竹叶青蛇消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

应用8种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对竹叶青蛇（Trimersurus stejnegeri）消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位。5－羟色胺细胞和生长抑素细胞在整个消化道中均有分布。5－羟色胺细胞以十二指肠和回肠密度为最高,空肠、直肠和幽门其次,胃体较低,食道和贲门中偶见;生长抑素细胞在十二指肠处数量最多,胃体、幽门和空肠其次,其余消化道各段偶见;胰高血糖素细胞只见于十二指肠和空肠;血管活性肠肽在贲门和胃体处有少量阳性细胞分布,食道中偶见。以上各处内分泌细胞的分布密度差异显著。未检出胃泌素、P－物质、胰多肽和胰岛素免疫反应阳性细胞。上述内分泌细胞的分布特点可能与竹叶青的摄食习性和生活环境有关。     

扬子鳄消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用７种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对扬子鳄消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位。５－羟色胺细胞在消化道各段都有分布,以十二指肠密度最高,食道、直肠其次。生长抑素细胞在胃幽门部非常密集,胃体中等,胃贲门部较少,十二指肠偶见。胃泌素细胞主要分布于十二指肠前段,空肠、回肠和直肠偶见。许多血管活性肠肽细胞分布于胃贲门部,胃体和胃幽门部少数。胰高血糖素、胰多肽和Ｐ－物质在消化道各段均未检出阳性细胞。结合扬子鳄的     

大熊猫胃肠道内分泌细胞分布型的研究

本文用ＰＡＰ法对３只大熊猫胃底,幽门腺区、十二脂肠,空肠,回肠、结肠和直肠的五羟色胺,生长抑素,胃素,胆囊收缩囊,神经降压素、胃动素、抑胃多肽、胰高血糖素、血管活性肠肽和内啡肽的ＩＲ细胞进行了研究。结果表明,大熊猫胃肠道粘膜上皮中具有前八种ＩＲ细胞。对７年龄个体胃肠各段相对数量的比较和各段内分布情况的观察结果表明,除五羟色胺ＩＲ细胞在空肠分布较多外,大多数种类的ＩＲ细胞集中分布于幽门区和十二指肠,     

北京鸭消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用七种消化道激素抗血清，对北京鸭消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位，促胃素释放肽细胞大量分布于腺胃和肌胃。生长抑素细胞在腺胃和肌胃数量很多，在幽门部密集，且偶见于十地二指肠，胃素细胞在幽门部非常密集，并较多分布于整个小肠，肌胃内亦有少量。５－羟色胺细胞大量见于肠管各段，并偶见于幽门，少量胰多肽细胞见于腺胃、十二指肠和空肠，未检出胃动素和抑胃肽细胞。     

叶氏肛刺蛙消化道两种内分泌细胞的研究

应用免疫组织化学方法对叶氏肛刺蛙Yerana yei胃肠道2种内分泌细胞的形态和分布进行研究.5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)免疫活性细胞分布于消化道各段,胃幽门分布密度最高,然后向两端递减,整个分布曲线大致呈倒"V"字型;生长抑素(somatostain,SS)细胞在消化道各段均有分布,胃幽门最高,除胃贲门处稍高于胃体处外,从幽门向两端递减.5-HT和sS细胞都形态多样,有圆形、卵圆形、锲形、梭形和长柱状等.消化道内分泌细胞的分布差异可能与其食性和生活习性有关;两栖类各物种间内分泌细胞的分布存在差异.     

棕色田鼠胃肠道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位

应用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对棕色田鼠胃肠道内5-羟色胺细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位和形态学观察.结果 表明:5-HTIR细胞在棕色田鼠胃肠道的各段均有分布,其中以十二指肠和直肠段分布密度最高,胃底、胃幽门部、空肠、回肠、盲肠段其次,胃贲门部、胃体、结肠段分布密度最低.5-羟色胺细胞位于胃腺上皮、肠粘膜上皮、肠腺上皮及固有膜,有圆形、椭圆形、梭形、楔形和不规则形,有的还具有胞突.对棕色田鼠胃肠道5-HTIR细胞的分布、形态与功能相适应的特点进行了讨论.     

白条草蜥消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学

应用6种胃肠激素抗血清和免疫组织化学ABC法(avidin-biotin complex method),对白条草蜥(Takydromus wolteri)消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位研究和形态学观察。结果表明,5-羟色胺细胞较其他5种内分泌细胞的分布更为广泛,整个消化道中(即从食管到直肠)均有分布,其分布密度高峰位于幽门。食管、回肠和直肠未检测到生长抑素细胞,生长抑素细胞在幽门部分布密度最高,总体来说生长抑素细胞的分布在胃部较高而在小肠部较低。胃泌素细胞和胰多肽细胞分布在小肠,均在十二指肠分布密度最高。胰高血糖素细胞在胃幽门部分布密度最高,十二指肠、空肠次之,回肠分布密度最低。P-物质细胞仅分布于幽门部。6种内分泌细胞以圆形和锥体形为主,它们广泛分布于消化道黏膜之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间及上皮细胞基部。内分泌细胞的密度分布与其食性、食物组成和生活环境有关,它们的形态与其内、外分泌功能是相适应的。     

武夷湍蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

用免疫组织化学S-P法,应用七种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对武夷湍蛙胃肠道7个部位内分泌细胞的局部分布、分布密度及形态学特征进行了研究。结果显示：在武夷湍蛙胃肠道中鉴别出四种内分泌细胞,即：5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胃泌素和高血糖素免疫反应细胞。P-物质、胰岛素和胰多肽免疫反应细胞未见。5．羟色胺免疫反应细胞是胃肠道中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,其在胃肠道各段均有分布,但在各段分布密度不同。生长抑制素免疫反应细胞分布于贲门至十二指肠的胃肠道各段。胃泌素免疫反应细胞局限分布于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫反应细胞仅在胃幽门部位有分布。在武夷湍蛙胃肠道内具有最多种类型内分泌细胞分布的部位是幽门,同时胃肠道内各种内分泌细胞在此部位也显示出最高的分布密度。武夷湍蛙胃肠道内分泌细胞形态多样：圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、锥形和不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,肠道中多数细胞则分布于上皮细胞间,少数分布于固有膜。本研究显示武夷湍蛙与其他两栖动物胃肠道内分泌细胞在分布模式上存在一定共同特征并具其独特性,以上结果提示其与武夷湍蛙消化生理学相关,和其胃肠道的调节特点相关。     

乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用过氧化物酶标记的链霉卵白素(Streptavidin peroxidase,简称S-P法)免疫组织化学技术,使用六种特异性胃肠激素抗血清对乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的种类、定位、分布密度及形态进行了研究。在乌龟胰腺中检测出5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胰高糖素和胰多肽等4种内分泌细胞,生长抑素、胰高糖素细胞多成簇大量分布于胰岛中;5-羟色胺、胰多肽细胞多散在少量分布于胰腺腺泡之间。在乌龟消化道中共检测出5-羟色胺、生长抑素、胃泌素、胰高糖素和P物质等5种内分泌细胞:5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各段均有分布,以十二指肠处分布密度最高(30.7±4.2),空肠其次,回肠、直肠处最低(12.0±1.0/11.2±3.0);生长抑素细胞仅分布于食道和胃中各段;胃泌素细胞分布于胃幽门部和十二指肠处;胰高糖素细胞分布于胃体至空肠段,以胃幽门部分布密度较高(11.3±1.1);P物质细胞仅布于胃幽门部;消化道各段均未检出胰多肽细胞。与其他爬行动物比较,乌龟胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的分布既存在着一定共同点,又显示了较大的种间差异。       

黑眶蟾蜍和黑斑蛙消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的免疫组织化学

对黑眶蟾蜍（Bufo melanostictus）和黑斑蛙（Rana nigromaculata）消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的形态、分布进行了免疫组织化学定位。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞在黑眶蟾蜍和黑斑蛙消化道各段中均有分布,分布密度均呈升-降-升-降的波浪式分布特点,二者在幽门部和回肠都有个分布的高峰值。黑眶蟾蜍回肠最高,空肠、幽门部次之,十二指肠、直肠最低;黑斑蛙幽门部最高,回肠、空肠次之,食道、贲门部、直肠最低。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞位于胃的胃腺上皮、食道及肠的粘膜上皮,有圆形、椭圆形、梭形、楔形等,有的有胞突。文中讨论了5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞分布型的原因及形态与功能的关系。     

蓝狐消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组化研究

蓝狐又名北极狐(Alopex lagopus),属于食肉目(Carnivora),犬科(Canidae),北极狐属(Alopex).     

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel, Camelus bactrianus, were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Ten types of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells were identified in this study. Among these cell types, only serotonin- and somatostatin-IR cells were detected in almost all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the cell types showed peak density in the pyloric gland region. The others showed restricted distribution: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), and (gastric) substance P in the stomach; gastrin, CCK, BPP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and substance P in the small intestine; and CCK, motilin, BPP, and PYY in the large intestine. Fundamentally the distribution pattern of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel is similar to that of cattle. The distribution and frequency of endocrine cells in the glandular sac region are the same as those of the cardiac gland.     

Peptide hormone-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pancreas of eleven teleost species

Summary The distribution of peptide hormone-like immunostaining in the gastrointestinal tract of 11 teleost species was investigated by immunofluorescence.Cells immunoreactive for somatostatin were found in the glandular epithelium of the stomach of four species and in the epithelium of the pyloric appendage of one species. The mid-gut epithelium contained cells reactive with antibodies to glucagon (three species), gastrin (five species), pancreatic polypeptide (five species), and substance P (two species). Cells immunoreactive for met-enkephalin were found in the epithelium of both the mid-gut and the stomach of six species.In six species in which the endocrine pancreas was investigated, insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was observed. Pancreatic polypeptide was definitely localised by immunostaining in cells of the endocrine pancreas of only one out of three species examined.Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neurotensin-, bombesin-, and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was identified in the gastrointestinal nerve fibres in various species.In view of the considerable species variation found, caution should be exercised in generalising about the peptides present in the gastrointestinal tract of fish.     

Immunohistochemical studies on peptide- and amine-containing endocrine cells and nerves in the gut and the rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa

Summary The occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells and nerves were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the gut and rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala). The epithelium of the gut mucosa revealed open-type endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity for serotonin (5HT), gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/FMRFamide, somatostatin, glucagon, substance P or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). The rectum contained a large number of closed-type endocrine cells in the basal layer of its stratified epithelium; the majority contained 5HT- and GRP-like immunoreactivity in the same cytoplasm, whereas others were immunoreactive for substance P. The rectal gland revealed closed-type endocrine cells located in the collecting duct epithelium. Most of these contained substance P-like immunoreactivity, although some reacted either to antibody against somatostatin or against 5HT. Four types of nerves were identified in the gut and the rectal gland. The nerve cells and fibers that were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and GRP formed dense plexuses in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscular layer of the gut and rectal gland. A sparse network of gastrin- and 5HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the mucosa and the muscular layer of the gut. The present study demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of the closed-type endocrine cells in the mucosa of the rectum and rectal gland of the ratfish. These abundant cells presumably secrete 5HT and/or peptides in response to mechanical stimuli in the gut and the rectal gland. The peptide-containing nerves may be involved in the regulation of secretion by the rectal gland.     

野生与养殖黄鳍鲷消化道形态组织结构

采用常规石蜡组织切片的方法对野生和养殖黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)消化道的形态组织结构进行了比较观察。结果表明,野生和养殖黄鳍鲷的消化道存在一定差异。(1)形态学研究表明,食道粗而短,胃呈V形,分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部,胃与肠的连接处有4条幽门盲囊,肠道在体腔内迂回两个回折。野生黄鳍鲷牙齿更为坚硬锋利,体腔中脂肪较少,消化道更为粗短。野生和养殖黄鳍鲷的肠道系数分别为0.71±0.03和0.94±0.12。(2)组织学研究表明,食道黏膜上皮由扁平细胞层和杯状细胞层组成,杯状细胞发达。胃黏膜由单层柱状上皮组成,无杯状细胞,贲门部和胃体部胃腺发达。幽门盲囊组织学特征与肠相似,上皮为柱状上皮,其中的杯状细胞少于肠。肠中,前肠杯状细胞最多,中肠次之,后肠最少。直肠杯状细胞多于肠。野生与养殖黄鳍鲷组织学的区别在于,消化道相同部位养殖鱼的杯状细胞多于野生鱼,野生鱼的肌层厚度大于养殖鱼。黄鳍鲷消化道的形态组织结构与其生活环境和食物是相关的。     

Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Green Turtle(Chelonia mydas) Hatchling

The gastrointestinal tracts of four Chelonia mydas hatchlings were examined at the anatomical, histological and ultrastructural level. Our results show that the gastrointestinal tract(GI) is composed by esophagus, stomach, small intestine(SI) and large intestine(LI), and histologically of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa(ME) and serosa. The esophagus is marked by conical papillae lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, whereas the remaining GI by simple columnar epithelium; esophageal diverticulum is absent. The stomach covered with mucous granule cells, contains cardia, fundic regions and pylorus, which are separately characterized by cardiac glands, fundic glands and pyloric glands, and have the thickest submucosa and ME of the GI. The ME of the esophagus mainly consist of one layer of circular smooth muscle whereas the rest of GI of two layers, inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle. The SI is slightly longer than the LI and the GI is approximately 5.11 times of the carapace length. The SI is lined with longitudinal zigzag folds and characterized by absorptive cells with longer and denser microvilli, whereas the LI by transversal folds, goblet cells and lymphoid nodules. Only intestinal glands appear in duodenum. Endocrine cells are observed in all sections of the GI and accounted for the largest proportion in duodenum. The results demonstrate a perfect combination of the structure and function of the GI and reveal that the digestion and absorption primarily occurs in the foregut. C. mydas hatchling may prefer carnivorous diet.     

香鱼消化道及肝脏的形态结构特征

采用解剖及石蜡切片显微技术观察了香鱼消化道及肝脏的组织学结构。香鱼消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃及肠构成。口咽腔大且狭长,其底壁前部有一对粘膜褶,两颌边缘着生宽扁梳状齿,腭骨及舌骨具齿,犁骨无齿;舌由基舌骨突出部分覆盖粘膜构成,舌粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含有较多的杯状细胞和味蕾。食道、胃及肠均由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层及外膜构成。食道粘膜层上皮为复层扁平上皮,杯状细胞发达。胃呈V形,由贲门部、胃体部及幽门部组成,胃壁粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,贲门部与胃体部的固有层中有胃腺。肠较短,由前、中、后肠构成,肠壁粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,其游离面具微绒毛;上皮细胞间有杯状细胞。幽门盲囊有350～400条,其组织学结构与肠相同。肝脏单叶,外被浆膜;肝细胞形态不规则,肝小叶界限不明显。     

蝘蜒消化管内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

目的阐明爬行动物蝘蜒消化管各段内分泌细胞的类型、局部分布、分布密度和形态学特征。方法应用免疫组织化学技术中链霉卵白素一过氧化物酶（S-P）法。结果在蝘蜒消化管内鉴别出5种内分泌细胞,即：5—羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）、生长抑素（somatostatin,SS）、胃泌素（gastrin,GAS）、高血糖素（glucagon,GLU）、P-物质（substance P,SP）免疫活性（immnoreactive,IR）细胞。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞是消化管中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,以不同密度分布于消化管各段,其中胃幽门部位分布密度最高。生长抑素免疫活性细胞在消化管内仅局限分布于胃部。胃泌素免疫活性细胞仅见于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫活性细胞仅分布于回肠和直肠。P-物质免疫活性细胞仅出现在直肠部位。蝘蜒消化管内分泌细胞形态多样：圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、楔形、锥形以及不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,食管和肠管中多数内分泌细胞则分布于上皮细胞间。结论蝘蜒和其它爬行动物胃肠内分泌细胞的分布存在一定共同特征,然而也存在着一些特有的差异。     

蝘蜓消化管内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

目的阐明爬行动物蝘蜓消化管各段内分泌细胞的类型、局部分布、分布密度和形态学特征。方法应用免疫组织化学技术中链霉卵白素-过氧化物酶(S-P)法。结果在蜓消化管内鉴别出5种内分泌细胞,即:5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)、高血糖素(glucagon,GLU)、P-物质(substance P,SP)免疫活性(i mmnoreactive,IR)细胞。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞是消化管中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,以不同密度分布于消化管各段,其中胃幽门部位分布密度最高。生长抑素免疫活性细胞在消化管内仅局限分布于胃部。胃泌素免疫活性细胞仅见于幽门和十二指肠部位。高血糖素免疫活性细胞仅分布于回肠和直肠。P-物质免疫活性细胞仅出现在直肠部位。蝘蜓消化管内分泌细胞形态多样:圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、楔形、锥形以及不规则形。胃部多数内分泌细胞分布于胃腺中,食管和肠管中多数内分泌细胞则分布于上皮细胞间。结论蜓和其它爬行动物胃肠内分泌细胞的分布存在一定共同特征,然而也存在着一些特有的差异。