胸腔内注入尿激酶辅助治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液

目的观察尿激酶对结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效。方法选取结核性包裹性胸腔积液患者66例,随机分成治疗组(34例)及对照组(32例)。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上于胸腔内注入尿激酶10万u+生理盐水20 ml。结果治疗组胸液吸收的时间明显短于对照组(P0.01),胸膜厚度小于对照组(P0.01)。结论胸腔内注入尿激酶可减少胸膜肥厚、粘连,利于胸水的吸收。     

中心静脉导管胸腔内置管闭式引流并注入尿激酶治疗包裹性结核性胸膜炎

观察中心静脉导管胸腔内置管闭式引流并注入尿激酶治疗包裹性结核性胸膜炎的效果。方法:包裹性结核性胸膜炎患者40例,随机分成治疗组(20例)与对照组(20例)。治疗组中心静脉导管胸腔内置管闭式引流并注入尿激酶10万U 生理盐水20ml,对照组注射生理盐水20ml。结果:治疗组引流量增多,治疗组胸膜粘连消失15例,对照组2例(P＜0．01)。2月后B超检查,治疗组胸膜厚度(2．5±0．8)mm,对照组(9．8±1．6)mm(P＜0．01),治疗组胸廓塌陷程度5．3±1．6%,对照组11．1±2．7%。尿激酶治疗前后动脉血气分析及肺功能有显著性差异,治疗前Pao2(83±4．5),治疗后Pao2(95±6．40),(P＜0．01)治疗前TLC% (78．5±2．2)%,治疗后(87．6±1．5)%,,(P＜0．01);治疗前VC%(73．2±4．8),治疗后VC%(84．1±5．6),(P＜0．01);治疗前FVC% 78．1±2．7,治疗后FVC%(86．5±3．5)%,(P＜0．01)。结论:胸腔内注射尿激酶能治疗包裹积液,改善胸膜粘连、肥厚及肺功能。     

尿激酶胸腔注入治疗结核包囊性胸腔积液

目的寻求治疗结核包囊性胸腔积液的新方法。方法胸膜活检确诊为结核性胸腔积液并经Ｂ超或胸部Ｘ线证实有粘连包囊的病人１５例,经胸腔内注入尿激酶每次１０万单位,用６０ｍｌ生理盐水稀释,每８～１２ｈ重复,连续５次,每次记录抽取胸水总量,并复查Ｂ超观察粘连包囊情况。对照组为单纯用抗结核治疗及间断抽胸水１５例。结果实验组１３例有效,总有效率８６．７％。对照组２例有效,有效率１３．３％,疗效明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论尿激酶胸腔内注入是治疗结核性粘连包囊性胸腔积液的一种安全可靠的新方法。     

地塞米松联合异烟肼胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎临床分析

观察地塞米松联合异烟肼胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床效果。方法:将我院收治的94例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各47例。对照组患者采用胸腔穿刺抽液和口服抗结核药物治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上采用地塞米松联合异烟肼胸腔内注射治疗,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:观察组临床疗效显著,总有效率达97.87%,明显优于对照组78.72%,两组数据差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地塞米松联合异烟肼胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎疗效确切,能在短时间内消除患者胸腔积水,减轻胸膜的肥厚粘连症状,促进患者早日康复。     

经猪尾管注入尿激酶治疗包裹性结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效

目的:探讨经猪尾管注入尿激酶治疗包裹性胸膜炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2014.1-2015.1包裹性结核性胸膜炎的患者30例,胸腔彩超或胸CT提示胸腔积液包裹或分隔及纤维索条形成。所有患者行18F猪尾管胸腔闭式引流术,自胸腔闭式引流管内注射尿激酶1-5次。结果:18例患者胸腔积液经治疗后完全消失,8例患者胸腔内残留少量胸腔积液伴胸腔增厚。4例患者因胸腔内分隔明显,胸腔纤维板较厚,疗效差,转为开胸手术治疗。结论:猪尾管注入尿激酶治疗包裹性结核性胸膜炎对于分隔少,纤维条索粘连不紧密的患者疗效好;对于分隔明显,胸膜腔明显增厚及纤维条粘连紧密的患者疗效差。     

恶性胸腔积液与结核性胸腔积液的诊断进展

胸腔积液分为渗出液和漏出液,而渗出性胸腔积液以结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液较为常见,这两种积液的治疗和预后差异很大。因此,及时而准确地找到胸腔积液的成因,才能使患者得到早期诊断和治疗,改善患者的预后。但目前,临床工作中两者的鉴别仍较为困难,因此需要从多方面入手。系统的询问病史、体格检查是判断患者是否存在胸腔积液的第一步,然后行X线、B超、CT检查判断积液的位置及积液量,后行胸腔穿刺检查明确积液的性质是渗出液或漏出液,结合肿瘤标志物、细胞因子检查进一步判断积液病因,最后通过胸腔穿刺胸膜活检、胸腔镜检查明确病理诊断而获得确诊,对于疑难性胸腔积液,PET/CT检查也具备较好的优势。本文就近年来恶性胸腔积液与结核性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断技术和方法进展作简要综述。     

45 例难治性结核性胸膜炎临床分析

目的：探讨难治性结核性胸膜炎的诊疗措施。方法：对我科近五年来收治的45例难治性结核性胸膜炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：45例患者入院后进行了规律的抗结核和定期胸穿抽液治疗,有8例在治疗2—3个月内形成脓胸,余37例在治疗2．5—3．5个月内经X线和B超检查已形成包裹积液,并伴有不同程度的胸膜肥厚。对患侧胸腔辅助电热物理疗法和激光疗法2个月后有22例包裹积液完全吸收,15例经治疗积液吸收不明显,包裹面积大,致患侧肋间隙变窄,胸腔塌陷,故转入外科手术治疗。结论：对难治性结核性胸膜炎在规律抗结核治疗的同时应对不同病历辅佐其他不同治疗方法。     

腺苷脱氨酶在结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸腔积液的对比临床分析

目的：探究腺苷脱氨酶在结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液中的含量规律。方法：回顾分析自2010年3月至2012年5月于本院胸心外科住院的胸腔积液患者,对穿刺获得的胸腔积液,用比色法测定胸腔积液中腺苷脱氨酶的水平。测量血中腺苷脱氨酶的水平进行对比。结果：结核性胸膜炎组患者胸腔积液ADA测定值为89．67±47．85IU／L,癌性胸腔积液组水平为24．56±11．491U／L,胸腔积液ADA水平在结核性胸膜炎与癌性胸腔积液组之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）;以ADA〉45IU／L诊断结核性胸膜炎：则敏感性为（48／51）94．1,特异性为（48／52）88．9％,以ADA〈45IU／L一诊断恶性胸腔积水：则敏感性（（51／55）89．4％,特异性为（51／54）94．4％;结核性胸膜炎中胸腔积液ADA／血清中ADA比值为2．25±0．72,癌性胸腔积液组水平0．43＋0．1,结核性胸膜炎与癌性胸腔积液组之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）;以胸腔积液ADA／血清中ADA比值〉1．0为界诊断结核性胸膜炎：则敏感性为（46／51）90．1,特异性为（45／55）81．8．％,以胸腔积液ADA／血清中ADA比值〈1．0诊断恶性胸腔积水：则敏感性（47／57）82．4％,特异性为（47／53）88．7％。结论：腺苷脱氨酶在结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸腔积液中的含量有明显差异。     

胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶注入对包裹性胸腔积液的临床研究

目的:探讨胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶注入对包裹性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法:对我院2007年2月-2011年4月收治的包裹性胸腔积液患者87例,随机分为实验组以及对照组,实验组采用胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶注入进行治疗,对照组采用常规治疗。结果:实验组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者治疗后其积液中蛋白量以及白细胞含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者治疗时间、胸膜壁厚度等比较明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对包裹性胸腔积液患者采用胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶注入进行治疗,可有效改善患者预后,提高患者临床治疗效果。     

地塞米松联合尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床效果分析

目的:探讨地塞米松联合尿激酶对结核性胸膜炎的临床效果。方法:选择2013年8月到2016年5月在我院进行诊治的结核性胸膜炎患者190例,根据随机信封抽签原则分为观察组与对照组各95例,两组都给予标准抗结核治疗方案,对照组在抗结核治疗的同时给予尿激酶治疗,观察组再给予地塞米松治疗,两组都治疗1个月。治疗后,比较两组的总有效率、不良反应的发生情况、胸腔积液完全引流时间、抽出胸腔积液总量、凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间。结果:所有患者都注射耐受良好,未见严重并发症;观察组的总有效率(88.4%)明显高于对照组(72.6%);观察组胸腔积液完全引流时间和抽出胸腔积液总量分别为7.56±2.44d和2867.33±456.10 m L,对照组分别为9.44±2.89d和1989.92±444.20 m L,观察组胸腔积液完全引流时间明显短于对照组,且抽出胸腔积液总量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组的凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间都明显高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:地塞米松联合尿激酶治疗结核性胸膜炎能延长凝血酶时间和凝血酶原时间,缩短胸腔积液引流时间,增加抽出胸腔积液总量,安全性和临床疗效均较好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.