梓醇对鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的记忆、抗氧化能力的影响及安全性评价

目的:研究梓醇对鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的学习记忆能力及皮层抗氧化系统的影响,并对其安全性进行评价.方法:腹腔注射鱼藤酮建立小鼠皮层抗氧化系统损伤模型,腹腔注射给药21 d后进行Y迷宫试验,再测定各组小鼠皮层谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、丙二酫(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平;梓醇安全性评价采取小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠长期毒性试验.结果:梓醇能够改善小鼠的迷宫成绩,增强GSH-PX活性和GSH含量,降低GST活性和MDA含量,抑制LDH的释放.小鼠腹腔注射给药梓醇的LD50为206.5mg/kg.;大鼠尾静脉注射90天,未见动物出现血液学、血液生化及主要脏器的毒性变化.结论:梓醇能改善鱼藤酮损伤小鼠的记忆能力,减轻皮层氧化应激损伤;长期使用无明显的毒副作用.     

金思维对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍小鼠脑胆碱能系统的影响

目的 通过建立东莨菪碱记忆障碍模型,采用中药复方金思维进行干预,观察金思维对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型小鼠行为学和胆碱能系统的影响,探讨该药的神经保护作用机制。方法 将ICR小鼠随机分为正常对照组;模型组,溶媒0.5%CMC;阳性对照组,多奈哌齐,0.92 mg/(kg·d);金思维大、中、小剂量组,20、10、5 mg/(kg·d)。每组18只,按0.1 mL/10 g小鼠体重连续灌胃给药30 d。末次给药后造模,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,其余各组腹腔注射东莨菪碱3 mg/(kg·d),溶于0.9%生理盐水,按0.1 mL/10 g小鼠体重注射,进行Morris水迷宫实验。实验结束后取皮层和海马组织,分别测定皮层和海马中乙酰胆碱(Ach)含量、乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)及胆碱乙酰转移酶(Ch AT)活性。结果 金思维可使模型小鼠游泳距离和游泳时间缩短及目标象限停留时间增长;金思维可使模型组小鼠脑内Ach含量升高、Ach E活性下降和Ch AT活性升高。结论 金思维可以改善东莨菪碱导致的记忆障碍模型小鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能与胆碱能能系统有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

为了研究葡萄籽原花青素提取物(Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts,GSPE)对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及其机制,本文中采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(ALX)构建糖尿病动物模型.造模成功后,将糖尿病小鼠分为模型对照组、格列本脲处理组、葡萄籽原花青素提取物低、中、高三个剂量(50、100、150 mg/kg)处理组,另设正常对照组.连续灌胃给药21天,每天一次,以糖尿病小鼠的体重、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性胰岛素水平、空腹血糖值和糖耐量为测定指标,研究不同剂量葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及机制.结果显示原花青素高剂量组能促进体重增长,显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平和糖耐量(P＜0.01);同时降低糖尿病小鼠血清MDA水平,提高其SOD活性.通过本实验研究可以看出葡萄籽原花青素提取物具有较强的降血糖作用,降糖机制可能与其提高胰岛素水平和抗氧化能力有关.     

罗汉果油的药理作用研究北大核心CSCD

采用小鼠灌胃给药研究罗汉果油的药理作用。给正常小鼠灌胃给药7d后,采用小鼠游泳方法及常压耐缺氧实验,观察罗汉果油对小鼠的抗疲劳和缺氧耐力作用。给正常小鼠灌胃给药10d后,测定血清中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量,观察罗汉果油的抗氧化作用。结果表明罗汉果油能明显延长小鼠游泳时间,并能延长常压耐缺氧时间及提高正常小鼠血清中SOD活性,降低MDA含量。罗汉果油具有明显的抗疲劳和耐缺氧,抗氧化等药理作用。     

大蒜素对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆调节作用

目的 观察大蒜素对D-半乳糖(D-ga1)致小鼠衰老模型学习记忆的调节作用.方法 小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、大蒜素低剂量组(10 mg/kg·d)、中剂量组(20 mg/kg·d)、高剂量组(40 mg/kg·d),连续给药8周后采用Y型迷宫、跳台实验检测小鼠学习记忆能力及体内丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平. 结果 与正常对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠跳台错误次数和迷宫错误次数明显增多,体内MDA含量升高,SOD活性下降;大蒜素组小鼠跳台错误次数减少,迷宫测试潜伏期缩短,体内MDA含量下降,SOD活性升高,并呈现剂量依赖性.结论 大蒜素能改善衰老小鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关.     

二甲双胍对D-半乳糖诱导雄性中年小鼠衰老的干预作用*

目的:探讨二甲双胍(Met)对D-半乳糖(D-gal)诱导雄性中年小鼠衰老的干预作用。方法:50只ICR 9月龄雄性小鼠,在SPF级实验环境饲养,自由摄食与饮水。随机分5组:对照组,模型组,二甲双胍低、中、高剂量(Met 50 mg/kg,Met 100 mg/kg,Met 200 mg/kg)组,每组10只。Met组和模型组小鼠每日颈背部皮下注射D-gal 100 mg/ kg,同时分别给予Met(50、100、200 mg/kg)或等体积NS灌胃。对照组注射和灌胃等体积NS。连续8周给药。检测小鼠一般状态,体重,空腹血糖,血清和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量水平;水迷宫实验检测学习记忆能力;HE染色观察小鼠海马组织结构。结果:每日Met 200 mg/kg干预,能减少模型小鼠的体重。Met干预对模型鼠正常空腹血糖无影响。每日Met 50、100、200 mg/kg剂量干预,与模型组相比,均能显著提升模型小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性(P＜0.05)、降低血清MDA含量(P＜0.05),改善学习记忆能力测试的大部分指标(P＜0.05),HE染色显示海马齿状回核固缩、深染的神经元明显减少。Met干预在大部分指标上呈剂量-效应依赖关系。结论:每日Met 50～200 mg/kg长期处理,以Met 200 mg/kg为显著,能延缓D-gal 诱导的雄性中年衰老模型小鼠的衰老进程,机制可能与降低小鼠体重与增强机体抗氧化水平有关。     

紫皮石斛抗小鼠体力疲劳作用

目的:研究紫皮石斛对小鼠的抗体力疲劳作用。方法:取雄性昆明种小鼠50只,按体重随机分成5组(n=10):空白对照组,人参皂苷组,紫皮石斛高、中、低剂量组。空白对照组给予等体积的生理盐水,人参皂苷组给药剂量为200 mg/kg·d^-1,紫皮石斛高、中、低剂量组给药剂量分别为35.04 g/kg·d^-1生药、17.52 g/kg·d^-1生药、8.76 g/kg·d^-1生药,每天灌胃1次,连续15 d。于末次给药后30 min,测定小鼠负重力竭游泳时间及体内血清尿素氮、血清乳酸、肝糖原的含量,评价紫皮石斛的抗体力疲劳作用。结果:与空白对照组比较,紫皮石斛能延长小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,能降低小鼠游泳后的血清尿素氮、血清乳酸的含量,能提高小鼠体内肝糖原的储备量,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:紫皮石斛具有抗体力疲劳作用。     

壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的:研究壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:C57BL/6雌性小鼠60只,随机分为4组,空白组(n=12)、模型组(n=12)、阴性对照组(n=12)、给药组(n=12)。模型组和给药组腹腔注射LPS复制小鼠肺损伤模型,给药组同时注射壳聚糖,空白组和阴性对照组注射等量的生理盐水和壳聚糖溶液。注射LPS 24h后处死小鼠,取血,分离血清,并收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,剖取肺组织。测定肺组织湿干重比,氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果:显著抑制ALI小鼠氧化应激反应,脂质过氧化生物标记物MDA含量和超氧化物歧化酶减少。IL-6和TNF-α水平下降。结论:壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤具有一定保护作用,显示出良好的抗炎效应,作用机制与抗氧化、抑制炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

HDL能抵抗内毒素引起得小鼠损伤

目的:观察HDL、LPS和(HDL+LPS)对小鼠血液SOD及MDA的影响,研究HDL抗LPS的作用.方法:(1)用不同浓度的PEG-6000离心人血浆脂蛋白,提取HDL并脱脂;(2)给小鼠注射HDL,LPS或HDL+LPS,对照组小鼠注射生理盐水;观察小鼠存活时间,测定其血液中SOD活性及MDA含量.结果:(1)相比对照组及HDL组,LPS组和HDL+LPS组小鼠的存活时间明显缩短,且后两者之间存在显著性差异;(2)LPS组小鼠血浆中SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,均和其他三组有显著性差异.结论:LPS能使内毒素损伤小鼠血浆中SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,HDL有抗内毒素损伤的作用.     

欧前胡素对Aβ_(1-42)致阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠海马组织氧化应激反应的影响

研究欧前胡素对Aβ_(1-42)致阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠海马组织氧化应激反应的影响及作用机制。脑室内注射Aβ_(1-42)制备小鼠AD模型,欧前胡素2.5 mg/kg和5.0 mg/kg在手术后当天开始腹腔注射给药,1次/d,连续给药13天。第14天,分离小鼠海马组织,测定氧化应激反应指标ROS、MDA、SOD、TAOC、GSH-Px、CAT、NO和iNOS,Western Blot检测海马组织核蛋白中Nrf-2的蛋白表达。研究显示,欧前胡素可降低海马组织中ROS、MDA和NO的含量和抑制iNOS的活性,增加SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活力和T-AOC的水平,上调Nrf2的蛋白表达。研究结果提示,欧前胡素可减轻Aβ_(1-42)致小鼠AD后海马组织氧化应激反应,其机制同欧前胡素抑制活性氧自由基的产生和抑制脂质过氧化反应及增强机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides supplementation attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of mice

The present study was designed to determine the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PS) on exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle tissues of mice. The mice were divided into four groups (three GL-PS administered groups and the control group). The control group was administered with distilled water and GL-PS administered groups were administered with GL-PS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight per day). After 28 days, the mice performed an exhaustive swimming exercise, along with the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the skeletal muscle of mice. The results showed that GL-PS could increase antioxidant enzymes activities and decrease the MDA levels in the skeletal muscle of mice. This study provides strong evidence that GL-PS supplementation possessed protective effects against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress.     

维生素B_1对丙二醛修饰小牛血清白蛋白的影响

不同来源的活性羰基化合物(主要是非酶糖基化和脂质过氧化中间产物)能和多种蛋白发生交联反应,导致其结构的改变及功能的丧失.利用小牛血清白蛋白/丙二醛(BSA/MDA)这一蛋白羰基应激模式,检测不同浓度的MDA对BSA吸光和荧光的影响.同时,通过向BSA/MDA反应体系加入不同浓度的维生素B1(VB1),检测VB1对蛋白羰基修饰的抑制作用.实验结果表明,蛋白的羰基修饰生成了老年色素类荧光物质(APFs),同时使蛋白的羰基含量增加;VB1在一定程度上抑制了蛋白羰基含量的增加.     

The modulating effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody on ricin-induced oxidative stress in mice

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the protein toxin ricin induces an oxidative stress in mice, resulting in increased urinary excretion of malondialdehyde (MDA), formaldehyde (FA), and acetone (ACON). Other toxicants have been shown to induce oxidative stress by macrophage activation with subsequent release of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Therefore, the ability of TNF-α antibody to modulate ricin-induced urinary carbonyl excretion as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and DNA single-strand breaks was assessed. Ricin-induced urinary MDA, FA, and ACON were reduced significantly in mice receiving antibody (15,000 U/kg) 2 hours before treatment with ricin (5 μ/kg). At 48 hours following ricin treatment, MDA, FA, and ACON concentrations in the urine of TNF antibody-treated mice decreased 25.7, 53.2, and 64.5%, respectively, relative to ricin-treated mice receiving no antibody. In addition, anti-TNF-α (1500 U/kg) significantly decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA single-strand breaks, induced by 5 μg ricin/kg, by 49.3 and 44.2%, respectively. The results suggest that macrophage activation and subsequent release of TNF-α are involved in ricin toxicity.     

秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

Repeated stress alters the ability of nicotine to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Acute nicotine administration has been shown to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone/cortisol and beta-endorphin (beta-END) in both rodents and humans, raising the possibility that activation of the HPA axis by nicotine may mediate some of the effects of nicotine. Since stress can increase the risk of drug use and abuse, we hypothesized that repeated stress would increase the ability of nicotine to stimulate the secretion of HPA hormones. To test our hypothesis, mice were exposed to repeated stress (swimming in 15 degrees C water for 3 min/day for 5 days) and killed 15 min after injection of saline or nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.). Repeated exposure to stress increased the ability of nicotine to stimulate plasma ACTH (p<0.05) and beta-END (p<0.05), but not corticosterone secretion. In contrast, repeated exposure to stress increased the post-saline injection levels of corticosterone (p<0.05), but not ACTH and beta-END. The present results suggest that chronic stress leads to an enhanced sensitivity of some components of the HPA axis to a subsequent nicotine challenge.     

Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the content of lipid peroxidation products in lungs and other organs of mice

The influence of lipopolysaccharide fromEscherichia coli (LPS, 17 mg/kg body weight) on the lipid peroxidation process in organs of mice was studied. The content of conjugated dienes (CD), lipid peroxides (LP), malondialdehyde (MDA) (all three lipid peroxidation by-products), peroxidase (PO) activity and wet-to-dry weight ratio in lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys and liver were determined 1.5 h after intravenous injection of LPS. Animals observed at this time-point had reduced activity and decreased body temperature by about 2°C, however, all analysed organs did not reveal any changes of wet-to-dry weight ratio comparing to organs from mice injected with sterile, pyrogen free 0,9% NaCl. Only extracts from heart and lungs showed significant increase in the tissue level of at least two lipid peroxidation products. The heart content of CD, MDA, and LP was about 1.5-, 1.3-, and 2.4-fold higher than in control group. In lungs CD and MDA increased 3.3- and 1.3-times but in spleen only content of LP was elevated. In these organs the suppression of PO activity was also observed. Liver and kidneys did not reveal any convincing enhancement of lipid peroxidation process and alterations of PO activity. Since free radical reactions are involved in lipid peroxidation process and inactivation of PO these results suggest that heart, lungs and spleen are the organs mostly exposed to oxidative stress during the first 1.5 h after single injection of LPS in mice.Abbreviations CD conjugated dienes - LP lipid peroxides - LPS lipopolysaccharide - MDA malondialdehyde - PMNL polymorphonuclear leukocytes - PO peroxidase - TBA thiobarbituric acid     

新疆野生党参总黄酮体内抗氧化及抗疲劳作用研究

本论文采用对照组及新疆野生党参总黄酮低、中、高三个不同浓度剂量组灌胃小鼠25 d后对其血清与肝脏的超氧化歧化酶( Superoxide Dismutase SOD)活性、丙二醛(Maleic Dialdehyde MDA)含量及肌糖原、肝糖原、血清尿素氮水平等进行测试,并进行负重游泳实验.结果表明:新疆野生党参总黄酮能增强小鼠血清和肝脏的SOD活性,降低MDA的含量,延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,提高肝糖原、肌糖原的储备量,降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮水平.因而,新疆野生党参黄酮类化合物具明显的抗氧化抗疲劳生理功效.     

The Synergic Effect of Regular Exercise and Resveratrol on Kainate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizure Activity in Mice

The synergic effect of regular exercise and resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant activity, was investigated against kainate-induced seizures and oxidative stress in mice. After 6 weeks of swimming training, the total body weight decreased and the blood concentration of lactate stabilized statistically in comparison with the sedentary mice, indicate that the training program increased the aerobic resistance of mice. Kainate (30 mg/kg) evoked seizure activity 5 min after injection, and seizure activity was measured seizure rating scores every 5 min up to 2 h. As previously well known experiments, regular exercise and resveratrol (40 mg/kg, daily supplementation for 6 weeks) have an inhibitory effect on kainate-induced seizure activity and oxidative stress. In particularly, a synergistic cooperation of regular exercise and resveratrol was observed in seizure activity, mortality and oxidative stress especially in SOD activity. These results suggest that regular exercise along with an anti-convulsant agent such as resveratrol could be a more efficient method for the prevention of seizure development than exercise alone.     

Biochemical and ultrastructural lung damage induced by rhabdomyolysis in the rat

Rhabdomyolysis-induced oxidative stress is associated with morphological and functional damage to the kidney and other organs, but applications of this model in the lung are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and the morphological changes occurring in the lungs of rats subjected to rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis was induced by intramuscular glycerol injection (50% v/v, 10 ml/kg), and the control group was injected with saline vehicle. Arterial blood samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hrs for measurement of arterial gases, creatine kinase activity, and plasma free F2-isoprostane levels. Six hours later, the lungs were removed to determine the wet-to-dry weight ratio, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH disulfide (GSSG) levels, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and GSH peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the lungs by measurement of carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage, cell counts, and lung ultrastructural studies were also performed. Six hours after glycerol injection, arterial PO2 and PCO2 were 23% and 38% lower, respectively, and plasma free F2-isoprostane levels were 72% higher, compared with control values. In lungs, protein carbonyl and MDA production were 58% and 12% higher, respectively; the GSH:GSSG ratio and GSH-Px activity were 43% and 60% lower, respectively; and activities of CAT and SOD showed no significant differences compared with controls. Rhabdomyolysis-induced ultrastructural impairment of the lung showed Type II cell damage, extracytoplasmic lamellar bodies and lack of tubular myelin reorganization, endothelial cellular edema, and no disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. These results provide evidence that rhabdomyolysis could induce tissue injury associated with increased oxidative stress, suggesting the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenic mechanism of acute lung injury.     

不同运动强度对黑鲷生长、血清和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响

研究以黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)[体长(6.75±0.03) cm, 体重(11.56±0.15) g]为研究对象, 设计对照组(0 bl/s、体长/秒)和训练组(1.0、2.0和4.0 bl/s)4个水流速度, 探讨2周游泳运动训练对黑鲷生长、血清和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明, 训练组的特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)都出现显著下降(P<0.05), 4.0 bl/s组存活率(SR)最低(P<0.05)。在2.0 bl/s强度下, 血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)均显著下降(P<0.05), 而总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)则显著升高(P<0.05)。随着强度的增加, 训练组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性出现不同程度的下降, 过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性上升; 丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羰基含量呈先下降后上升趋势, 差异不显著。2周的训练显著增强了抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05), 对溶菌酶(LZM)活性无显著影响。运动训练对黑鲷肝脏T-AOC和MDA没有显著性影响, GSH含量、AKP、ACP和CAT活性均呈现上升的趋势。综合考虑黑鲷生长、血清和肝脏抗氧化指标得出, 在游泳训练强度为2.0 bl/s时, 最有利于提升黑鲷机体抗氧化能力。