是大脑的重要功能.记忆的形成涉及基因转录、新蛋白质合成和突触可塑性改变等一系列分子和细胞乃至神经环路的变化.近些年研究者逐渐发现各种表观遗传修饰,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及RNA修饰在各种学习记忆类型、记忆阶段和突触可塑性中发挥了不同程度的作用.本文阐述了参与学习记忆的不同表观遗传调控因子,为进一步理解学习记忆的机制提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
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真核生物基因表达受到染色质结构的调控,组蛋白与DNA的共价修饰构成表观遗传标签,并在植物胁迫应答如防御病原菌侵染过程中起重要作用.病原菌侵染可引起基因组整体DNA甲基化模式变化及胁迫应答基因的位点特异性去甲基化,导致植物抗性基因表达上调或下调,并进一步调控植物对病原菌的胁迫应答;组蛋白去乙酰化酶HDAC通过茉莉酸途径增强植物对病原菌的胁迫应答;此外,染色质重塑复合物Swr1复合体通过识别DNA基元和组蛋白乙酰化修饰状态靶向基因启动子,负调控SA敏感基因.该文从DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、甲基化修饰,染色质重塑等方面着重阐述植物与病原菌互作过程中发生的主要事件的分子基础及其研究进展. 相似文献
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DNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes in plants. Dynamic changes in gene expression levels can result from changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the last two decades, how epigenetic machinery regulates abiotic stress responses in plants has been extensively studied. Here, based on recent publications, we review how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact gene expression regulation in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, abscisic acid, high salt, extreme temperature, nutrient deficiency or toxicity, and ultraviolet B exposure. We also review the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of transgenerational stress memory. We posit that a better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of abiotic stress responses in plants may facilitate the design of more stress-resistant or -resilient crops, which is essential for coping with global warming and extreme environments. 相似文献
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The role of epigenetic processes in controlling flowering time in plants exposed to stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plants interact with their environment by modifying gene expression patterns. One mechanism for this interaction involves epigenetic modifications that affect a number of aspects of plant growth and development. Thus, the epigenome is highly dynamic in response to environmental cues and developmental changes. Flowering is controlled by a set of genes that are affected by environmental conditions through an alteration in their expression pattern. This ensures the production of flowers even when plants are growing under adverse conditions, and thereby enhances transgenerational seed production. In this review recent findings on the epigenetic changes associated with flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under abiotic stress conditions such as cold, drought, and high salinity are discussed. These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the production of micro RNAs (miRNAs) that mediate epigenetic modifications. The roles played by the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin in chromatin remodelling are also discussed. It is shown that there is a crucial relationship between the epigenetic modifications associated with floral initiation and development and modifications associated with stress tolerance. This relationship is demonstrated by the common epigenetic pathways through which plants control both flowering and stress tolerance, and can be used to identify new epigenomic players. 相似文献
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This paper considers molecular mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone modifications in plants. The role of these epigenetic processes in plant development is discussed. 相似文献
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Post-translational modifications of histones play crucial roles in the genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression from chromatin. Studies in mammals and yeast have found conserved modifications at some residues of histones as well as non-conserved modifications at some other sites. Although plants have been excellent systems to study epigenetic regulation, and histone modifications are known to play critical roles, the histone modification sites and patterns in plants are poorly defined. In the present study we have used mass spectrometry in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and phospho-peptide enrichment to identify histone modification sites in the reference plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. We found not only modifications at many sites that are conserved in mammalian and yeast cells, but also modifications at many sites that are unique to plants. These unique modifications include H4 K20 acetylation (in contrast to H4 K20 methylation in non-plant systems), H2B K6, K11, K27 and K32 acetylation, S15 phosphorylation and K143 ubiquitination, and H2A K144 acetylation and S129, S141 and S145 phosphorylation, and H2A.X S138 phosphorylation. In addition, we found that lysine 79 of H3 which is highly conserved and modified by methylation and plays important roles in telomeric silencing in non-plant systems, is not modified in Arabidopsis. These results suggest distinctive histone modification patterns in plants and provide an invaluable foundation for future studies on histone modifications in plants. 相似文献