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当前在全球气候变化和人类活动双重作用下,湿地正在或者将要面临着显著的盐分变化形势,尤其是内陆和滨海咸化湿地。湿地是大气甲烷的重要排放源。甲烷排放是甲烷产生、氧化和传输过程综合作用的结果。盐分变化将影响湿地水-土环境,降低植物群落初级生产力和有机物积累速率,改变微生物主导的有机物矿化速率和途径等,进而改变湿地生态系统的结构和功能,影响湿地甲烷产生、氧化、传输和排放系列过程。本文综述了盐分(浓度与组成)对湿地甲烷产生与排放的影响结果,从底物供给、微生物(产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌等)数量、活性与群落组成、酶活性、植物、电子受体、p H和氧化还原电位等几个关键方面分析了盐分影响湿地甲烷排放过程的内在机制。在此基础上提出了今后需重点关注的5个方面:1)加强盐分浓度与组成对湿地甲烷产生、氧化、传输与排放影响的系统性、框架性研究;2)深入探讨盐分背景、变化幅度与速率的耦合如何影响湿地甲烷系列过程;3)不同离子组成及其交互效应如何影响湿地甲烷动态过程;4)结合生物学、基因组学及同位素技术等,加强湿地产甲烷菌与甲烷氧化菌与盐分的关系及其响应研究;5)湿地甲烷对盐分变化响应的时空分异规律。 相似文献
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选择上海滨海地区湿地植被为研究对象,采用典型样地与标准样方相结合的调查方法,从属种和生物多样性角度分析不同旅游开发方式对滨海湿地植被的影响。结果如下:(1)根据滨海旅游区水域开放程度,可将开发类型分为封闭式、半封闭式以及开放式3种,不同旅游开发类型对滨海湿地植被影响程度不同;(2)研究区封闭式相比较半封闭式和开放式旅游开发类型,可以提高区域内物种数量,物种数量增加分别增多33和45种,但本地物种所占比例下降,从70%分别下降到26.26%和21.73%;(3)旅游开发封闭性越强,生物多样性越高,封闭式、半封闭式以及开放式旅游开发区域生物多样性Shanno-Winner指数分别为0.92、1.07和1.51,区域内均匀度指数随封闭性增加而有所降低,Shanno-Winner均匀度指数从最高0.71降到最低0.52;(4)滨海湿地植被对不同类型旅游开发响应不同,封闭度越高,区域内植被响应度越强,封闭式、半封闭式以及开放式植被响应指数分别为2.2、2.0和1.8。 相似文献
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蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫是半变态类(Hemimetabola)昆虫,它的一生经过卵、若虫和成虫3个阶段。和其他水生昆虫一样,蜻蜓目昆虫是淡水生物群落的重要组成部分,对淡水生态系统起到重要作用。蜻蜓目昆虫在其生活史中,取食、交配等活动离不开水生植物和水域附近的植被。为了研究蜻蜓栖息生境中的湿地植被特征对蜻蜓生态分布影响,对北京地区不同湿地类型的17块样地中296个样方分布的蜻蜓种类、多度以及湿地植被的特征和植物多样性进行调查,记录到蜻蜓6科26属36种,维管植物40科99属150种。应用TWINSPAN对蜻蜓种类和样地进行双向聚类分析,所有样地被划分成为四组。同时,将植被特征因子和湿地植物的多样性视为影响蜻蜓数量及分布的因子进行CCA分析。结果表明:湿地植物的丰富度与植物群落结构的完整性是影响蜻蜓分布的主要因素;各湿地植被特征因子对于蜻蜓生态分布的影响不一,依贡献率由大及小依次为浮水植物层盖度、湿生植物盖度、G1eason丰富度指数、沉水植物层盖度、G-F多样性指数、挺水植物层盖度。并且首次应用G-F多样性指数分析湿地植物的多样性。对于蜻蜓栖息地的保护、城市中对于湿地的兴建和改造也提出了相关保护建议。 相似文献
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较为系统地分析了广西主要的湿地植被类型及其分类系统.依据中国湿地植被的分类原则和分类系统,结合广西湿地植被的生境特征和群落学特征,将广西湿地植被划分为5个植被型组、12个植被型、7个植被亚型、144个群系. 相似文献
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为研究新疆准噶尔盆地艾比湖湿地不同植物群落近10年土壤水盐及养分的动态变化,以环湖1周160km范围内的典型植被梭梭-柽柳、梭梭、胡杨、芦苇群落为研究对象,分析其在2006和2015年土壤含水量、盐分含量、pH值和有机质含量的变化和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)近10年艾比湖湿地不同植物群落土壤有机质含量和含水量明显下降且整体水平较低,二者分别下降了24.65%~48%和5.41%~20.16%;土壤含盐量、pH值分别上升81.92%~128.74%和2.99%~4.21%,土壤盐碱程度加强。(2)通过土壤水分-盐分-养分空间分布分析显示,各群落近10年土壤盐渍化增加、养分降低程度大小表现为梭梭-柽柳群落胡杨群落梭梭群落芦苇群落,其中梭梭-柽柳群落土壤达到重度盐化水平,有机质降到6级,而其他群落土壤均为中度盐化,有机质为4级,但芦苇群落土壤退化程度较小。研究发现,近10年艾比湖湿地不同植物群落土壤养分不断下降、水分含量降低、盐渍化程度加剧,土壤处于退化状态;土壤质地、降水和气温暖干化是不同植物群落下土壤退化程度差异的基础,人口、耕地面积和农业用水等人类活动使各群落土壤退化程度的差异更加显著。 相似文献
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湿地退化评价指标体系研究是湿地退化研究的重要科学问题,该研究以隆宝高寒沼泽湿地为例,分析了不同退化程度湿地植被的变化特征,并利用主成分分析法以多个植被指标构建了湿地退化的植被评价指数。结果表明:(1)随着湿地退化程度加剧,沼生植物重要值减小,湿中生植物重要值增大,植物群落由小苔草(Carex parva)群落向藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)群落演替。(2)随着湿地退化程度加剧,物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度均逐渐增大,其中,重度退化阶段与未退化阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)地上生物量随着湿地退化显著降低(P<0.05),而地下生物量则呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中,在10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层,重度退化阶段与轻度退化阶段间均差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)主成分分析显示,9个植物群落指标简化为第1和第2主成分,累计解释量达91.7%。第一主成分上盖度、地上生物量、沼生植物重要值和中生植物重要值具有较高载荷,达0.9以上,对于湿地退化的指示性较好。(5)不同退化阶段的湿地植被评价指数(SVEI)分别为,未退化阶段-3.23~-1.98,轻度退化阶段-0.54~0.51,重度退化阶段2.15~3.26。研究认为,利用多个植被指标构建的湿地退化植被评价指数可以很好地指示隆宝湿地的退化程度,且湿地植被评价指数值越大,湿地退化越严重;不同退化程度湿地的植被评价指数阈值为:未退化阶段SVEI<-1,轻度退化阶段-1≤SVEI≤1,重度退化阶段SVEI>1。 相似文献
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以黄河三角洲自然保护区为研究区域,以野外实测湿地植被地上生物量数据、Landsat-8影像数据和土壤各因子检测数据为数据源,通过分析各遥感因子与实测植被生物量的相关关系,建立生物量模型,进行生物量的定量反演。通过研究生物量与土壤、水环境因子的关系,筛选影响生物量的关键因子,进而分析生物量的空间分布规律。结果表明:湿地植被地上生物量的干重与各遥感因子的相关性较高;以NDVI、EVI、MSAVI、DVI、RVI、Band1、Band2、Band3、Band4、Band6共10个因子作为自变量建立的反演模型最优;反演计算的生物量干重分为5个等级区,最低的1级区和最高的5级区面积较小,为82.23、72.16 km2,分别占研究区湿地植被总面积的13.35%、11.71%。生物量干重适中的2、3、4级区所占面积较大,为211.99、136.39、113.29 km2,分别占研究区湿地植被总面积的34.41%、22.14%、18.39%;在各环境因子中水深对芦苇生物量干重影响最大,土壤含水率对碱蓬生物量干重影响最大,水、盐条件是导致优势种植被生物量干重出现空间分异的主导因素;植被生物量干重呈现由陆向海减小,由黄河河道两岸向外递减的趋势。 相似文献
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土壤种子库与地上植被的关系是土壤种子库研究的重要组成部分。当前,湿地生态系统面临严重威胁,研究湿地土壤种子库和地上植被关系既可以加强对土壤种子库和植物群落特征的认识,又可以为湿地保护与管理提供理论指导。检索了科学引文索引扩展版(SCIE)数据库中收录的1900—2012年间研究湿地土壤种子库与地上植被关系的文献,通过分析土壤种子库与地上植被的Srensen相似性系数,结果发现:不同湿地类型的土壤种子库和地上植被的相似性存在显著差异,河流湿地中两者的相似性最小;不同植被类型中土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性差异显著:草本群落的相似性大于乔木群落;不同气候带的湿地中两者的相似性也存在显著差异,其中亚热带地区相似性最小。总结了湿地种子库与地上植被相似性关系的时空变化特征。二者的相似性通常随着植物群落的演替而减小,在空间上也随着环境梯度而变化。分析了两者关系的影响因素,如种子传播、环境条件和繁殖策略等。对研究中存在的问题及发展方向提出建议。 相似文献
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Loss and degradation of wetlands in southwestern Australia: underlying causes,consequences and solutions 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
Many wetlands (estimated to be about 70%) have been lost in the coastal plain region of southwestern Australia since British settlement (in 1829), primarily as a result of infilling or drainage to create land for agricultural use or urban development. While further loss is almost universally acknowledged as undesirable, wetland degradation continues with little overt public recognition of the causes or consequences. Obvious and direct causes include nutrient enrichment, salinization, pollution with pesticides and heavy metals, the invasion of exotic flora and flora, loss of fringing vegetation and altered hydrological regimes occurring as a result of urbanization and agricultural practices. Underlying causes include a lack of understanding of wetland hydrology and ecology on behalf of both planning agencies and the private sector, and poor coordination of the many different agencies responsible for wetland management. Public and political awareness of wetland values continues to increase, but sectoral organization and responsibilities for wetland management lag behind. Sufficient scientific information now exists for improved management, protection and restoration of wetlands in southwestern Australia. However, this improvement cannot occur without the necessary political will and corresponding sectoral responses needed to implement coordinated wetland management policies and actions. 相似文献
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水文连通性是影响洪泛区水文过程及生态系统结构和功能的关键要素,对湿地植被的生长与分布尤为重要。基于ESTARFM(Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)模型重构了2000-2022年鄱阳湖洪泛系统高时空分辨率水体指数NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index)(8d,30m)和增强型植被指数EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index)(16 d,30 m)数据集,并结合地统计水文连通性函数,系统研究了鄱阳湖区多维水文连通性的演变特征及其对湿地植被生长的影响规律。结果表明:1)鄱阳湖区不同水文期内东西和南北方向的水文连通性随距离增加均呈现高度动态变化特征,水文连通性函数曲线的变化速率为:枯水期>退水期>涨水期>丰水期;2)研究时段内,鄱阳湖南北水文连通性明显高于东西水文连通性,但就不同区域而言,主湖区和南矶保护区的主导连通性随时间发生变化,碟形湖区及鄱阳湖保护区以南北水文连通性为主导;不同区域东西水文连通性呈现较为一致的波动下降趋势,南北水文连通性演变趋势差异较大;3)鄱阳湖湿地植被EVI与水文连通性之间呈现显著的负相关关系,其中,主湖区植被EVI主要受东西水文连通性控制,碟形湖区及鄱阳湖保护区植被EVI受东西和南北水文连通性的共同作用,南矶保护区植被EVI更多的受南北水文连通性影响。加强变化环境下水文连通性对湿地生态系统\"结构-过程-功能\"的影响规律研究,对促进湖泊系统水资源管理和湿地生态保护至关重要。 相似文献
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《生态学杂志》2025,44(2)
河口湿地植被具有较高的初级生产力;在全球气候变化减缓方面起着显著作用;水文连通性作为湿地生态过程的重要组成部分;深刻影响着河口湿地生态功能的稳定性。河口盐沼湿地植被碳汇能力对水文连通性变化的响应机制是目前国内外的研究热点。本文从河口湿地植被碳储量的评估方法、碳储量研究现状以及水文连通性的量化方法对全国范围内河口湿地开展的相关研究进行综述;比较各类方法的优缺点。河口湿地的水文连通性具有尺度差异性;本文从个体、群落和景观三个尺度上梳理了水文连通性对河口湿地植被碳汇能力的影响;明确具体的机理特征。未来关于河口盐沼湿地植被碳汇能力对水文连通性的响应研究应着重关注多尺度同步观测和多源数据融合分析的评估方法构建、多重胁迫下河口盐沼湿地水文连通性受阻与植被碳汇功能稳定性作用机制、基于水文连通性改造的河口盐沼湿地植被碳汇增汇保育技术。 相似文献
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Abstract The possibility that plants could serve as indicators of underlying soil salinity in northern Queensland, Australia, was investigated using 2197 site observations recorded during a land resources inventory of the Dalrymple Shire. The area surveyed intersects three biogeographical regions: the desert uplands, the Einasleigh uplands and the northern brigalow belt. The three dominant plant species in the lower, middle, and upper vegetation strata were recorded, along with laboratory measurements of electrical conductivity down each soil profile. Correspondence analysis, generalized additive models and clustering were used to investigate the relationship between plant occurrence, climatic and edaphic factors. The results of these statistical analyses strongly suggest a relationship between salinity and brigalow plant communities. A generalized additive model to predict soil salinity from environmental variables including vegetation data is presented. 相似文献
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Vegetation dieback is an important component of wetland loss in low salinity marshes of coastal Louisiana. A field experiment was conducted to determine the factors responsible for vegetation dieback within oligohaline marshes of Louisiana. Sections of marsh, dominated by Sagittaria lancifolia L., were transplanted into one of four locations depending on the treatment: (1) increased submergence—sods were lowered 15 cm below the donor marsh surface, (2) increased salinity—sods were transplanted into a higher salinity marsh and adjacent dieback pond, (3) increased salinity and submergence—sods were transplanted into a higher salinity marsh and adjacent dieback pond at 15 cm below the marsh surface, and (4) control—sods were exhumed and replaced at the ambient elevation of the donor marsh. Plant biomass and edaphic characteristics were measured after 5 mo. An increase in submergence caused decreased plant growth of the S. lancifolia-dominated marsh community. An increase in salinities to 4–5 g/kg were not detrimental to plant growth. Although saltwater intrusion alone did not cause decreased growth of the S. lancifolia-dominnled plant community, the combination of saltwater intrusion and increased plant submergence caused the greatest decrease in plant growth due to increased toxic sulfides and a likely reduction in the uptake of NH4-N by the wetland vegetation. This illustrates that the dieback of oligohaline marsh vegetation can be alleviated by decreasing plant submergence even at salinities as high as 4.6 g/kg. 相似文献
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To improve the removal efficiency of subsurface wetlands vegetated mainly by Phragmites, pilot‐scale gravel‐based wetlands were used to treat sewage characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollution. For Phragmites vegetation, COD, TP and TN removal loads of wetland vegetation with Phragmites australis–Typha angustata–Scirpus validus as main species reached 0.517 g m?2 d?1, 0.277 g P m?2 d?1 and 0.023 g N m?2 d?1. The COD removal loads in pilot‐scale and medium‐scale (260 m2 in area) wetlands with Phragmites‐monoculture vegetation were 0.62–0.64 g m?2 d?1, while that of P. australis–T. angustata–S. validus wetland reached 0.974 g m?2 d?1. Thus, the preferable poly‐culture model for Phragmites wetland vegetation was P. australis, T. angustata, S. validus and Zizania latifolia with stem density ratio of 8:1:5:1. After harvest, nitrogen and phosphorus standing stocks of wetland vegetations ranged only 2.2–9.93 g N m?2 and 5.39–13.5 g P m?2, respectively, as both the above ground biomass and the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the wetland vegetation harvested in late autumn were low. 相似文献
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红树林是位于海岸潮间带的森林湿地生态系统,具有抗风削浪、保护堤岸、封存CO2缓解全球气候变化等多种功能。然而,由于地理位置及生存环境特殊,红树林湿地模型的研究相对内陆湿地滞后。为了推动红树林湿地模型的研究,本文将目前常见红树林湿地模型按功能划分为植被生长生产模型、水文模型、物流能流模型三类,以阐述相关模型研究的进展,并对目前红树林湿地模型研究提出几点看法:(1)现有红树林湿地模型在不同区域、尺度下运行的有效性有待进一步验证;(2)国内对红树林生态系统服务及植被恢复工作相关模型研究较少,今后需加强该方面的研究。 相似文献
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Growingly scarce ecologically viable flood plain wetland of the Punarbhaba river basin is further endangered due to flow modification through Komardanga dam. This work intends to discover physical vulnerability of the wetlands in Punarbhaba river basin of Indo-Bangladesh considering seven conditioning parameters, e.g., water presence frequency (WPF) map, flood inundation map, frequency of pixel being non-permanent, agriculture presence frequency (APF) map, fragmentation of wetland, normalized differentiation built up index (NDBI), and wetland changes (WC). Frequency Ratio and Logistic Regression models have been used for deriving the vulnerability of wetland for both pre (1988–1992) and post dam (1993–2016) periods. From computed FR models it is exhibited that out of the total wetland area (194.81 km2), 5.88% and 2.92% area are high and very highly vulnerable in pre-dam period but such vulnerable area is increased to 33.45% and 23.10% in post-dam state (total wetland: 126.11 km2). LR models also state that in pre-dam period, high and very high vulnerable wetland area were 5.02% and 3.82% (total wetland: 194.79 km2) and it is enhanced to 28.94% and 24.49% in post-dam state (total wetland: 126.11 km2). Extensions of agricultural land, squeezing of active flood plain, lowering flood frequency are dominant determinants for growing wetland vulnerability. 相似文献