中国星水虻属五新种(双翅目,水虻科)(英文)

记述我国星水虻属5新种,即基褐星水虻Actina basalis sp.nov.,贡山星水虻A.gongshana sp.nov.,长角星水虻A.longa sp.nov.,腾冲星水虻A.tengchongana sp.nov.和张氏星水虻A.zhangae sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆。1基褐星水虻,新种Actina basalis sp.nov.(图3～4)新种与西藏星水虻A.xizangensis Yanget Nagatomi有些近似,但触角比头部短,中足胫节基部暗黄色。正模♂,云南金平保护站,2006-05-18,张俊华采。副模2♂♂,云南金平丫口,2006-05-18,张俊华采。2贡山星水虻,新种Actina gongshana sp.nov.(图5～6)新种与双叶星水虻A.bilobata Li,Zhanget Yang近似,但前足胫节褐色且基部暗黄色,触角鞭节黑色且基部黄褐色,阳茎三叶。正模♂,云南贡山丹侏,2007-05-18,刘星月采。副模2♂♂,同正模。3长角星水虻,新种Actinalonga sp.nov.(图1～2)新种与变星水虻A.varipes Lindner近似,但头胸背面紫色,触角比头部长。正模♂,西藏林芝,3050m,1978-06-04,李法圣采。4腾冲星水虻,新种Actina tengchongana sp.nov.(图7～8)新种与黄端星水虻A.apici flava Li,Zhanget Yang近似,但头部背面紫色,生殖基节腹面愈合部基部呈V型凹缺,阳茎中叶钝而侧叶端部稍内弯。正模♂,云南腾冲自治,2007-05-31,刘星月采。5张氏星水虻,新种Actinazhangae sp.nov.(图9～10)新种与长突星水虻A.elongata Li,Zhanget Yang很近似,但后足腿节无褐色前条纹,后足胫节基部褐色,M3不直接与盘室相连。正模♂,云南金平丫口,2006-05-18,张俊华采。     

贵州盾刺水虻属一新种(双翅目,水虻科)

记述我国贵州盾刺水虻属1新种,即崔氏盾刺水虻Oxycera cuiae sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆。崔氏盾刺水虻,新种Oxycera cuiae sp.nov.(图1～2)新种与分布台湾的顶盾刺水虻O.apicalis(Kertsz)近似,但翅端部一致烟灰色,足腿节黑色且末端暗黄色,腹部全黑色。正模♀,副模1♀,贵州麻阳河黄土乡920m,2007-09-28,崔育思。词源:新种以采集者崔育思姓氏命名。     

中国柱角水虻属二新种(双翅目,水虻科)(英文)

记述我国柱角水虻属2新种,即黄跗柱角水虻Beris flava sp.nov.,舟曲柱角水虻B.zhouquensis sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆和中国科学院动物研究所。1黄跗柱角水虻,新种Beris flavasp.nov.(图1～3)新种与端褐柱角水虻B.fuscipes Meigen近似,但复眼的毛短而稀疏,生殖背板无背侧突,生殖突长钩状。正模♂,宁夏径源龙潭,1880m,2008-07-05,刘经贤。副模1♂,同正模。2舟曲柱角水虻,新种Beris zhouquensis sp.nov.(图4～6)新种与指突柱角水虻B.digitata Li,Zhanget Yang近似,但跗节全黑色,生殖突基部无突起。正模♂,甘肃舟曲沙滩林场,2400m,1999-07-17,王洪建。副模1♂,同正模,1999-07-16,姚建采。     

湖北神农架喜舞虻属五新种(双翅目,舞虻科)(英文)

记述湖北神农架喜舞虻属Hilara5新种,即须尖喜舞虻H. acuticercus sp. nov.,双刺喜舞虻H. bispina sp. nov.,长须喜舞虻H. longicercus sp. nov.,长鬃喜舞虻H. longiseta sp.nov.和刺突喜舞虻H. spina sp. nov.。     

中国盾刺水虻属一新种记述(双翅目,水虻科)(英文)

记述我国盾刺水虻属Oxycera 1新种,即基斑盾刺水虻O.basalis sp.nov..模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

中国线角水虻属四新种(双翅目,水虻科)

记述线角水虻属4新种,即离斑线角水虻N. dissitus sp.nov.,黄颜线角水虻N.faciflavus sp.nov.,黄腹线角水虻N.ventiflavus sp.nov.和新疆线角水虻N.xinjianganus sp.nov,.模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

中国距水虻属六新种(双翅目:水虻科)

记述中国距水虻属Allognosta Meigen 6新种,即保山距水虻 A.baoshana,sp.nov.,红河距水虻A.honghensis,sp.nov.,金平距水虻A.jinpingensis,sp.nov.,单斑距水虻A singularis,sp.nov.,腾冲距水虻A.tengchongana,sp.n...     

中国距水虻属新种记述(双翅目,水虻科)

记述我国距水虻属Allognosta 4新种,即黑端距水虻A.apicinigra sp.nov.、刘氏距水虻A.liui sp.nov.、宁夏距水虻A.ningxiana sp.nov.和雁山距水虻A.yanshana sp.nov,.模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

中国距水虻属四新种(双翅目,水虻科)(英文)

记述我国距水虻属Allognosta 4新种,基黑距水虻A.basinigra sp.nov.,彩旗距水虻A.caiqiana sp.nov.,大龙潭距水虻A.dalongtana sp.nov.,梁氏距水虻A.liangi sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国星水虻属三新种(双翅目:水虻科)

@@ 本文记述中国星水虻属3新种,即双斑星水虻Actina bimaculata,sp.nov.,三斑星水虻A trimaculata,sp.nov.和单斑星水虻A unimaculata,sp.nov..模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

On the Knowledge of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) and Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) marginalis (Reitter, 1894) (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae)

Entomological Review - The type and other extensive material of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) and some of its synonyms was examined. Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) marginalis...     

Electronic structures of collagen model polymers: (Gly-Pro)n, (Gly-Hyp)n, (Ala-Pro)n, (Ala-Hyp)n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)n, and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n

In order to investigate the relationship existing between the electronic structures of collagen and its biochemical functions in vivo, the semiempirical CNDO/2 SCF MO calculations were carried out on several model polymers of collagen, (Gly-Pro)_n, (Gly-Hyp)_n, (Ala-Pro)_n, (Ala-Hyp)_n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)_n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)_n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)_n and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n. Geometries of the skeleton of these polymers were assumed to be the same as those of poly(l-proline) I (cis) and II (trans) and the calculations were performed only on infinite polymers in a single chain. The results show that the cis form is always more stable than the trans form for all the polymers treated. This energy difference between the cis and trans forms depends, for example, on the kind of amino acid residue, Gly or Ala, but this could not be seen in the Pro or Hyp residue. The flexibility or mobility of the collagen structure was explained using the energy difference between the cis and trans forms of the polymers, i.e. the cis-trans conversion of the collagen was discussed in connection with the energy difference. The reason why the collagen has the constitution of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n is briefly discussed.     

On the Synonymy of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae)

Entomological Review - The type material of several synonyms of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) is revised. Both Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) striatipennis (Eppelsheim, 1894) and...     

Ecomorphology ofCrassostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) (Ostreidae) in a mangrove creek (Gazi,Kenya)

Variations of shell form and shell length were studied for oysters growing in the mangroves of Gazi Creek, Kenya, and related to different environmental factors.For the study of the form, Fourier analysis was performed on the circumference of 85 oysters. The resulting coefficients were compared among specimens using cluster analysis. The correspondence between this classification and substrate diameter is virtually perfect (only one misclassification out of 85 oysters). For the clusters based on height above chart datum, 9 specimens, all on intermediate height levels, were misclassified. Orientation with respect to tidal current had 13 misclassifications. Mangrove species seemed to influence form only marginally, if at all.In the study of the size ofCrassostrea cucullata, the length of 956 oysters, growing along two transects were measured, and correlated with several environmental factors. Oyster length was not related to substrate diameter or its orientation with respect to the main current. Length was not influenced by density up to a cover of 70%. For densities higher than 70%, there was a fairly strong negative correlation (r ² = 0.634,n = 217). Length was not correlated with height above bottom (base of the tree) for heights lower than 20 cm, while oysters growing closer to the bottom were smaller. The correlation with height above chart datum was negative but very low (r ² = 0.060,n = 957). However, if all measurements of oysters closer than 20 cm to the bottom, and all from a density of more than 70% cover are deleted from the data set, the correlation with height increased dramatically, the slope still being negative (r ² = 0.859,n = 543).     

Genetic polymorphism (ABO, Rh, Kell) in Kabul (Afghanistan)

ABO, rhesus and Kell blood group data on 1327 donors in Kabul are analysed by ethnic affinity and compared with existing data on Afghanistan peoples. Blood group frequencies are very similar in Pushtu and Tadjik, despite their different historical, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds. Inclusion of the small sample of Hazara in the analysis shows overall heterogeneity in rhesus D, E, and e frequencies, suggesting the existence of a broader pattern of genetic variation among the peoples of Afghanistan.     

Tachinid (Diptera, Tachinidae) parasitoids of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)

A list of 31 genera of tachinid parasitoids of sawflies is given. Despite the ecological and habitual similarity of sawflies and Lepidoptera, utilization of sawflies by tachinids was not as successful from the evolutionary point of view as utilization of Lepidoptera. Parasitism of tachinids in sawflies is evidently secondary; it appeared repeatedly and originates from parasitism in Lepidoptera. Most genera of tachinids are polyphagous. Endoparasitic Hymenoptera are koinobionts similarly to tachinids. The direct contact of the parasitoid with active mobile host larva not only results in complication of behavior and its specialization, but also promotes formation of different morphological innovations faster than that in idiobionts.     

Spermiogenesis in Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea,Malacostraca, Syncarida)

Spermiogenesis of the syncarid Anaspides tasmaniae (subclass Eumalacostraca) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoan of Anaspides is an ovoid cell with an acrosome covering the anterior pole and a lobulated nucleus and mitochondria occupying the rest of the cell. A long subacrosomal filament bypasses the nucleus and forms a spiral that supports a thin extension of the posterior cytoplasm, giving the spermatozoan a bell-shaped appearance. No flagellum is present at any stage. The immobile spermatozoans are embedded in a hard capsule, secreted by the cells of the wall of the vas deferens.     

Molecular-Mechanical studies of the mismatched base analogs of d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2:d(CGTGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGAGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGCGAATTCACG)2, d(CGCGAATTCTCG)2, and d(CGCAGAATTCGCG)·d(CGCGAATTCGCG)

Molecular-mechanical simulations have been carried out on “mismatched base” analogs of the DNA double-helical structure d(CGCGAATTCGCG)₂, in which the base pairs CG at the 3 and 10 positions have been replaced by CA, AG, TC, and TG base pairs, as well as an insertion analog in which an extra adenine has been incorporated into one strand of the above structure between bases 3 and 4. The results of these simulations (calculated relative stabilities, structures, and nmr ring-current shifts) have been compared with calorimetric and nmr data. The calculated relative stabilities of the double-helical parent dodecamer and the various “wobble” base pairs qualitatively correlate with the experimental melting temperatures. The base-pairing structure for the GT wobble pair is in agreement with that previously determined from nmr experiments. For the GA base pair, the structure with both bases anti has a slightly more favorable energy from base pairing and stacking than a structure with non-Watson-Crick H-bonding with adenine syn, in agreement with nmr experiments. The CA wobble base is calculated to favor an adenine 6NH₂ …? cytosine N3 H-bond over cytosine 4NH₂ …? adenine N1, again, in agreement with nmr experiments. There is no definitive experimental data on the TC base pair, but the existence of (somewhat long and weak) H-bonds involving cytosine 4NH₂ …? thymine 4CO and cytosine N3 …? thymine HN3 seems reasonable. We find a structure in which the extra adenine base of the insertion analogs sits “inside” the double helix.     

寡毛金花天牛的新异名

奥地利天牛分类学家Holzschuh(1993)根据四川标本描述了C.anrotes(Carilia)glabricollis Holzschuh,1993.因该学名已被光胸金花天牛Gaurotes (Neogaurotes )glabricollis Pu,1992占用,Holzschuh(1998)为其拟定了替换学名Gaurotes (Carilia )glabratula Holzschuh,1998.后来,蒋书楠、陈力(2001)也为这个异物同名拟定了一个不必要的替换学名寡毛金花天牛Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001.根据<国际动物命名法规>(第4版),Gaurotes (Carilia)glabratula Holzschuh,1998享有优先权,因此Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001成为客观次异名.     

First description of the female of Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) gracilior (Chen, 1975) (Diptera,Sarcophagidae)

Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) gracilior (Chen, 1975) is documented from specimens collected in Hubei Province, China, using morphological characters and wing interference patterns (WIPs). The female of S. (S.) gracilior is described for the first time, the male is redescribed, and both sexes are photographed. The distribution of the species is updated.