应用基因芯片分析甘蓝型油菜柱头特异表达基因

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)野生型(宁油10号)及其柱头授粉功能缺失突变体FS-M1为材料,使用油菜基因表达谱芯片筛选甘蓝型油菜柱头特异表达基因。在含有16 540个基因的油菜基因表达谱芯片中(43 803探针),获得了4 410条差异表达探针,选择部分差异表达基因进行实时定量PCR,所得结果与芯片检测结果相吻合。其中,野生型较FS-M1显著上调且获得209个功能注释的探针,对应198个基因,这些特异表达的基因主要富集在水解酶、转移酶、氧化还原酶和转录因子中;涉及较大的基因家族包括:细胞色素P450基因、GDSL脂肪酶/水解酶基因、ABC转运蛋白基因、myb转录因子基因、bHLH转录因子基因、过氧化物酶家族和受体激酶基因等。推测这些基因与甘蓝型油菜柱头发育及授粉功能有关。     

甘蓝型油菜花瓣缺失基因的图谱定位

在无花瓣品系APT02和正常有花瓣品种中双4号构建的的F2分离群体中,运用AFLP和SRAP两种标记技术对甘蓝型油菜花瓣缺失基因进行分子标记和图谱定位。在两亲本间筛选20对AFLP引物和170对SRAP 引物,进一步通过BSA法筛选,获得了与甘蓝型油菜花瓣缺失基因WHB连锁的1个SRAP标记e8m3_4（600bp）和1个AFLP标记E3247_15（150bp）,标记与基因WHB之间的遗传距离分别为5 cM和13.5cM;构建了一个甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus.L )的分子标记遗传连锁图谱,该图谱共包含213个AFLP标记、56个SRAP标记和1个形态标记,分布于17个主要连锁群、两个三联体和4个连锁对中,遗传图距总长2487.1cM,标记间平均距离为10.09 cM。通过图谱定位,控制花瓣缺失性状的基因WHB被定位到第4连锁群(LG4)上。     

甘蓝型油菜BnCYP78A8的克隆及序列分析

采用Genome walking方法,首次克隆到甘蓝型油菜BnCYP78A8的基因组序列,根据基因特异性引物克隆到其编码序列。基因组序列长1 679bp,有1个内含子和2个外显子。编码序列长1 605bp,编码534个氨基酸。序列比对分析表明,其氨基酸序列与拟南芥细胞色素P450单加氧酶基因(AtCYP78A8)的相似度高达88%。生物信息学分析显示,该蛋白含有1个细胞色素P450特有的亚铁血红素配合基结合位点和1个跨膜结构域。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,BnCYP78A8在甘蓝型油菜的各个器官组织均有表达,根中表达量最高,表明该基因可能参与根的生长发育。     

油菜矮秆突变WRKY转录因子cDNA克隆及表达分析

以甘蓝型油菜为材料,利用已建立的抑制性消减文库(SSH),采用RACE技术克隆到1个植物WRKY转录因子相关基因,命名为BnD11,其cDNA全长1034 bp,含有810 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码269个氨基酸。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥WRKY40氨基酸序列相似性为79%,与拟南芥中编码WRKY-DNA结合蛋白40基因的氨基酸序列相似性达78%,与其它多种植物的WRKY转录因子的氨基酸序列也有较高的相似性。半定量RT-PCR对BnD11进行组织特异性表达分析显示:在正常生长条件下,BnD11在野生型和矮秆油菜的各个组织中均有表达,但在矮秆突变的根、茎、茎尖的相对表达量明显高于野生型。研究表明,BnD11功能区段具有很高的保守性,可能参与了油菜的茎秆发育。     

青花菜谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的克隆及表达特性分析

本研究采用RT-PCR技术从青花菜自交系‘WN12-95B’中克隆到谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因。序列分析表明,青花菜GST基因全长690 bp,ORF长度为675 bp,推导编码蛋白含有224个氨基酸,相对分子量为26.15 kD,理论pI值为6.56,属于Tau类家族成员。青花菜GST蛋白的二级结构主要以α-螺旋和延伸链为主。通过构建系统进化树发现,GST基因与油菜、芜菁亲缘关系最近。利用荧光定量PCR检测GST基因在青花菜保持系不同组织中的表达量,结果显示GST基因在根、叶、荚中的表达丰度较高,花蕾中表达丰度较低。青花菜Ogu不育系及其保持系不同发育阶段花蕾时空表达特性分析表明,花蕾发育早期(2 mm)表达量最高,随着发育进程的推移,表达量逐渐下降。同时期不育系的表达量高于保持系。本研究为探讨青花菜GST基因在花粉发育过程中的功能提供一定理论依据。     

桂花类胡萝卜素异构酶基因的克隆及表达分析

利用已构建的桂花‘堰虹桂’花瓣转录组数据库中Unigene序列信息,结合RT-PCR技术对1个桂花类胡萝卜素异构酶基因(Of CRTISO)的最大阅读框进行扩增,并测序验证。生物信息学分析表明Of CRTISO基因含有长为1 842 bp的开放读码框,编码613个氨基酸残基。桂花Of CRTISO与已知胡麻科和茄科植物的CRTISO序列相似性最高,系统进化树分析发现Of CRTISO与芝麻CRTISO(XP_011077785)亲缘关系最近,聚为同一小支。表达分析发现,Of CRTISO基因在桂花‘堰虹桂’花蕾前期花序中的表达量极低,花蕾后期其表达量逐渐增加,初开期达到高峰,而盛开期时,其表达量显著下降。对桂花不同花色品种花瓣中Of CRTISO基因的表达分析表明,桂花初开期Of CRTISO基因的表达量可能影响盛开期各品种花瓣中类胡萝卜素的积累。     

甘蓝型油菜PGK基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究甘蓝型油菜磷酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)基因表达特性,在对拟南芥PGK基因家族生物信息学分析的基础上,通过电子克隆方法获得3个甘蓝型油菜PGK基因(BnPGK1、BnPGK2、BnPGK3)。分别设计特异引物,以甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系09A和保持系09B的cDNA为模板克隆BnPGK基因全长序列。根据获得的cDNA序列设计实时荧光定量特异引物,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究油菜雄性不育系与保持系PGK基因表达差异。结果显示:BnPGK基因在甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系09A和保持系09B的根、茎、叶、花蕾中均有表达,属组成性表达。除茎中的BnPGK3外,BnPGK其它基因在根、茎、叶中的表达均表现为09A高于09B,而在花蕾中均为09B高于09A,BnPGK1和BnPGK3在09B中的表达量是09A中的2倍以上。     

甘蓝型油菜SAMDC3基因及其启动子的克隆与分析

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)是植物体内亚精胺和精胺前体物质形成的关键酶。本研究克隆了甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)BnSAMDC3基因家族2个成员的全长cDNA和启动子序列,并对其诱导表达特性进行了鉴定。BnSAMDC3-1(GenBank accession No.HM013966)和BnSAMDC3-2(GenBank ac-cession No.HM013967)的全长cDNA分别为1746bp和1754bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度分别为1101bp和1104bp,在大ORF上游132bp处均包含一个171bp的小ORF。BnSAMDC3基因在叶片中表达量较高,受高温和干旱抑制。6-BA、GA3和SA抑制BnSAMDC3-1的表达,而GA3和甘露醇诱导BnSAMDC3-2表达上调。BnSAMDC3基因启动子具有多个与胁迫和激素诱导相关的顺势调控元件,表明BnSAMDC3可能通过ABA、6-BA和SA信号途径介导植物对非生物胁迫的响应。本研究将有助于进一步探讨甘蓝型油菜抗逆的分子机理,为甘蓝型油菜的栽培和品质改良奠定基础。     

甘蓝型油菜BnCYP79B1基因的克隆与表达

硫苷是十字花科植物的一种次生代谢产物,其合成途径受细胞色素P450的CYP79家族蛋白的调控,该实验采用同源克隆技术在甘蓝型油菜中克隆到了CYP79B1基因,命名为BnCYP79B1(GenBank登录号为JX535391.1)。BnCYP79B1基因cDNA全长1 625bp,编码一个含有541个氨基酸、理论等电点为8.88。序列对比结果显示,BnCYP79B1与花椰菜CYP79B1在DNA序列上的相似性为98.83%,推测蛋白氨基酸序列的相似性为99.26%。通过不同时期不同部位BnCYP79B1基因表达量的分析,发现BnCYP79B1基因在高秆高硫苷品系的根中表达量较高,而对矮秆高硫苷品系则是叶中表达量较高。在BnCYP79B1表达总量上,高秆品系较矮秆品系高,高硫苷品系较低硫苷品系高。     

茉莉花JsPAL基因及其启动子克隆与表达分析

苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)为茉莉花(Jasminum sambac)花香物质苯丙烷类合成的限速酶。为了解茉莉花花香形成的分子机理,以双瓣茉莉花瓣为材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术相结合的方法,克隆获得茉莉花苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的全长cDNA(GenBank:KM406501.1),命名为JsPAL,其全长cDNA为2 220 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为2 140 bp,编码712个氨基酸,含有lyase_I_like超家族蛋白保守域、活性位点及多肽结合位点。采用染色体步移技术,获得该基因的启动子序列。JsPAL基因上游调控序列为1 201 bp,其含有开花相关元件(CCAATBOX1)、PAL相关元件(BOXLCOREDCPAL、PALBOXPPC、PALBOXLPC、TATABOXOSPAL)以及花特异苯丙烷类相关元件(MYBPLANT)等与花香形成相关的重要顺式作用元件。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,在不同组织和花瓣发育过程中,JsPAL基因在茉莉花的花蕾、花瓣中表达量较高,并且在花瓣开放过程中的22:00前表达量较高,而后呈下调趋势。     

Analyses of the floral organ morphogenesis and the differentially expressed genes of an apetalous flower mutant in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>

The floral organ morphogenesis of the apetalous flower mutant Apet33-10 in Brassica napus was investigated and the result showed that all the floral organ morphogenesis was normal except that petal primordium was not observed during flower development. Eighteen genes were found to be down regulated in early floral buds (less than 200 μm in length) of Apet33-10 at the stage of floral organ initiation by means of suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) and RT-PCR. These genes were involved in petal identity, calcium iron signal transduction, mRNA processing, protein synthesis and degradation, construction of cytoskeleton, hydrogen transportation, nucleic acid binding, alkaloid biosynthesis and unknown function. Three overall coding region cDNAs of APETALA3 (AP3) gene, BnAP3-2, BnAP3-3 and BnAP3-4 were obtained by RT-PCR, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression ratio among BnAP3-2, BnAP3-3 and BnAP3-4 was 3.67:3.68:1 in early floral buds of wild type Pet33-10. The expression level of BnAP3-2, BnAP3-3 and BnAP3-4 in early floral buds of Apet33-10 was down-regulated to 36.6, 28.3 and 66.8% with the comparison of that of wild type, respectively, and the overall expression level of AP3 genes in apetalous mutant amounted to 45.0% of that in wild type. The difference in the expression level of each AP3 gene in stamen between apetalous and wild type lines was not significant. It is suggested that lower abundant expression of AP3 genes during the early flower development might be enough for stamen primordium initiation, but not enough for petal primordium initiation in the apetalous line Apet33-10. Y.T. Zhou and H.Y. Wang are committed as the first author.     

Isolation and characterization of a Brassica napus cDNA corresponding to a B-class floral development gene

B-class floral homeotic genes are required for the proper formation and identity of petals and stamens in dicot flowers. A partial cDNA clone encoding a B-class gene, BnAP3 (Brassica napus APETALA3), was isolated from a B. napus cDNA library derived from young inflorescence meristems. The 5' region of the cDNA was retrieved by RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence of the full-length clone exhibited high similarity to APETALA3 of Arabidopsis thaliana and functionally homologous proteins from other species. 5' RACE and Southern analysis suggests that BnAP3 has multiple alleles in B. napus. Expression analysis assayed by RT-PCR shows that BnAP3 is expressed in floral tissues, as well as non-floral tissues such as root and bract. Transformation of wild-type A. thaliana and B. napus plants with BnAP3 under the control of a promoter specific to reproductive organs converts carpels to stamens, while the expression of this construct in A. thaliana plants mutant for AP3 restores the development of third-whorl stamens in addition to directing a carpel to stamen conversion in the fourth whorl.     

A pin gene families encoding components of auxin efflux carriers in Brassica juncea

Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues from Brassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3 encoded proteins containing 640 and 635 amino acid residues, respectively, which shared 97.5% identities with each other and were highly homologous to Arabidopsis PIN1, PIN2 and other putative PIN proteins. BjPIN2 and BjPIN3 had similar structures as AtPIN proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin2 was expressed in stem, leaf and floral tissues, while Bjpin3 was expressed predominantly in stem and hypocotyls. Two promoter fragments of pin genes, Bjpin-X and Bjpin-Z, were isolated by 'genome walking' technique using primers at 5'-end of pin cDNA. Promoter-gus fusion studies revealed the GUS activities driven by Bjpin-X were at internal side of xylem and petal; while those driven by Bjpin-Z were detected at leaf vein, epidermal cell and cortex of stem, vascular tissues and anther. Results of the pin genes with different expression patterns in B. juncea suggested the presence of a gene family.     

A Pin gene families encoding components of auxin efflux carriers in Brassica juncea

Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues from Brassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3 encoded proteins containing 640 and 635 amino acid residues, respectively, which shared 97.5% identities with each other and were highly homologous to Arabidopsis PIN1, PIN2 and other putative PIN proteins. BJPIN2 and BjPIN3 had similar structures as AtPIN proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin2 was expressed in stem, leaf and floral tissues, while Bjpin3 was expressed predominantly in stem and hypocotyls. Two promoter fragments of pin genes, Bjpin-X and Bjpin-Z, were isolated by 'genome walking' technique using primers at 5'-end of pin cDNA. Promoter-gus fusion studies revealed the GUS activities driven by Bjpin-X were at internal side of xylem and petal; while those driven by Bjpin-Z were detected at leaf vein, epidermal cell and cortex of stem, vascular tissues and anther. Results of the pin gene     

Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of two cDNAs encoding polyketide synthases from Hypericum perforatum

Two previously uncharacterized cDNAs encoding for polyketide synthases (PKSs), designated as HpPKS1 and HpPKS2, were isolated from Hypericum perforatum. The full-length HpPKS1 was 1573bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1161bp encoding for a 386 amino acid protein. The full-length cDNA of HpPKS2 was 1559bp with an ORF of 1182bp encoding for a 393 amino acid protein. The highly conserved catalytic amino acid residues common to plant-specific PKSs were preserved in both genes. HpPKS1 and HpPKS2 exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in H. perforatum. The HpPKS1 expression was highest in flower buds and lowest in root tissues. The expression of HpPKS2 was found to be high in flower buds and leaf margins and low in leaf interior parts, stems and roots. The expression of the HpPKS1 was found to correlate with the concentrations of hyperforin and adhyperforin while the expression of HpPKS2 showed correlation with the concentrations of hypericins and pseudohypericins in H. perforatum tissues.     

Complexity and expression of the glutamine synthetase multigene family in the amphidiploid crop Brassica napus

In the amphidiploid genome of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) the diploid ancestral genomes of B. campestris and B. oleracea have been merged. As a result of this crossing event, all gene loci, gene families, or multigene families of the A and C genome types encoding a certain protein are now combined in one plant genome.In the case of the multigene family for glutamine synthetase, the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation, six different cDNA sequences were isolated from leaf and root specific libraries. One sequence pair (BnGSL1/BnGSL2) was characterized by the presence of amino- terminal transit peptides, a typical feature of all nuclear encoded chloroplast proteins. Two other cDNA pairs (BnGSR1-1/BnGSR1-2 and BnGSR2-1/BnGSR2-2) with very high homology between each other were found in a root specific cDNA library and represent protein subunits for cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoforms.Comparative PCR amplifications of genomic DNA isolated from B. napus, B. campestris and B. oleracea followed by sequence–specific restriction analyses of the PCR products permitted the assignment of the cDNA sequences to either the A genome type (BnGSL1/BnGSR1- 1/BnGSR2-1) or the C genome type (BnGSL2/BnGSR1-2/BnGSR2-2). Consequently, the ancestral GS genes of B. campestris and B. oleracea are expressed simultaneously in oilseed rape. This result was also confirmed by RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of RT-PCR products.In addition, the different GS genes showed tissue specific expression patterns which are correlated with the state of development of the plant material. Especially for the GS genes encoding the cytosolic GS isoform BnGSR2, a marked increase of expression could be observed after the onset of leaf senescence.