干旱条件下冷季型草光合蒸腾特性的研究

对9种冷季型草在春夏季干旱条件下的光合、蒸腾等生理特性进行测定.结果表明:春季冷季型草净光合速率在6:00较低,8:00~12:00后出现最大值后逐渐下降,呈曲线变化.不同种类的日平均净光合速率,以虉草和看麦娘最高,达11μmol?m-2?s-1,匍匐剪股颖不到5μmol?m-2?s-1,其它草种居中,为6~10μmol?m-2?s-1.夏季测定时,大部分冷季型草在6:00净光合速率为全天最大值,8:00后光合速率下降,至16:00光合速率最低,几乎呈直线下降的变化.不同种类的日平均净光合速率,紫羊茅最高,为16.5μmol?m-2?s-1,鸭茅和虉草仅6~7μmol?m-2?s-1,其它草种居中.春季蒸腾速率早晨6:00~8:00最低,随后逐步升高至最高峰后又逐渐回落.不同种类的日平均蒸腾速率,看麦娘、高羊茅、虉草、草地早熟禾较高,为2 mmol?m-2?s-1左右,最低为匍匐剪股颖0.8 mmol?m-2?s-1,其它草种为1.3~1.8 mmol?m-2?s-1.夏季大部分植物在6:00蒸腾速率较高,至8:00开始回落,10:00后上升,到最高点后回降,呈多峰变化的曲线.不同种类的日平均蒸腾速率,紫羊茅最高为3.5 mmol?m-2?s-1,最低为无芒雀麦、鸭茅、虉草,为1.4~1.7 mmol?m-2?s-1,其它草种为2.1~2.8 mmol?m-2?s-1.     

橡胶树蒸腾特征及其与环境因子的关系

于2013年2—11月,应用Granier热消散探针对西双版纳地区橡胶树蒸腾进行了连续观测,并同步测定了环境因子(光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温、相对湿度和土壤含水量),结果表明:橡胶树蒸腾速率为昼高夜低的单峰曲线,晴天平均蒸腾速率、蒸腾量是雨天的4倍之多;雨季蒸腾启动时间较干季提前0.5～1.0 h、峰值时间较干季提前2.0～4.5 h,观测阶段日平均蒸腾量为27.84 kg·d-1;4月蒸腾量最大,其值为54.3 mm,11月蒸腾量最小,其值为29.6 mm。干季环境因子对蒸腾速率影响的大小顺序为:气温相对湿度PAR土壤含水量,雨季为:PAR相对湿度气温土壤含水量。干季橡胶林出现水分亏缺,但橡胶树通过其发达的根系可以获取深层土壤水,因此未对其造成严重的水分胁迫。     

华南丘陵人工马占相思林下灌木湿润季节蒸腾与小气候的关系

在湿润季节测定了广东丘陵常见的人工马占相思林内６种灌木的蒸腾日变化, 描述其蒸腾日变化的规律．并分析叶片蒸腾与林内的光、气温、湿度等小气候因子及叶温、 叶片气孔扩散阻力的回归关系．所有被观测灌木的蒸腾耗水日变化格局相似,阳性种类桃 金娘在人工林的隐蔽条件下生长良好．其蒸腾速率最高,山苍子的蒸腾速率次之,其它种 类的蒸腾表现较为适中．回归分析结果表明,灌木蒸腾变化与空气相对湿度呈负相关,与 林内气温、全光照、光合有效辐射呈正相关．叶温和叶片气孔扩散阻力与灌木蒸腾变化分 别呈正、负相关．     

利用称重法测定植物群落蒸散

用改进的离体连续快速称重法对刺儿菜(Cirsiumsegetum)、苦苣(Sonchusoleraceus)、猪毛蒿(Artemisiascoparia)、长芒草(Stipabungeana)和二裂委陵菜(Potentillabifurca)的蒸腾速率进行了测定,表明二裂委陵菜的蒸腾速率最高、刺儿菜最低,其它处于中间水平。3年退耕地的日蒸腾量远小于裸地的土面蒸发量,群落蒸散量达到0.13～0.64cm·m-2·d-1。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区狼牙刺的蒸腾作用研究

对狼牙刺和柠条的蒸腾日变化、月变化作了动态测定,研究了狼牙刺的蒸腾特性及其同环境因子及土壤水分之间的关系。结果表明:(1)狼牙刺和柠条的蒸腾速率日变化基本是以单峰型曲线为主,少数为双峰型。在10:00~14:00时段是狼牙刺和柠条的高速蒸腾期;蒸腾极大值多出现在12:00。(2)从6~9月份,狼牙刺和柠条的蒸腾速率呈逐月下降趋势,不同林龄狼牙刺之间的蒸腾速率月均值差异不明显,但狼牙刺与柠条的蒸腾速率月均值的种间差异比较明显,即柠条的蒸腾作用略高于狼牙刺。(3)一天当中,狼牙刺的蒸腾速率与光合有效辐射、空气温度密切正相关,与大气湿度负相关;6~9月,狼牙刺蒸腾速率的日均值与土壤水分状况密切正相关。(4)在黄土丘陵沟壑区进行人工林草植被建设过程中,应该主要充分了解物种在6、7月份(林木生长旺盛期)的耗水特点及土壤供水能力,以保证植被的快速恢复。     

毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿整株丛的蒸腾特征

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)是一种优良的防风固沙灌木。有关其蒸腾作用的测定研究多是通过对单叶或小枝蒸腾速率的测定值推算整株丛的蒸腾耗水。该研究选择在中间锦鸡儿株丛的主根安装“热扩散探针”来测定整株丛的蒸腾耗水。结果表明: 中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量的日变化可划分为4个阶段: 1)液流量迅速上升阶段(8:00~11:30), 其液流量占全天液流量的21.21%; 2)液流量最高而相对稳定阶段(12:00~18:00), 液流量占全天液流量的58.84%; 3)液流量迅速降低阶段(18:30~21:00), 液流量占全天液流量的10.62%; 4)液流量最低而稳定阶段(21:30~次日8:00), 液流量占全天液流量的9.32%。从所观测的中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量的日变化可以看出: 在午间(12:00~14:00), 中间锦鸡儿整株丛蒸腾虽因环境因子的影响(如云朵遮阴)会发生较小的波动, 但并没有出现明显的“午休”现象, 而是保持相对稳定的高蒸腾速率。环境因子对中间锦鸡儿整株丛液流量影响的强弱次序依次为: 太阳辐射>空气温度>水蒸气压亏缺>空气相对湿度>土壤温度>风速。液流量对环境因子变化的响应存在着明显的时滞现象。根据所测大、中、小3个中间锦鸡儿整株丛树干液流量数据, 计算出一个中等大小(株高为110 cm, 冠幅为0.6 m², 叶片总干重为51.82 g)的中间锦鸡儿整株丛在测定时间内的日蒸腾耗水量为2.2 kg · d^-1。     

厚壁毛竹蒸腾动态研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定厚壁毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis 'Pachyloen')蒸腾作用在不同时间尺度上的动态变化,结果表明:厚壁毛竹夏季的蒸腾日变化为双峰曲线,秋、冬、春季的蒸腾日变化为单峰曲线;厚壁毛竹蒸腾年动态变化为单峰曲线,1月份最低,仅为0.33 mmol·m-2·s-1;6月份最高,达3.78 mmol·m-2·s-1;年均值为1.30 mmol·m-2·s-1.与毛竹的蒸腾作用动态相比,两竹种不但在蒸腾速率上相近,而且总体趋势也较为一致:夏季、冬季和春季两竹种的蒸腾日变化类型相同,唯有秋季的蒸腾日变化类型不一致,厚壁毛竹的为单峰曲线,而毛竹的为双峰曲线,这反映了两竹种蒸腾作用对气候响应的差异;厚壁毛竹和毛竹的蒸腾作用年动态变化均为单峰曲线.     

灌溉植被梭梭、白刺光合蒸腾特性及影响因素研究

通过灌溉植被梭梭、白刺光合生理特性测定结果显示:梭梭、白刺光合、蒸腾日变化均呈单峰曲线,上午主要进行光合作用,10:00达到峰值,下午蒸腾作用较强,14:00～16∶00达到高峰期;灌溉植被光合速率随灌水量的增加而增大,灌溉梭梭平均光合速率相对免灌对照增加量为1.8～4.2μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,灌溉白刺相对增加量为1.5～2.3μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,梭梭光合增加量较高;灌溉梭梭蒸腾速率高于对照,增量为2.4～6.8mmolH2O·m-2·s-1,灌溉白刺蒸腾速率低于对照,减量为6.2～12.0mmolH2O·m-2·s-1;相关分析表明:光量子密度、胞间CO2浓度是影响梭梭、白刺光合作用的主要因子,大气温度、水汽压是影响其蒸腾作用的因子,叶片温度对灌溉植被梭梭、白刺的光合和蒸腾速率变化反应特别敏感,是影响其生理进程的重要因素之一.     

干旱区植物叶片大小对叶表面蒸腾及叶温的影响

利用热及物质交换原理, 并结合前人研究成果, 在单叶尺度上建立了简单的叶温和水气蒸腾模型。模型通过预设值驱动, 预设值参照干旱区环境及植物叶片特征设置。模拟结果显示: 随气孔阻力的增加, 叶片蒸腾速率降低, 叶温升高; 同一环境下, 具有低辐射吸收率的叶片蒸腾速率和叶温更低, 并且气孔阻力越大, 这种差异越明显。另外, 叶片宽度及风速是影响叶片蒸腾及叶温的重要因子。干旱地区植物生长季节, 风速小于0.1 m·s ^-1、气孔阻力接近1000 s·m ^-1时, 降低叶片宽度不仅有利于降低叶片温度, 而且能够降低叶片蒸腾速率, 从而实现保持水分, 增强植物适应高温、干旱的能力。     

辽东山区天然次生林两个不同坡向林窗光温空间分布特征

为探讨辽东山区次生林林窗干扰特征,对不同坡向雪/风干扰后形成林窗内的光温空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:东北和东南坡向的林窗中,各时段光量子通量密度(PPFD)和气温的空间分布格局类似但大小并不相同;8:00—10:00 PPFD最高值均出现在林窗中央偏西(东北坡169μmol·m-2·s-1,东南坡350μmol·m-2·s-1),11:00—13:00PPFD最高值出现在林窗中央偏北侧(东北坡234μmol·m-2·s-1,东南坡400μmol·m-2·s-1),而14:00—16:00均以林窗东侧PPFD最大(东北坡74μmol·m-2·s-1,东南坡56μmol·m-2·s-1),且两个坡向的PPFD在各时段大小差异显著(P0.05)。两个坡向林窗内平均气温的空间分布均表现为8:00—10:00西高东低,11:00—13:00北高南低,14:00—16:00东高西低的趋势,而在各时段的差异为8:00—10:00、11:00—13:00东北坡气温显著低于东南坡(P0.01),14:00—16:00则显著高于东南坡(P0.01)。上述结果表明,林窗坡向及林窗内位置不同,使其光温环境发生异质性,进而影响到林窗区域种子萌发、幼苗生长发育及植物种群分布等,最终影响到森林的更新。     

高寒草地不同坡向披针叶黄华蒸腾速率与叶性状的关系

植物蒸腾速率(Tr)与叶性状间的协同变异关系,对理解异质性生境下植物叶片形态构建模式及其生态适应性具有重要意义。利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM),并提取样地坡度数据,研究了祁连山高寒草地不同坡向披针叶黄华叶性状与Tr的关系。结果表明:随着坡向由北坡向东坡、西坡、南坡转变,草地群落的密度、高度和土壤含水量逐渐减小,披针叶黄华叶面积(LA)与Tr呈减小趋势,而叶厚度呈增大趋势;在南坡和北坡披针叶黄华的Tr与LA之间存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与叶厚度之间存在极显著负相关关系(P0.01),在东坡和西坡披针叶黄华的Tr与LA之间存在显著正相关关系(P0.05),与叶厚度之间存在显著负相关关系(P0.05)。生长在南坡的披针叶黄华选择了小而厚的叶片和低的Tr,生长在北坡的披针叶黄华选择了大而薄的叶片和高的Tr,体现了异质生境中植物通过叶片生物量分配机制实现资源有效利用的生存策略。     

Ammonia emission from rice leaves in relation to photorespiration and genotypic differences in glutamine synthetase activity

Background and Aims

Rice (Oryza sativa) plants lose significant amounts of volatile NH₃ from their leaves, but it has not been shown that this is a consequence of photorespiration. Involvement of photorespiration in NH₃ emission and the role of glutamine synthetase (GS) on NH₃ recycling were investigated using two rice cultivars with different GS activities.

Methods

NH₃ emission (AER), and gross photosynthesis (P_G), transpiration (Tr) and stomatal conductance (g_S) were measured on leaves of ‘Akenohoshi’, a cultivar with high GS activity, and ‘Kasalath’, a cultivar with low GS activity, under different light intensities (200, 500 and 1000 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), leaf temperatures (27·5, 32·5 and 37·5 °C) and atmospheric O₂ concentrations ([O₂]: 2, 21 and 40 %, corresponding to 20, 210 and 400 mmol mol⁻¹).

Key Results

An increase in [O₂] increased AER in the two cultivars, accompanied by a decrease in P_G due to enhanced photorespiration, but did not greatly influence Tr and g_S. There were significant positive correlations between AER and photorespiration in both cultivars. Increasing light intensity increased AER, P_G, Tr and g_S in both cultivars, whereas increasing leaf temperature increased AER and Tr but slightly decreased P_G and g_S. ‘Kasalath’ (low GS activity) showed higher AER than ‘Akenohoshi’ (high GS activity) at high light intensity, leaf temperature and [O₂].

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that photorespiration is strongly involved in NH₃ emission by rice leaves and suggest that differences in AER between cultivars result from their different GS activities, which would result in different capacities for reassimilation of photorespiratory NH₃. The results also suggest that NH₃ emission in rice leaves is not directly controlled by transpiration and stomatal conductance.     

Light Absorption and Competition in Mixed Communities of Hordeum Leporinum-Euphorbia Scordifolia

The effect of Euphorbia scordifolia and Hordeum leporinum competition on leaf area development, radiant energy absorption, and dry matter production was evaluated in a field experiment. Profile measurements (0-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.6-0.9, and >0.9 m above ground) of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and leaf area index (LAI) by species were taken at four densities of E. scordifolia (0, 1, 4, and 12 plants per m²). APAR calculated for H. leporinum in mixed communities was 79, 77, and 49 % of the APAR in H. leporinum and LAI was reduced to 81, 65, and 37 %. LAI of H. leporinum was concentrated in the 0.3-0.6 m layer, while the taller E. scordifolia plants had the greatest LAI above 0.6 m. By absorbing radiant energy in the upper canopy, E. scordifolia reduced APAR penetrating to H. leporinum. Measurements of net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, leaf temperature, and stomatal conductance confirmed the importance of competition for PAR for plant growth and metabolism.     

Assessing transpiration in the tussock grass Stipa tenacissima L.: the crucial role of the interplay between morphology and physiology

Plant transpiration has a key role on both plant performance and ecosystem functioning in arid zones, but realistic estimates at appropriate spatial-temporal scales are scarce. Leaf and tiller morphology and crown architecture were studied together with leaf physiology and whole plant water balance in four individual plants of Stipa tenacissima of different sizes to determine the relative influence of processes taking place at different spatial and temporal scales on whole plant transpiration. Transpiration was estimated in potted plants by leaf-level gas exchange techniques (infrared gas analyzer and porometer), by sap flow measurements, and by integrating leaf physiology and crown architecture with the 3-D computer model Yplant. Daily transpiration of each individual plant was monitored using a gravimetric method, which rendered the reference values. Leaves on each individual plant significantly varied in their physiological status. Young and green parts of the leaves showed five times higher chlorophyll concentration and greater photosynthetic capacity than the senescent parts of the foliage. Instantaneous leaf-level transpiration measurements should not be used to estimate plant transpiration, owing to the fact that extrapolations overestimated individual transpiration by more than 100%. Considering leaf age effects and scaling the estimates according to the relative amount of each foliage category reduced this difference to 46% though it was still significantly higher than gravimetric measurements. Sap flow calculations also overestimated tussock transpiration. However, 3-D reconstruction of plants with Yplant and transpiration estimates, considering both the physiological status and the daily pattern of radiation experienced by each individual leaf section within the crown, matched the gravimetric measurements (differences were only 4.4%). The complex interplay of leaf physiology and crown structure must be taken into account in scaling up plant transpiration from instantaneous, leaf-level measurements, and our study indicates that transpiration of complex crowns is easily overestimated.     

西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律

利用中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站绿洲农田2009年小气候、湍流交换、土壤蒸发和叶片气孔导度等综合观测试验数据,应用Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)双源模型以半小时为步长估算了绿洲农田玉米生长季实际蒸散量,并利用涡动相关与微型蒸渗仪实测数据对田间蒸散发量和棵间土壤蒸发量计算结果进行了检验。结果表明:S-W模型较好地估算研究区的蒸散量,并能有效区分农田作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发;全生育期玉米共耗水640 mm,其中作物蒸腾累积量为467 mm,土壤蒸发累积量为173 mm,分别占总量的72.9%和27.1%;日时间尺度上,作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发分别在0—6.3 mm/d和0—4.3 mm/d之间变化,其日平均分别为2.9和1.0 mm/d;田间供水充足,作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发比值明显受作物生长过程影响,播种—出苗期、出苗—拔节期、拔节—抽雄期、抽雄—灌浆期、灌浆—成熟期,其比值分别为0.04、0.8、7.0、5.2和1.4,不同阶段的比值差异主要受叶面积指数影响。     

沙埋对沙米幼苗生长、存活及光合蒸腾特性的影响

沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)是藜科沙蓬属1年生沙生植物,广泛分布于我国各主要沙漠和沙地中。为了解沙埋对沙米生长、存活和光合蒸腾特性影响,2010-2011年在科尔沁沙地研究了不同沙埋深度下沙米幼苗高度、存活率、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的变化,结果表明:沙米具有极强的耐沙埋能力。埋深为株高25%时,沙米幼苗存活率和株高显著增加,埋深为株高50%-100%时,其株高和存活率虽有下降,但与非沙埋对照差异不显著。当沙埋深度超过株高后,其株高和存活率急剧下降,但沙埋达到株高266%时仍然有部分幼苗存活。沙埋第5天,随着沙埋深度的增加,沙米幼苗的光合速率缓慢下降,蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均呈波动式变化。随着沙埋时间的延长,和对照相比,沙米幼苗的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均随沙埋深度增加而大幅度下降,但水分利用效率仍呈波动式变化。沙埋第15天时其光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率分别较非沙埋对照下降了86.7%、89.0%、90.0%和4.2%。相关分析表明,沙米幼苗的存活率和高生长与其光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度变化呈显著正相关,而其光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度之间也呈显著正相关,但与水分利用效率的相关性未达到显著水平。沙埋胁迫下沙米幼苗存活率下降和生长抑制不仅源于沙埋造成幼苗顶土困难和光合面积减少,光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度下降也是重要原因。     

Effects of tussock size and soil water content on whole plant gas exchange in Stipa tenacissima L.: Extrapolating from the leaf versus modelling crown architecture

In this study we evaluated daily whole plant transpiration and net photosynthetic rates in Stipa tenacissima L. (Poaceae) tussocks of different sizes subjected to three levels of soil moisture. The crown architecture of 12 tussocks was reconstructed with the 3D computer model Yplant taking into account the morphology and physiology of the leaves determined at different soil moisture levels. We also calculated whole plant transpiration by extrapolating leaf transpiration in different senescence conditions measured with a diffusion porometer. This extrapolated transpiration overestimated transpiration, particularly when the soil moisture level was high (>15% of volumetric soil water content). At this high level of soil moisture, large tussocks (>60 cm in diameter), which were sexually mature and had a large leaf surface area, were the most efficient with regard to daily water use efficiency (whole plant net photosynthesis/whole plant transpiration). Whole plant water use efficiency decreased with tussock size primarily because small tussocks exhibited high transpiration rates. Small tussocks were more sensitive to soil drying than large and intermediate ones, presenting a faster rate of leaf senescence as water deficit increased. Leaf acclimation to irradiance, which was significantly influenced by the degree of mutual shading among neighbouring leaves, along with the ontogeny of the tussock and its effect upon leaf senescence were found to be the main mechanisms involved in the different responses to water limitations found in whole plant gas exchange variables. Our results show that the size of each individual plant must be taken into account in processes of scaling-up of carbon gain and transpiration from leaf to stand, as this is a particularly relevant aspect in estimating water use by semiarid vegetation.     

干旱胁迫对高山柳和沙棘幼苗光合生理特征的影响

为了解干旱河谷-山地森林交错带植物光合生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应。以交错带两种典型植物高山柳(Salix paraqplesia)和沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)为研究对象,研究其在不同程度的干旱胁迫条件下植株气体交换参数的日变化特征。干旱胁迫显著降低了两种植物叶片数、叶面积、叶片生物量、比叶面积、色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)和气孔限制值(Ls)等与光合生理过程密切相关的叶片指标,但增大了胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和内禀水分利用效率(WUEi)。植物叶片的气体交换参数(如:Pn和gs)日变化并未完全随着光合有效辐射的增强和温度的升高而增加,全天以11:00最大,"午休"现象明显。相对而言,沙棘在干旱胁迫条件下表现出相对较高的叶面积、Pn、gs和WUEi,具有相对更强的适应干旱环境的能力,而高山柳对干旱胁迫更为敏感。     

Influence of leaf size,orientation, and arrangement on temperature and transpiration in three high-elevation,large-leafed herbs

Summary The temperature and water relations of the largleafed, high-elevation species Frasera speciosa, Balsamorhiza sagittata, and Rumex densiflorus were evaluated in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeast Wyoming (USA) to determine the influence of leaf size, orientation, and arrangement on transpiration. These species characteristically have low minimum stomatal resistances (<60 s m^-1) and high maximum transpiration rates (>260 mg m^-2s^-1 for F. speciosa). Field measurements of leaf and microclimatic parameters were incorporated into a computer simulation using standard energy balance equations which predicted leaf temperature (T _leaf) and transpiration for various leaf sizes. Whole-plant transpiration during a day was simulated using field measurements for plants with natural leaf sizes and compared to transpiration rates simulated for plants having identical, but hypothetically smaller (0.5 cm) leaves during a clear day and a typically cloudy day. Although clear-day transpiration for F. speciosa plants with natural size leaves was only 2.0% less per unit leaf area than that predicted for plants with much smaller leaves, daily transpiration of B. sagittata and R. densiflorus plants with natural leaf sizes was 16.1% and 21.1% less, respectively. The predicted influence of a larger leaf size on transpiration for the cloudy day was similar to clear-day results except that F. speciosa had much greater decreases in transpiration (12.7%). The different influences of leaf size on transpiration between the three species was primarily due to major differences in leaf absorptance to solar radiation, orientation, and arrangement which caused large differences in T _leaf. Also, simulated increases in leaf size above natural sizes measured in the field resulted in only small additional decreases in predicted transpiration, indicating a leaf size that was nearly optimal for reducing transpiration. These results are discussed in terms of the possible evolution of a larger leaf size in combination with specific leaf absorptances, orientations and arrangements which could act to reduce transpiration for species growing in short-season habitats where the requirement for rapid carbon fixation might necessitate low stomatal resistances.     

干旱胁迫对高山柳和沙棘幼苗光合生理特征的影响

为了解干旱河谷-山地森林交错带植物光合生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应。以交错带两种典型植物高山柳(Salix paraqplesia)和沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)为研究对象,研究其在不同程度的干旱胁迫条件下植株气体交换参数的日变化特征。干旱胁迫显著降低了两种植物叶片数、叶面积、叶片生物量、比叶面积、色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)和气孔限制值(Ls)等与光合生理过程密切相关的叶片指标,但增大了胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和内禀水分利用效率(WUEi)。植物叶片的气体交换参数(如:Pn和gs)日变化并未完全随着光合有效辐射的增强和温度的升高而增加,全天以11:00最大,"午休"现象明显。相对而言,沙棘在干旱胁迫条件下表现出相对较高的叶面积、Pn、gs和WUEi,具有相对更强的适应干旱环境的能力,而高山柳对干旱胁迫更为敏感。