降香黄檀基因组DNA的提取方法研究

目的：建立适合降香黄檀基因组DNA的提取方法。方法：采用常规SDS法、常规CTAB法和改良CTAB法等3种方法提取降香黄檀叶片基因组DNA,经电泳、吸光度、酶切检测比较提取结果;对采用改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA进行ISSR-PCR检测。结果：改良CTAB法通过增加洗涤样品步骤,有效去除了多糖和多酚类物质,提取的DNA质量好,无降解现象,无蛋白质、盐离子及RNA污染。结论：改良CTAB法是一种高效的提取方法,使用该方法所得DNA的质量完全能够满足相应的分子操作需要。     

一种从PAXgene全血RNA管内提取基因组DNA的方法

目的:从同一生物样本同步提取RNA和DNA,能提高样本的利用率,而且对于基因组学、转录组学和表观遗传学检测数据之间的比对和匹配分析也十分重要。本研究在不影响RNA样品制备的前提下,建立一种从PAXgene全血RNA管内提取基因组DNA的方法。方法:取一定量PAXgene全血RNA管血液样本,使用QIAamp DNA试剂盒提取血细胞基因组DNA,系统优化提取过程中的离心参数、洗脱量以及初始血液样本量等实验参数,并对提取的基因组DNA质量进行检测。结果:用PAXgene全血RNA管3 mL血液样本能够提取出8.918±1.100μg基因组DNA,紫外分光光度计检测DNA样品的OD 260/280比值为1.89±0.09,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示DNA样品完整无降解。结论:利用本方法提取的DNA样品能够满足下游DNA芯片、DNA甲基化测序等实验要求。该方法有助于从有限的临床血液样本中获取全面的遗传信息,并且提高后续不同实验方法所生成数据之间的可比性和匹配度。     

黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA提取方法的优化

目的 为快速地提取到质量较好的黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA进行白蚁种群多样性的研究,对基因组DNA提取方法进行了比较与改进.方法 先初步采取CTAB法与蛋白酶K法对黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA的提取方法进行比较,再利用正交设计法对蛋白酶K法中裂解液、蛋白酶、RNA酶及作用时间4个因素进行优化.结果 蛋白酶K法获得的基因组DNA的质量与产量稍优于CTAB法;较佳的提取步骤组合为:裂解液150 μL,蛋白酶K 6μL,作用时间1h,RNA酶可不添加.结论 采用优化后的方法获得的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到了清晰、稳定的扩增谱带,完全可用于相关后续实验.     

细菌DNA的一种大量提取方法

本文介绍了一种大量提取细菌DNA的方法。该法是用60℃裂解菌体,以氯仿-苯酚去除蛋白,用Rnase去除RNA,用1倍体积95%乙醇沉淀DNA,省略了异丙醇沉淀步骤。而且该方法操作方便,对仪器要求不高。该法改进结果是:可稳定地得到50—60%的DNA回收率。可用于革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌的DNA提取。有些菌株用Marmur法和Zaslott法提取,DNA回收率在10%以下,采用本法仍能得到50%的回收率。每次提取的DNA量在毫克数量级。特别适合用于Tm法测定DNA G+C mol%含量所需DNA样品的制备。     

一种快速检测岷江百合总RNA样本中基因组DNA残留的方法

总RNA样本中残留基因组DNA会严重影响qRT-PCR的准确性。为了检测RNA样本中的DNA残留,依据持家基因TIP41-like的部分内含子序列设计了1对基因组DNA残留检测引物:LDRG-F:5'-CTCTTTTATGACGAGGTTGGTA-3'及LDRG-R:5'-CAGGGAAATCGGTCAGTGTT-3'。利用这对引物对3种不同RNA提取试剂盒提取的总RNA样本以及2种不同第1链c DNA合成试剂盒合成的cDNA样本进行PCR扩增检测,能高效快速地检测岷江百合总RNA以及cDNA样本中有无基因组DNA残留。     

单只轮虫DNA提取及其细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ亚基部分序列测定

通过调整试剂剂量及实验条件与步骤 ,利用WizardTM基因组DNA纯化试剂盒可以稳定、快捷地提取单只轮虫的DNA。以提取的DNA为模板 ,利用COⅠ通用引物 ,扩增并测定了萼花臂尾轮虫 (Brachionuscalyci florus)COⅠ部分基因的序列。与褶皱臂尾轮虫 (B plicatilis)COⅠ基因序列比较结果表明 ,此片断确为轮虫COⅠ基因片断 ,从而证明使用本方法所提取单只轮虫痕量DNA的可靠性     

仿刺参体壁总RNA提取方法的建立

目的:通过对TRIzol一步法进行改进,建立一种从富含胶原蛋白、多糖及色素的仿刺参体壁提取总RNA的有效方法。方法:样品在液氮中研磨并用TRIzol匀浆后再进行抽提;对TRIzol一步法提取的总RNA进行DNaseⅠ消化和酚氯仿抽提,用2.5mol/L的醋酸钾沉淀,并加入适量糖原(10mg/mL)与RNA共沉淀。结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度法以及RT-PCR检测结果表明,改进的方法能够有效去除基因组DNA、蛋白、多糖及色素的污染,RNA的产率提高。结论:制备的总RNA纯度高,完整性好,能够满足mRNA差异显示RT-PCR等分子生物学研究的要求,是一种提取仿刺参体壁及其他富含黏多糖、胶原蛋白和色素的动物组织总RNA的有效方法。     

单只轮虫DNA提取及其细胞色素C氧化酶I亚基部分序列测定

通过调整试剂剂量及实验条件与步骤,利用Wizard^TM基因组DNA纯化试剂盒可以稳定、快捷地提取单只轮虫的DNA。以提取的DNA为模板,利用CO I通用引物,扩增并测定了萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）CO I部分基因的序列。与褶皱臂尾轮虫（B.plicatilis）CO I基因序列比较结果表明,此片断确为轮虫CO I基因片段,从而证明使用本方法所提取单只轮虫痕量DNA的可靠性。     

适于基因组测序的高纯度的大豆线粒体基因组DNA提取方法

为满足高通量二代测序要求,本研究采用大豆黄花苗为试材,结合差速离心、蔗糖密度梯度离心及超速离心方法提取高纯度大豆线粒体基因组DNA(mt DNA)。结果表明,差速离心能够有效去除核基因组掺杂;超速离心与蔗糖密度梯度离心结合能够有效去除叶绿体污染。提取的mt DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外光度计检测及叶绿体和细胞核特异性引物检测表明,该方法提取的大豆mt DNA无叶绿体DNA及核DNA污染,且纯度高,可满足测序等对线粒体高纯度的要求,为研究大豆线粒体相关性状的机理奠定了坚实基础。     

鳞翅目成虫乙醇保存标本基因组DNA的提取及在微卫星研究中的应用

高质量的基因组DNA样品是分子生态学研究的先决条件。本研究目的在于探索从东方粘虫Pseudaletia separata (Walker)成虫自然种群的乙醇保存标本中分离高质量基因组DNA的有效方案。在2 mL微型离心管中进行4种提取方案的实验比较,结果发现采用传统的苯酚抽提方法的2种方案提取腹部中段组织的基因组DNA,样品合格率只有7.69%~40%。但是,如果在苯酚抽提以前加入高浓度盐和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）,就会使DNA样品合格率达到68.42%~95.28%,而且DNA平均产量达到5.59~10.04 mg/g,明显高于前者的2.83~5.78 mg/g （统计检验表明,在不同种群中差异显著或不显著）。研究结果还证明腹部组织比胸部组织更适宜提取DNA。对来自一个自然种群的99头东方粘虫DNA合格样品的统计分析表明,DNA提取总量（μg）与组织样品用量（mg）之间存在弱的正相关关系,平均DNA提取量（mg/g）与组织样品用量（mg）之间存在中度负相关关系。总之,在2 mL微型离心管中,用10~20 mg腹部组织,利用CTAB+苯酚抽提方法可以获得高纯度和高含量的基因组DNA样品。用该方案提取的基因组DNA能够顺利地进行微卫星位点的分离和基因分型。     

Single-cell cDNA-PCR: removal of contaminating genomic DNA from total RNA using immobilized DNase I.

A procedure utilizing immobilized DNase I that allows the efficient amplification of cDNA by PCR from a single cell in the absence of contaminating genomic DNA is described. DNase I treated, total RNA derived from single cells was reverse transcribed into cDNA followed by PCR using beta-actin and c-fos specific primers that recognize different exons of the respective genes. Amplification products corresponding to cDNA, but not to genomic sequences, were detected after treatment with immobilized DNase I in samples previously shown to be contaminated with genomic DNA. This method allows the efficient removal of DNA contaminating total RNA derived from a single cell.     

Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from Swine

Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from the intestinal tract of a 2-month-old pig. This is the first reported isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from swine in the United States. Swine have been reported as potential carriers of Edwardsiella tarda, but pathogenicity of this organism for swine has not been determined. Although the pig had access to several farm ponds, the exact source of infection was not determined.     

Edwardsiella tarda in freshwater catfish and their environment

Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from 47, 88, and 79% of skin, visceral, and dressed-fish samples, respectively. This species was also isolated from 30% of imported dressed fish, 75% of catfish pond water samples, 64% of catfish pond mud samples, and 100% of frogs, turtles, and crayfish from catfish ponds. The incidence of Edwardsiella increased during the summer months, as water temperatures increased. Of several isolation media evaluated, the most effective was selective enrichment in double-strength Salmonella-Shigella broth and subsequent plating on single-strength Samonella-Shigella agar. The significance of the incidence of Edwardsiella in catfish, catfish disease, and public health could not be substantiated.     

Isolation of RNA from bacterial samples of the human gastrointestinal tract

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains a complex microbial community that consists of numerous uncultured microbes. Therefore, nucleic-acid-based approaches have been introduced to study microbial diversity and activity, and these depend on the proper isolation of DNA, rRNA and mRNA. Here, we present an RNA isolation protocol that is suitable for a wide variety of GI tract samples. The procedure for isolating DNA from GI tract samples is described in another Nature Protocols article. One of the benefits of our RNA isolation protocol is that sampling can be performed outside the laboratory, which offers possibilities for implementation in large intervention studies. The RNA isolation is based on mechanical disruption, followed by isolation of nucleic acids using phenol:chloroform:isoamylalcohol extraction and removal of DNA. In our laboratory, this protocol has resulted in the isolation of rRNA and mRNA of sufficient quality and quantity for microbial diversity and activity studies. Depending on the number of samples, the sample type and the quenching procedure chosen, the whole procedure can be performed within 2.5-4 h.     

Edwardsiella tarda in freshwater catfish and their environment.

Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from 47, 88, and 79% of skin, visceral, and dressed-fish samples, respectively. This species was also isolated from 30% of imported dressed fish, 75% of catfish pond water samples, 64% of catfish pond mud samples, and 100% of frogs, turtles, and crayfish from catfish ponds. The incidence of Edwardsiella increased during the summer months, as water temperatures increased. Of several isolation media evaluated, the most effective was selective enrichment in double-strength Salmonella-Shigella broth and subsequent plating on single-strength Samonella-Shigella agar. The significance of the incidence of Edwardsiella in catfish, catfish disease, and public health could not be substantiated.     

牙鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌感染症及其病原的研究

对 7起牙鲆迟钝爱德华氏菌感染病例进行了发病情况、临床特征、病理变化等方面的检验 ,经对细菌的分离与鉴定表明所检病例均为迟钝爱德华氏菌的单独感染 ,系统归纳了该感染症的主要特点。同时 ,对所分离后做纯培养的 130株迟钝爱德华氏菌进行了主要生物学性状、血清型的测定 ,表明除在生化试验的吲哚项目中表明有株间差异 (阴性的 2 0株、阳性的 110株 )外 ,130株对其他所测内容的结果一致 ,130株均为同种血清型。从每起病例分离并鉴定的各 1个代表菌株做对健康牙鲆的人工感染试验 ,表明了相应的原发病原学意义及较强的致病作用。药敏试验结果表明 ,对供试 37种抗菌药物中的头孢唑啉等 19种药物敏感、对青霉素G等 5种药物耐药、对氨苄青霉素等 13种药物表现了株间差异。经以荧光抗体技术对纯培养物、人工感染病死鱼肝脏中细菌的检验 ,初步表明了荧光抗体技术在对迟钝爱德华氏菌检验中作为辅助检验手段的可行性。     

Comparison of RNA yield from small cell populations sorted by flow cytometry applying different isolation procedures.

BACKGROUND: RNA from sorted cell populations is crucial in many instances. We therefore compared four current protocols for RNA isolation, with regard to mRNA yield and purity. Moreover, we examined the effects on RNA recovery caused by different storage reagents. METHODS: Small populations of K562 cells or PMBC were sorted into the lysing reagent and subjected to RNA extraction, employing either phase separation extraction using an acidic guanidinium-isothiocyanate reagent (TriFast reagent), the silica-gel membrane-based spin-column technology (RNeasy Mini-/Micro-Kit), or the isolation via paramagnetic oligo(d)T-beads (microMACS). Cells designated for delayed RNA isolation were kept either in RNAlater, Qiagen Buffer RLT, TriFast or PrepProtect, or simply frozen after pelleting from PBS. The mRNA yield was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Performing unpaired two-tailed t-tests revealed that RNA was extracted in significantly higher amounts using magnetic bead isolation. This method also allowed best discrimination of induced IL2 gene expression. In contrast, phase separation extraction showed the highest rate of failures. Intermediate storage reduced RNA yield. Contamination by genomic DNA was detected in several samples subjected to phase separation or silica-gel membrane-based spin-column extraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal advantages and disadvantages of RNA isolation procedures for small numbers of sorted cells and, therefore, facilitate the decision for the most appropriate protocol in a particular experimental context.     

Simultaneous purification of DNA and RNA from small numbers of eukaryotic cells

An extraction procedure for the simultaneous isolation of RNA and DNA from tissue culture cells is described. The procedure is a variation of the guanidium/lithium chloride method for RNA isolation which is rapid, simple, and avoids costly ultracentrifugation equipment. The genomic DNA yielded by this procedure is greater than 50 kb in length and may be readily cleaved by restriction endonucleases. Sufficient DNA for Southern blot analysis, and RNA for Northern blot or nuclease protection analysis, can be obtained from as few as 2 x 10(6) cells, making this method particularly suitable for the genetic screening of large numbers of individual, stably transfected cell clones.