炎症性肠病患者肠道菌群分布及其与炎症指标和免疫球蛋白水平的关系

目的研究炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者肠道菌群分布特点及其与血清髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、免疫球蛋白表达的关系。方法选择2015年5月至2018年5月在延安市中医医院诊断治疗的65例炎症性肠病患者为观察组,另选取于本院体检的65例无消化系统疾病者作为对照组,分析两组患者肠道菌群分布特点以及血清MPO、CRP和免疫球蛋白表达情况,同时分析其相关性。结果观察组患者肠道乳杆菌(t=6.128,P<0.001)、双歧杆菌(t=14.029,P<0.001)、肠球菌(t=7.858,P<0.001)、真杆菌(t=15.220,P<0.001)水平显著低于对照组。观察组患者血清MPO(t=21.016,P<0.001)、CRP(t=58.970,P<0.001)水平显著高于对照组,IgA(t=2.967,P=0.004)、IgM(t=4.859,P<0.001)、IgG(t=19.828,P<0.001)水平显著低于对照组。相关性分析显示,IBD患者IgA、IgM、IgG水平与肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、真杆菌数量均呈正相关,血清MPO、CRP水平与肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、真杆菌数量均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论在炎症性肠病的发展中,肠道菌群与血清MPO、CRP水平及免疫球蛋白水平均具有相关性,可作为IBD患者诊断和治疗的依据。     

基于16S rDNA测序技术分析薏苡附子败酱散对急性溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的从肠道菌群的角度探索薏苡附子败酱散治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的作用机制。方法将24只雄性SPF级C75BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药对照组、中药组4个组别,通过自由饮用3% DSS溶液的方法制作急性UC小鼠模型。造模成功后,中药组予以1.048 g/mL的薏苡附子败酱散溶液,阳性药对照组予以0.031 g/mL的嗜酸乳杆菌(益君康)溶液,空白组和模型组予以同等体积的生理盐水,7 d的治疗结束后处死所有小鼠,取小鼠结肠组织和肠内容物。实验过程中监测小鼠的体质量、精神等一般情况,进行DAI评分,HE染色法在光镜下观察小鼠肠道病理变化,进行HS评分。提取肠道菌群的DNA,采用高通量测序技术对其16S rDNA V4区进行测序分析,并采用PCR荧光定量技术对肠道菌群中的乳杆菌进行定量检测。结果模型组小鼠DAI评分明显高于空白组(t=4.137 0,P=0.000 4),药物干预后,中药组和阳性药对照组DAI评分明显下降(t=2.240 3,P=0.035 0;t=2.081 6,P=0.048 6),差异均有统计学意义;病理HS评分显示,与模型组比较,其余组别小鼠HS评分均明显降低(空白组:t=5.452 8,P=0.000 2;中药组:t=3.117 1,P=0.009 8;阳性药对照组:t=3.306 2,P=0.007 0),差异均有统计学意义;测序结果显示模型组小鼠肠道菌群物种多样性和丰度均明显降低,药物干预后菌群多样性和丰度提高,模型组致病菌丰度较高,药物治疗后可增加有益菌数量,减少致病菌数量。PCR荧光定量检测乳杆菌结果显示,与模型组相比,其余组别小鼠肠道中乳杆菌含量均明显增加(空白组:t=3.871 8,P=0.002 6;中药组:t=2.224 3,P=0.048 0;阳性药对照组:t=2.976 4,P=0.012 6),差异均有统计学意义,而阳性药对照组和中药组之间未见明显区别(t=2.007 0,P=0.070 0)。结论薏苡附子败酱散能够调节肠道菌群的结构,增加物种多样性,改善和恢复有益菌和有害菌的丰度比例,从而发挥对急性UC的治疗作用,其中乳杆菌发挥了明显作用。     

高脂饮食诱导的C57BL/6J肥胖小鼠脂肪组织RIP140基因表达水平的研究(英文)

目的:探讨高脂饮食致肥胖小鼠脂肪组织RIP140mRNA表达水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:将C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为正常饮食(NFD)组、高脂饮食(HFD)组分别喂养14周后,测量两组小鼠体重,以NFD组小鼠体重作为对照,选取HFD组中体重大于对照组小鼠平均体重20%的小鼠作为肥胖组小鼠。对照组和肥胖组小鼠取血测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素水平(FIns),计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);采用RT-PCR技术检测两组小鼠附睾脂肪组织RIP140 mRNA的表达水平,并进行统计学分析。结果:HDF组小鼠中有12只符合标准计入肥胖组。肥胖组小鼠TG、TC、FBG、FIns(P0.05),HOMA-IR(P0.01)均明显高于对照组;肥胖组小鼠脂肪组织RIP140 mRNA的表达高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);相关分析显示小鼠脂肪组织RIP140 mRNA表达水平与TG水平呈正相关(r=0.536,P0.05),与胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关(r=0.465,P0.05),而与TC、FBG、FIns水平相关分析无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠脂肪组织RIP140 mRNA表达增加,并与胰岛素抵抗程度呈正相关。     

去卵巢小鼠肠道菌群和血脂的变化

目的探讨去卵巢对小鼠肠道菌群和血脂的影响。方法 12只10周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组:假手术组(SHAM组)和去卵巢组(OVX组),每组6只,进行12周的喂养。每2周测定小鼠体质量,12周后测肝脏指数、血清三酰甘油水平和游离脂肪酸水平,小肠进行病理学检查,收集小鼠粪便并在Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行16S rRNA基因测序检测。结果与SHAM组相比,OVX组小鼠体质量、肝脏指数、血清三酰甘油水平和游离脂肪酸水平明显增加(t=4.745,t=15.090,t=11.140,t=4.038,均P0.01)。与SHAM组相比,OVX组小鼠肠道Shannon Wiener指数明显降低(t=4.520,P0.01);在SMB53属(P=0.001)、拟杆菌属(P=0.017)、优杆菌属(P=0.018)、粪球菌属(P=0.019)、赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(P=0.020)的丰度上差异有统计学意义。结论去卵巢小鼠血脂升高和肠道菌群失衡,提示肠道菌群可能是预防和治疗雌激素缺乏后脂质代谢异常的潜在靶点。     

甘草酸调控AMPK/ACC/SREBP信号通路改善胰岛素抵抗的机制

为了观察甘草酸对胰岛素抵抗的作用,探究其可能的机制,将50只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、甘草酸高剂量组、甘草酸低剂量组和二甲双胍组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余小鼠采用长期高脂饮食法,复制胰岛素抵抗模型,并给予相应药物进行干预。采用全自动生化仪测定小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);检测小鼠血糖和胰岛素的水平,观察其糖耐量和胰岛素耐量变化;Western blotting法检测肝脏腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、磷酸化乙酰辅酸A羟化酶(ACC)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)的表达。结果表明:长期高脂饮食的小鼠TC、TG和LDL-C明显升高,空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平均明显升高,糖耐量和胰岛素耐量出现异常,肝脏AMPK和ACC的磷酸化水平和SREBP表达下降,与正常组小鼠相比,具有极显著性差异(P0.01)。经药物干预后,甘草酸高、低剂量组和二甲双胍组小鼠体质量下降,TC、TG和LDL-C明显降低,空腹血糖和血清胰岛素降低,糖耐量和胰岛素耐量异常得到改善,AMPK和ACC的磷酸化水平和SREBP表达升高,与模型组小鼠相比,具有显著性差异(P0.01,P0.05)。因此,本研究表明:甘草酸能够改善长期高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗,其机制可能与其调节肝脏AMPK/ACC/SREBP通路有关。     

肠道菌群及代谢与载脂蛋白E在动脉粥样硬化中的相互作用

目的明确肠道菌群及代谢与载脂蛋白在动脉粥样硬化中的相互作用。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠作为对照组(n=5),载脂蛋白E基因敲除(apolipoprotein E-deficient mice,ApoE~(-/-))小鼠作为动脉粥样硬化模型组(n=8),均为6周龄雄性。两组小鼠均给予高脂饮食,饲养12周后麻醉、摘眼球取血,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血脂,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血浆氧化三甲胺(Trimethylamine N-oxid,TMAO)的含量,留取粪便用于肠道菌群16S rRNA V3-V4区域的测序进行菌群鉴定,油红"O"染色主动脉根部确定动脉粥样硬化斑块面积。结果血清学指标:ApoE~(-/-)小鼠较对照组血浆中TMAO(t=-2.87,P0.05)、LDL(t=-11.76,P0.05)、TG(t=-3.56,P0.01)、TC(t=-12.38,P0.01)含量及动脉粥样硬化斑块面积(t=-11.94,P0.01)显著增加,HDL含量降低(t=3.63,P0.01)。肠道菌群测序:两组小鼠随着动脉斑块面积的增加,肠道微生物的丰富度、物种组成及功能预测分析等差异均有统计学意义,还发现ApoE~(-/-)小鼠能够生成TMAO的肠道菌群包括Anaeroplasma、Anaeroplasmatales、Anaeroplasmataceae、Proteus、Paraprevotella和Paraprevotellaceae,而对照组生成TMAO的菌群只有1类,为Anaerotruncus。结论 C57BL/6J小鼠与ApoE~(-/-)小鼠肠道微生物群落的组成、功能及其代谢产物TMAO的血浆含量各不相同,提示ApoE基因缺乏的宿主除导致脂质代谢紊乱外,在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中一定程度上影响着肠道菌群的代谢。     

新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道短链脂肪酸的调节作用

目的研究新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道短链脂肪酸的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组(n=10)、高剂量组(n=10)、中剂量组(n=10)和低剂量组(n=10),给药14 d,用气相色谱法测定粪样中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸水平。结果相比空白对照组,低剂量组小鼠肠道粪样中乙酸水平显著升高(F=4.662,P=0.011),丙酸水平显著降低(F=3.097,P0.007),中剂量组与高剂量组比较差异无统计学意义。乙酸与乳杆菌属呈正相关(r=0.491,P=0.017),丙酸与乳杆菌属呈负相关(r=-0.425,P=0.038)。结论新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道短链脂肪酸具有一定的调节作用。     

藤三七类黄酮组分对小鼠代谢综合征模型及其肠道菌群的调节作用

目的探究类黄酮组分对小鼠代谢综合征模型及肠道菌群的调节作用。方法 SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠分为对照组(NFD)、模型组(HFD)、类黄酮组(HFD+fla),每组6只。采用高脂饲料和高果糖建立代谢综合征模型,处理8周。类黄酮组用100mg/(kg·d)藤三七类黄酮灌胃。记录动物进食量和饮水量,测空腹血糖和体重。第8周处死动物,解剖获取肝脏和附睾脂肪组织。测定总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。小鼠肝脏组织切片进行HE染色观察。取小鼠粪便,应用PCR-DGGE技术分析肠道菌群。结果模型组小鼠TC明显高于对照组(P=0.000),类黄酮组TC显著低于模型组(P=0.007)。模型组LDL-C显著高于对照组(P=0.031),类黄酮组LDL与模型组差异无统计学意义(P=0.072),但有降低趋势。肝脏脏器系数与脂肪系数组间比较差异无统计学意义(F=1.891,P=0.185),但类黄酮组与模型组相比,有降低趋势;模型组小鼠血清TG较对照组降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=7.738,P=0.005)。模型组小鼠HDL较对照组升高,组间比较差异无统计学意义(F=3.621,P=0.052);肝脏病理学结果显示,类黄酮组肝细胞水肿得到了明显改善。模型组小鼠肠道菌群多样性和拟杆菌属细菌低于对照组;类黄酮组相比于模型组,肠道菌群多样性和拟杆菌属细菌有所恢复,嗜胆菌属细菌增加。结论藤三七类黄酮组分能促进肠道主要益生菌的生长,可以显著降低BALB/c小鼠TC水平,并有降低血清LDL-C的趋势。类黄酮明显改善小鼠肝细胞水肿,促进肠道菌群的恢复。     

研究: PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯促进HepG2摄取脂质

为研究PCSK9/LDLR通路介导姜黄素烟酸酯(CurTn)降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),减少动脉内膜下脂质沉积的分子机制,用5、10、15 μmo/L姜黄素烟酸酯与25 mg/L LDL共孵育HepG2细胞24 h,分别采用油红O染色、胆固醇荧光定量试剂盒、DiI-LDL摄取检测细胞内胆固醇含量及LDL摄取情况,用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-Q-PCR)检测LDLR及SREBP2的mRNA表达,蛋白质印迹检测LDLR、SREBP2及PCSK9蛋白表达．随姜黄素烟酸酯作用浓度的增高细胞内脂滴显著增多,细胞内游离胆固醇(FC)、总胆固醇(TC)含量增高,细胞内胆固醇摄取增多;RT-Q-PCR和蛋白质印迹检测发现,与对照组(Control)比较,5、10、15 μmo/L 姜黄素烟酸酯处理组LDLR 蛋白表达增高,SREBP2 mRNA表达水平升高,PCSK9蛋白表达降低,但对LDLR mRNA及SREBP2 蛋白表达无影响．结果表明：姜黄素烟酸酯通过降低PCSK9、减少LDLR降解、升高LDLR蛋白表达,促进HepG2细胞胆摄取胆固醇．初步说明CurTn可能通过抑制PCSK9介导LDLR溶酶体降解,促进肝脏清除血浆LDL-C水平．     

益生菌对老年2型糖尿病患者的影响

目的探讨益生菌对老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群、肠道屏障功能及糖脂代谢水平的影响。方法选取2017年10月至2019年10月我院收治的200例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。入选患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各100例。比较两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群变化情况,血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)、内毒素(ET)、D 乳酸(D lac)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL C)水平。记录两组患者治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌及酵母菌数量比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌数量均显著增加,而肠球菌、肠杆菌及酵母菌数量显著降低,同时观察组患者变化幅度大于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者血清DAO、ET、D lac、HbA_1c、FPG、TC、TG、LDL C、HDL C水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清DAO、ET、D lac、HbA_1c、FPG、TC、TG、LDL C、HDL C水平均显著降低(P<0.05),同时观察组上述指标水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗过程中不良反应总发生率为9.0%,对照组为7.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.272,P=0.602)。结论益生菌可有效调节老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群,提高肠道屏障功能,控制糖脂代谢水平,安全性较高,具有较好的辅助治疗作用。     

Human dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase form a complex in vitro and co-localize in normal and cancer cells

Enzymes involved in thymidylate biosynthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are well-known targets in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time, that human TS and DHFR form a strong complex in vitro and co-localize in human normal and colon cancer cell cytoplasm and nucleus. Treatment of cancer cells with methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil did not affect the distribution of either enzyme within the cells. However, 5-FU, but not MTX, lowered the presence of DHFR-TS complex in the nucleus by 2.5-fold. The results may suggest the sequestering of TS by FdUMP in the cytoplasm and thereby affecting the translocation of DHFR-TS complex to the nucleus. Providing a strong likelihood of DHFR-TS complex formation in vivo, the latter complex is a potential new drug target in cancer therapy. In this paper, known 3D structures of human TS and human DHFR, and some protozoan bifunctional DHFR-TS structures as templates, are used to build an in silico model of human DHFR–TS complex structure, consisting of one TS dimer and two DHFR monomers. This complex structure may serve as an initial 3D drug target model for prospective inhibitors targeting interfaces between the DHFR and TS enzymes.     

Improvement of protein stability in protein microarrays

Protein stability in microarrays was improved using protein stabilizers. PEG 200 at 30% (w/v) was the most efficient stabilizer giving over 4-fold improvement in protein stability compared to without the stabilizer. PEG 200 above 10% (w/v) in the array solution prevented the evaporation of water in the sample and thereby improved protein stability in the microarray. When the streptavidin-biotin binding reaction was performed under optimized conditions, biotin-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was detected from 1 ng ml^–1 to 5 g ml^–1 by fluorescence analysis.     

蛋白磷酸化修饰在植物-病原微生物互作中的作用研究进展

蛋白磷酸化修饰是植物细胞信号调控的普遍机制。植物-病原微生物互作过程中, 关键调控蛋白的磷酸化状态影响免疫信号的激活。多种病原微生物通过干扰宿主蛋白的磷酸化状态攻击免疫系统, 以提高致病性。该文对植物免疫调控过程中关键元件的磷酸化修饰及其在免疫信号中的调控作用进行了综述。研究植物-病原菌互作过程中关键蛋白的磷酸化修饰, 有助于深入探讨植物-病原微生物互作的分子机理。该文将为寻找广谱抗病的新途径提供理论依据。     

蛋白质相互作用研究的新技术与新方法

目前,蛋白质相互作用已成为蛋白质组学研究的热点. 新方法的建立及对已有技术的改进标志着蛋白质相互作用研究的不断发展和完善．在技术改进方面,本文介绍了弥补酵母双杂交的蛋白定位受限等缺陷的细菌双杂交系统;根据目标蛋白特性设计和修饰TAP标签来满足复合体研究要求的串联亲和纯化技术,以及在双分子荧光互补基础上发展的动态检测多个蛋白质间瞬时、弱相互作用的多分子荧光互补技术．还综述了近两年建立的新方法：与免疫共沉淀相比,寡沉淀技术直接研究具有活性的蛋白质复合体;减量式定量免疫沉淀方法排除了蛋白质复合体中非特异性相互作用的干扰;原位操作的多表位－配基绘图法避免了样品间差异的影响,以及利用多点吸附和交联加固研究弱蛋白质相互作用的固相蛋白质组学方法.     

Atomic contact vectors in protein-protein recognition

The ability to analyze and compare protein-protein interactions on the structural level is critical to our understanding of various aspects of molecular recognition and the functional interplay of components of biochemical networks. In this study, we introduce atomic contact vectors (ACVs) as an intuitive way to represent the physico-chemical characteristics of a protein-protein interface as well as a way to compare interfaces to each other. We test the utility of ACVs in classification by using them to distinguish between homodimers and crystal contacts. Our results compare favorably with those reported by other authors. We then apply ACVs to mine the PDB for all known protein-protein complexes and separate transient recognition complexes from permanent oligomeric ones. Getting at the basis of this difference is important for our understanding of recognition and we achieved a success rate of 91% for distinguishing these two classes of complexes. Although accessible surface area of the interface is a major discriminating feature, we also show that there are distinct differences in the contact preferences between the two kinds of complexes. Illustrating the superiority of ACVs as a basic comparison measure over a sequence-based approach, we derive a general rule of thumb to determine whether two protein-protein interfaces are redundant. With this method, we arrive at a nonredundant set of 209 recognition complexes--the largest set reported so far.     

Energetics of aliphatic deletions in protein cores

Although core residues can sometimes be replaced by shorter ones without introducing significant changes in protein structure, the energetic consequences are typically large and destabilizing. Many efforts have been devoted to understand and predict changes in stability from analysis of the environment of mutated residues, but the relationships proposed for individual proteins have often failed to describe additional data. We report here 17 apoflavodoxin large-to-small mutations that cause overall protein destabilizations of 0.6-3.9 kcal.mol(-1). By comparing two-state urea and three-state thermal unfolding data, the overall destabilizations observed are partitioned into effects on the N-to-I and on the I-to-U equilibria. In all cases, the equilibrium intermediate exerts a "buffering" effect that reduces the impact of the overall destabilization on the N-to-I equilibrium. The performance of several structure-energetics relationships, proposed to explain the energetics of hydrophobic shortening mutations, has been evaluated by using an apoflavodoxin data set consisting of 14 mutations involving branching-conservative aliphatic side-chain shortenings and a larger data set, including similar mutations implemented in seven model proteins. Our analysis shows that the stability changes observed for any of the different types of mutations (LA, IA, IV, and VA) in either data set are best explained by a combination of differential hydrophobicity and of the calculated volume of the modeled cavity (as previously observed for LA and IA mutations in lysozyme T4). In contrast, sequence conservation within the flavodoxin family, which is a good predictor for charge-reversal stabilizing mutations, does not perform so well for aliphatic shortening ones.     

Determining and visualizing flexibility in protein structures

How to compare the structures of an ensemble of protein conformations is a fundamental problem in structural biology. As has been previously observed, the widely used RMSD measure due to Kabsch, in which a rigid‐body superposition minimizing the least‐squares positional deviations is performed, has its drawbacks when comparing and visualizing a set of flexible protein structures. Here, we develop a method, fleximatch, of protein structure comparison that takes flexibility into account. Based on a distance matrix measure of flexibility, a weighted superposition of distance matrices rather than of atomic coordinates is performed. Subsequently, this allows a consistent determination of (a) a superposition of structures for visualization, (b) a partitioning of the protein structure into rigid molecular components (core atoms), and (c) an atomic mobility measure. The method is suitable for highlighting both particularly flexible and rigid parts of a protein from structures derived from NMR, X‐ray diffraction or molecular simulation. Proteins 2015; 83:820–826. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Protein misfolding, aggregation, and degradation in disease

Pathologies associated with protein misfolding have been observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, metabolic diseases like phenylketonuria, and diseases affecting structural proteins like collagen or keratin. Misfolding of mutant proteins in these and many other diseases may result in premature degradation, formation of toxic aggregates, or incorporation of toxic conformations into structures. We review common traits of these diverse diseases under the unifying view of protein misfolding. The molecular pathogenesis is discussed in the context of protein quality control systems consisting of molecular chaperones and intracellular proteases that assist the folding and supervise the maintenance of the folded structure. Furthermore, genetic and environmental factors that may modify the severity of these diseases are underscored. The present article represents a partly revised and updated version of chapter 1 published earlier in volume 232 of the series Methods in Molecular Biology (Walker, J. M., ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ), Protein Misfolding and Disease: Principles and Protocols (Bross, P. & Gregersen, N., eds.), pp. 3–16 (2003).     

植物磷胁迫蛋白和铁胁迫蛋白研究进展

综述了近十年来国内外有关研究植物磷胁迫蛋白和铁胁迫蛋白的文献,着重阐述了磷胁迫和铁胁迫条件下的植物蛋白质变化,如新的蛋白和新的多肽的特异产生,以及相关的分子生物学进展。     

富含半胱氨酸的GASA小分子蛋白研究进展

GASA蛋白是植物特有的一类富含半胱氨酸的小分子蛋白, 大多定位于细胞壁, 在植物生长发育和激素信号转导过程中发挥重要作用。该蛋白具有富含12个半胱氨酸残基的GASA结构域, 该结构域被认为是GASA蛋白维持空间结构和发挥功能的关键区域。该文重点综述了植物GASA蛋白的分子结构、亚细胞定位和生物学功能, 并对相关领域的研究进行了 展望。