鸭疫里默氏杆菌RecA作为一种内参蛋白的评价

由于缺少适合的内参蛋白,所以用Western blot的方法来研究鸭疫里默氏杆菌蛋白表达的调节尚未见报道。以鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因组为模板,PCR扩增含有组氨酸标签His-tag的rec A基因和截段的rec AP基因,并分别将其克隆于原核表达载体p ET32a。将重组质粒转化到表达菌Rosetta中,经1mmol/L的IPTG诱导进行蛋白质表达。用组氨酸标签亲和试剂镍-琼脂糖进行重组蛋白质的纯化。用纯化的重组蛋白对4周龄的昆明鼠进行免疫,制备多克隆抗体。Western blot实验表明,截段表达的Rec AP的多克隆抗体血清比全长Rec A蛋白的多克隆抗体血清与鸭疫里默氏杆菌总蛋白反应更特异;在铁离子限制性环境和血红素丰富环境中培养的鸭疫里默氏杆菌的Rec A蛋白表达量一致。因此,鸭疫里默氏杆菌的Rec A蛋白可以在铁离子和血红素代谢等研究中作为Western blot的内参蛋白。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌自然转化的发现及机制研究进展

自然转化(natural transformation)是微生物水平基因转移的一种重要机制,其在遗传多样性的产生或修复DNA损伤等方面发挥着重要作用,并且与耐药基因、毒力因子的扩散息息相关。鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerellaanatipestifer,RA)是威克斯菌科中第一个被发现可以发生自然转化的细菌,本文作者利用此特点建立了多种基因编辑的方法,促进了对其遗传多样性和致病机理的研究进程。通过系统性地研究影响鸭疫里默氏杆菌自然转化的因素,鉴定出了参与该菌自然转化的营养物质;通过筛选转座子插入突变体文库,鉴定出了参与该过程的必需基因;最终,在该菌发现了一种新型的自然转化系统。本文结合其他细菌自然转化研究进展,针对以上研究结果进行综述,以期对该菌的自然转化机制有更深入的理解,也为更进一步探明该菌的耐药和毒力基因获得机制提供参考。     

大肠杆菌-鸭疫里默氏杆菌高效穿梭质粒pFY02的构建和应用

鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是引起鸭、鹅、火鸡等家禽传染性败血症及浆膜炎的主要病原。目前主要通过基因缺失及基因回补的方法对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的基因功能进行研究。然而,目前使用的穿梭质粒pLMF03存在结合转移效率低、酶切位点少等缺陷,不能用于所有鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因的回补。为解决这一问题,文中将结合转移位点oriT、鸭疫里默氏杆菌复制起始基因pRA0726ori、高表达启动子基因及多种酶切位点逐一克隆至质粒pPM5,构建了新的穿梭质粒pFY02。结果表明,该质粒能够稳定存在于鸭疫里默氏杆菌,且具有较高的结合转移效率。通过回补鸭疫里默氏杆菌tonB2基因缺失株表明,该质粒可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因的回补。总之,文中构建的穿梭质粒pFY02更加完善了用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因回补的材料。     

基于响应面分析的高抗原活性鸭疫里默氏杆菌疫苗培养基的研制及其效果评价

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌广泛存在于养殖场,引起雏鸭发生传染性浆膜炎,严重危害养鸭业的发展。【目的】提高鸭疫里默氏杆菌发酵培养水平和抗原活性,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗的研制提供技术指引。【方法】利用单因素及响应面的试验设计方法,针对鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行疫苗培养基的研制,并探究不同发酵时间点该菌的抗原活性,选择抗原活性最高点时制备灭活疫苗,通过动物免疫保护试验评价疫苗免疫效果。【结果】使用研制的疫苗培养基发酵培养鸭疫里默氏杆菌,其活菌数能够达到4.68×1010 CFU/mL,较市面上该菌专用的培养基提高2.29倍。该菌发酵12 h后抗原活性达到最高,在此时制备的灭活疫苗诱导小鼠产生的抗体水平显著高于商品化灭活疫苗,攻毒保护率达到了100%。【结论】本研究研制的培养基具有优异的增菌效果,可作为生产鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗抗原的发酵培养基,疫苗生产过程中可选择菌株抗原活性达到最高时收集菌体。     

江苏地区10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的耐药性及致病性特征分析

[背景] 鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染是危害水禽业最严重的细菌传染性病之一,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的发病率有逐渐增高趋势,给养鹅业带来了巨大经济损失。[目的] 为更好地预防控制鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病、解决鹅养殖场临床用药问题及进一步探究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系。[方法] 对江苏地区的发病鹅进行鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离培养、多重PCR方法鉴定及生化试验,并对分离获得的10株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行药敏试验、血清型鉴定及雏鸭致病性试验。[结果] 药敏试验结果显示,鹅源分离菌株对大观霉素、磺胺异噁唑、头孢曲松、头孢拉定、氟苯尼考最敏感,对新霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素和克林霉素耐药性最高且多重耐药性严重。血清型鉴定表明,江苏地区分离的10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌主要以血清型2型为主。雏鸭致病性试验表明,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离株均引起雏鸭不同程度发病,其中3株鹅源临床分离株经1×10⁷ CFU/羽攻毒后可引起雏鸭100%的致死率。[结论] 为鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的预防控制、临床治疗及进一步研究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系提供依据。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌强、弱菌株外膜蛋白的比较蛋白质组学研究

应用双向电泳及质谱技术对血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒株及其体外传代200代(RA200)的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白进行比较蛋白质组学研究,借此分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌的外膜蛋白表达特点,研究差异表达蛋白与细菌毒力的关系.在实验中检测到血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌原代及其体外传代获得的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白约表达60个蛋白质点(n=3),其中相差5倍以上3个.胶内酶解和肽质量指纹图谱分析后鉴定,W1为热休克蛋白Hsp20家族成员,W2、W3为转座酶,推测它们可能与里默氏杆菌的毒力密切相关.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌CH-1株B739_RS03695基因的功能鉴定

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌是一种可引起鸭传染性浆膜炎的革兰氏阴性病原菌。对于该菌的铁离子转运系统已有大量研究，但有关该菌铁硫簇装配基因的功能知之甚少。【目的】序列分析表明，鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株B739＿RS03695编码铁硫结合蛋白，但其具体功能未知。本研究旨在鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株B739＿RS03695基因在抗氧化应激及耐药中的功能。【方法】构建B739＿RS03695缺失株，通过测定生长曲线、氧化应激存活率探究其在抗氧化应激中的功能；通过最小抑菌浓度、杀菌试验探究其在耐药中的功能。【结果】与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695在GCB培养基中生长不受影响，但在铁限制性培养基中的生长受到明显抑制；与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695对H₂O₂的敏感性增加；与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695对庆大霉素的抵抗力显著增加；荧光定量PCR结果表明，与对照组相比，B739＿RS03695基因的转录水平在铁限制性条件和存在过氧化氢条件下显著上调。【结论】B739＿RS03695基因缺失后会损...     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌毒力及耐药机制研究进展

鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是引起鸭浆膜炎的一种革兰氏阴性病原菌,属黄杆菌科。该菌自发现以来,在我国各养鸭地区时有暴发和流行,具有多种血清型及对多种抗生素耐药的特点,给我国养鸭业的健康发展造成严重威胁。近年来,随着分子生物学及相关技术的发展,越来越多的科研工作人员对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的毒力、耐药及耐药机制等方面进行了研究并取得了一定的进展。本文将针对以上研究结果进行总结和评述,以期为进一步深入研究该菌及有效防控该菌引起的疾病带来启示与借鉴。     

利用16S rDNA建立种特异性PCR快速检测鸭疫里默氏菌

鸭疫里默氏菌感染是危害养鸭业的主要疾病,用表型指标鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌存在不足,因此有必要建立检测该菌的种特异性PCR法。利用已登录的鸭疫里默氏菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的16S rDNA基因序列,设计了一对鸭疫里默氏菌16S rDNA基因的特异性引物190f和843r,分别以基因组DNA和菌落提取液为模板,从1~19型鸭疫里默氏菌参考菌株和代表亚型、变异株和可能新型的国内分离株共26株细菌中均扩增出大小为654bp的特异性片段,而扩增鸭大肠杆菌、鸭沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等感染鸭的常见细菌的结果均呈阴性。分别将鸭疫里默氏菌基因组DNA和菌落提取液进行10倍梯度稀释,基因组DNA的最小检出量为50pg,菌落最小检出量为15CFU/mL。结果说明,该PCR法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌。     

利用16SrDNA建立种特异性PCR快速检测鸭疫里默氏菌

鸭疫里默氏菌感染是危害养鸭业的主要疾病,用表型指标鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌存在不足,因此有必要建立检测该菌的种特异性PCR法。利用已登录的鸭疫里默氏菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的16S rDNA基因序列,设计了一对鸭疫里默氏菌16S rDNA基因的特异性引物190f和843r,分别以基因组DNA和菌落提取液为模板,从1-19型鸭疫里默氏菌参考菌株和代表亚型、变异株和可能新型的国内分离株共26株细菌中均扩增出大小为654bp的特异性片段,而扩增鸭大肠杆菌、鸭沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等感染鸭的常见细菌的结果均呈阴性。分别将鸭疫里默氏菌基因组DNA和菌落提取液进行10倍梯度稀释,基因组DNA的最小检出量为50pg,菌落最小检出量为15CFU／mL。结果说明,该PCR法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌B739＿RS00825基因缺失株抗血红素毒性和氧化应激损伤以及定殖能力分析

【目的】血红素可作为细菌重要的铁离子来源,然而转运过多的血红素也会对细菌造成毒性。细菌通过调节、外排、螯合等多种方式减轻血红素毒性作用。鸭疫里氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)是一种感染鸭及其他禽类的革兰氏阴性病原菌。前期研究表明,该菌编码血红素转运系统,且能够从血红蛋白获取血红素,然而该菌是否编码血红素解毒蛋白未知。本研究以编码一氧化氮合成酶的基因B739＿RS00825为研究对象,分析其在抗血红素毒性和氧化应激损伤以及定殖能力中的功能。【方法】构建B739＿RS00825缺失株,并通过测定生长曲线、细菌存活率、毒力及定殖等试验方法鉴定其在抗血红素毒性、抗氧化应激损伤、宿主致病中的功能。【结果】与RA CH-1相比,RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS00825在添加过量血红素的培养基中生长不受影响;然而与RACH-1Δfur相比,RACH-1ΔfurΔB739＿RS00825在含血红素培养基中的生长明显受到抑制且对H₂O₂的抵抗力降低;B739＿RS00825基因在氧化应激条件下及fur缺失株中明显上调;与RA ...     

Ferritins, bacterial virulence and plant defence

The enterobacterial pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft rot diseases on a wide range of plants, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This bacterium proliferates in the host by secreting a set of pectin degrading enzymes responsible for symptom development. In addition, survival of this bacterium in planta requires two high-affinity iron acquisition systems mediated by siderophores and protective systems against oxidative damages, suggesting the implication by both partners of accurate mechanisms controlling their iron homeostasis under conditions of infection. In this review, we address this question and we show that ferritins both from the pathogen and the host are subtly implicated in the control of this interplay.     

Phylogenetic relationships of Riemerella anatipestifer serovars and related taxa and an evaluation of specific PCR tests reported for R. anatipestifer

Aims: The aims of the present investigation were to characterize and identify serovars of Riemerella anatipestifer and Riemerella‐like isolates genetically and to test the specificity of PCR tests reported for the identification of R. anatipestifer. Methods and Results: A total of 50 isolates from poultry tentatively classified with Riemerella anatipestifer were characterized genetically by partial sequencing of rpoB and by nearly full sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for selected isolates. The results obtained were compared with the data from 13 reference strains by phylogenetic analysis. A total of 41 isolates were identified as R. anatipestifer, three as Wautersiella falsenii like, a single isolate as Pelistega europaea, while five isolates were classified as new, unnamed taxa. None of the reported PCR tests for identification of R. anatipestifer were found specific. Conclusions: Characterization of R. anatipestifer and related bacteria by traditional methods is often inconclusive because of inconsistent reactions and phenotypic diversity. For the same reason, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are essential to allow proper classification and identification as demonstrated in the present study. Significance and impact of the Study: The present investigations demonstrated that isolates of R. anatipestifer are often misidentified, and that new serovars should not be accepted unless they have been properly characterized by relevant genetic methods such as gene sequencing. In addition, we showed that the published PCR tests are not specific for this species. Finally, two new taxa were outlined, the final taxonomic positions of which remain to be identified.     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its multiple strategies to access iron

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium found in many natural and man-made environments. It is also a pathogen for plants, animals, and humans. As for almost all living organisms, iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of P. aeruginosa. The bacterium has evolved complex systems to access iron and maintain its homeostasis to survive in diverse natural and dynamic host environments. To access ferric iron, P. aeruginosa is able to produce two siderophores (pyoverdine and pyochelin), as well as use a variety of siderophores produced by other bacteria (mycobactins, enterobactin, ferrioxamine, ferrichrome, vibriobactin, aerobactin, rhizobactin and schizokinen). Furthermore, it can also use citrate, in addition to catecholamine neuromediators and plant-derived mono catechols, as siderophores. The P. aeruginosa genome also encodes three heme-uptake pathways (heme being an iron source) and one ferrous iron acquisition pathway. This review aims to summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in all the iron and heme acquisition strategies used by P. aeruginosa.     

Induction And Characterization of an Indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine Hydrolase From Arthrobacter Ilicis

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid amide conjugates have been found to be present in many plants, and they are proposed to function in the regulation of plant IAA metabolism in a variety of ways. IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activities, and the genes that encode them, are therefore potentially important tools for modification of IAA metabolism, both for agronomic reasons as well as for determination of the mechanisms of IAA regulation. We have developed a simple and economical method to induce IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolases in bacteria with N-acetyl-L-amino acids. Using this method, we identified four bacterial strains that can be induced to produce IAA-Ala hydrolases: Arthrobacter ureafaciens C-10, Arthrobacter ureafaciens C-50, Arthrobacter ilicis D-50, and Cellulomonas fimi D-100. The enzyme kinetics and the biochemical characteristics of IAA-Ala hydrolase from one specific bacterium, Arthrobacter ilicis D-50, have been determined. The enzyme has a unique substrate specificity for IAA-amino acid conjugates compared to a bacterial IAA-Asp hydrolase previously characterized.