福建大头蛙的核型及带型分析

利用骨髓细胞蒸气固定法制备染色体标本,研究了福建大头蛙(Limnonectesfujianensis)黄山居群的核型、C 带和Ag NORs。结果表明,福建大头蛙核型为2n =2 2 =2 0M 2SM ,NF =44,次缢痕位于No 1 0q ;各染色体均有着丝粒C 带,3p、9q出现插入型C 带;Ag NORs位于1 0q。     

温州不同区域泽蛙染色体组型比较研究

本文报道温州四个不同区域泽蛙（ Ｒａｎａｌｉｍｎｏｃｈａｒｉｓ Ｂｏｉｅ） 的染色体组型。结果表明四处泽蛙均为２ｎ＝２６ （５ ＋８） , ＮＦ＝５２ 。温州市区、乐清、洞头泽蛙在６ｐ 上有一对次缢痕, 文成泽蛙在７ｐ 上有一对次缢痕。洞头、文成泽蛙ｎｏｓ－４、９、１１ 为ＳＭ 染色体, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体; 温州泽蛙ｎｏｓ－３、４、８ 为ＳＭ, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体;乐清泽蛙ｎｏｓ－４、９ 为ＳＭ 染色体, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体。通过温州不同区域以及国内外其它地区泽蛙染色体组型的比较, 结果差异明显, 显示泽蛙核型的多样性。     

云南三种角蟾的细胞遗传学研究

本文研究了云南三种角蟾的核型,C－带和Ag-NORs,结果显示宽头大角蟾,其2n=26(16M 8SM 2T),NF=50,5 8,No.10为T,次缢痕和Ag－NORs位于1p per,该区域同时还呈现C－带正染,其全部染色体的着丝点都有强弱不等的C－带染色;大花角蟾的核型2n=26(16M 8SM=2ST),NF＝50,5＋8,No.6为ST,次缢痕和Ag-NORs位于5q pes,全部着丝点均有C－带正染;凹顶角蟾5n=26(16M 4SM 6T),NF=46,6 7.No.11-13为T,次缢痕和Ag-NORs位于5q per,全部着丝点及周围均有浓C－带正染。三个种均未发现与性别相关的异形染色体,最后讨论了角蟾属核型演化的途径。     

天台蛙和合征姬蛙的核型及其银染色研究

本文报道了天台蛙和合征姬蛙的核型和Ag-NORs。用骨髓细胞为实验材料,采用离心法或蒸气固定法制作染色体标本。结果：天台蛙2n=26,由5对大型染色体和8对小型染色体组成,其中有2对st染色体,6对sm染色体和5对m染色体。No.11染色体上有一恒定的次组痕;合征姬蛙2n＝24,包括6对大型染色体和6对小型染色体,除NO-3为st染色体外,其余的均为m染色体。一对次绕痕位于No.9染色体长臂上。天台蛙和合征姬蛙的Ag-NoRs分别位于No.11和No.9染色体的次槛痕区,未见有扩增现象。     

水貂的染色体研究

采用复制带、C带和硝酸银染色等分带技术研究了水貂的核型和带型。结果表明,2n=30,枝型为10（M）＋16（SM）＋2（A）,XX（M）。C-带显示该水貂的一些染色体的结构异染色质比较丰富,从着丝粒区域延伸到两臂上,No.5染色体着丝粒结构异染色质有些弱化;X染色体的结构异染色质较常染色体的丰富。Ag-NORs有3个,分布在No.8染色体的次缢痕区域和一条No.2染色体长臂接近着丝粒的区域。     

黑眶蟾蜍、黑斑蛙、中国雨蛙不同地理居群的染色体多样性

本文研究温州地区的黑眶蟾蜍、黑斑蛙、中国雨蛙的核型,分析了三个地理居群的黑星期五蟾蜍、四个地理居群的黑斑蛙、三个地理居群的中国雨蛙核型。结果表明不同地理居群的同种蛙有相同的染色体数和核型模式。黑星期五蟾蜍为2n＝22,NF＝44,核模式6＋5;黑斑蛙为2n=26,NF=52,核模式5＋8;中国雨蛙为2n＝24,NF＝48,核模式6＋6。但同一种蛙的不同地理居群之间在SM数目和顺序、次缢痕或随体的位置等有所不同。说明不同地理居群的同种蛙的染色体具有丰富的多样性。     

西双版纳地区两种水蛙的核型、C带和Ag-NOR研究The

本文报道了西双版纳地区黑带水蛙（Hylarana nigrivittata Blyth）的核型,2n=26(18M+8SM),ＮＦ＝５２,５＋８,Ｎos.２、３、８、９为ＳＭ,Ｃ带位于全部染色体的着丝点区域,Ag-NOR一对,位于12qinter,有异形现象。黑耳水蛙（H.varinus Boulenger）的核型2n=26(24M+2SM),NF=52,5+8,No.8为ＳＭ,Ｎos.2、3、10为Ｍ或ＳＭ,Ｃ带亦主要出现在各染色体的着丝类区域,但Ｎo.10者较弱,一对Ag-NOR位于10qinter,有异形现象。黑耳水蛙有染色体数目变异。除大多数分裂相为26外,尚有27或28者,后者多一个或一对小Ｍ,Ｃ带或深或浅正染。     

两种髭蟾的Ag—NORs,C—带及核型的研究

本文叙述和比较了峨眉髭蟾和哀牢髭蟾的核型,C-带和Ag-NORs,结果表明两者有下列相同方面:2n=26(6+7)、除No.3为SM外,其余诸对概为M,次缢痕和Ag-NoRs位于6q,并都表现出异形现象,No.1长臂有长度异形,但所增染色体片断不呈现C-带正染,C-带正染主要是在各对染色体的着丝点区域,另外No.2短臂近着丝区域亦为正染。这些表明二者之间有很大的核带型同源性。但是二者间在核型的某些对应染色体之间,在相对长度(6对)和臂比值(2对)方面有显著性差异,故可推测其机制是相互易位和臂间倒位。另外,哀牢髭蟾未发现与性别相关的异形性染色体。     

大头蛙的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs的研究

本文报道了云南产大头蛙(Rana kuh1ii）的核型,其2n=22(20M＋2ST), NF=42;除No.11外,其余各对均显示着丝点C-带;一对Ag-NORs和SC位于10q。未发现与性别有关的异型染色体。     

哀牢蟾蛤和新疆绿蟾蛤的核型、C一带和Ag-NOR

本文报道了云南的哀牢蟾赊和新疆绿蟾蛤的核型I C-带和Ag-NORso 新疆绿蟾赊2n=44 (36M＋8SM), NF,88,除Nos. 7, 8, 13, 14四对是SM外,其余诸对均为M,一对随体和Ag-NORs 位于12q ter, C一带位于全部染色体的着丝点区域,随体位置也显示C一带,并有少数不稳定的端位和插 入型C一带。推测它可能是来自欧洲绿蟾蛛的老四倍体类型。哀牢蟾蛛2”二22 (20M十2SM), NF- 44,其中只有No. 7为SM,一对Ag-NORs和随体位于6q ter,但该区域不着染C-带;全部染色体的 着丝点显示不同程度的C-带正染;本种未发现与性别相关的异形染色体。最后,文中讨论了蟾蛛属的 核型演化机制。     

黑斑蛙核型、C-带及Ag-NORs 研究

本文采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,观察黑斑蛙的染色体标本,研究黑斑蛙的核型,C-带和Ag-NORs。研究结果表明：（1）黑斑蛙淋巴细胞染色体数目为2n=26,其中有5对大染色体和8对小染色体,核型是二型性核型;（2）分别对雌雄个体的中期分裂相进行观察,在第11号染色体长臂中部有明显的次缢痕,但变异核型次缢痕在第8号染色体长臂的中部;（3）在第5号染色体长臂上有一条明显的近端粒C-带;（4）第11号染色体是一对具有银染核仁形成区的同源染色体,且雌雄个体的银染位置相同。     

Evidence for chromosome number reduction and chromosomal homosequentiality in the 24-chromosome Korean frog Rana dybowskii and related species

The karyotype of the Korean frog Rana dybowskii with its pattern of C-band heterochromatin distribution was numerically analyzed. There are 2n = 24 chromosomes in the karyotype representing a reduction in number from the typical 2n = 26 chromosome karyotype of Rana. The karyotype shows other evidence of reorganization relative to 26-chromosome species. The chromosomes grade smoothly in size from largest to smallest without the two size classes that are characteristic for 26-chromosome species. In contrast to many 26-chromosome species, there are few centromeric C-bands but many interstitial ones. C-bands for each homologous chromosome pair are distinctive. A prominent secondary constriction is located on one of the smallest chromosomes, chromosome 11, in a position similar to that seen in most 26-chromosome species. The karyotype of R. dybowskii is compared to those of other species of Rana known to have 2n = 24 chromosomes; it is most similar to that of R. chensinensis, less so that of R. ornativentris and less still to that of R. arvalis in terms of the positions of centromeres and secondary constrictions. C-bands as well as secondary constrictions in the karyotypes of these frogs show evidence of chromosomal homosequentiality. The process and possible consequences of chromosome number reduction from an ancestral 26-chromosome karyotype is also evident in the karyotypes of these closely allied palearctic frogs. Pericentric inversions followed by fusion of two small elements apparently produced a new chromosome, chromosome 6, occurring originally among northeast Asian populations.     

云南三种同域分布的棘蛙（蛙科Ranidae：无尾目Anura）的核型和银带研究

本文比较分析了云南景东地区三种同域分布棘蛙的核型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ。花棘蛙２ｎ＝２６（１６Ｍ＋ １０ＳＭ）,ＮＦ＝５２,次缢痕和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于１ｐｉｎｔｅｒ,Ｎｏｓ．２－４,８,９等为ＳＭ。棘肛蛙２ｎ＝４０（１６Ｍ＋ ２０ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋２Ｔ）,ＮＦ＝７８,Ｎｏｓ．５－９,１１－１３,１５,１７等１０对为ＳＭ,Ｎｏ．３为ＳＴ,Ｎｏ．１８为Ｔ,其余 均为Ｍ,Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于１１Ｐ。二种的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ都有异形现象。双团棘胸蛙２ｎ＝６４Ｔ,次缢痕和Ａｇ－ ＮＯＲＳ在４ｑｐｅｒ。都未发现异形性染色体。最后,对棘蛙属的核型演化机制和物种形成方式作了讨论。     

中国两种掌突蟾(锄足蟾科Pelobatidae,无尾目Anura)的细胞遗传学研究

本文对分布于云南境内的两种Leptolalax——L.ventripunctatus和L.alpinus的常规Giemsa核型、C-带和Ag-NORs作了研究,结果表明L.ventripunctatus的2n=22,20M 2T,NF=42,1对Ag-NORs位于5(?),并呈现异形现象,该区域亦显C-带正染;L.alpinus 2n=24,14M 4SM 6T,NF=42,1对Ag-NORs位于No.8短臂端部,并有随体联合现象。两种的着丝点区域均呈现C-带正染。     

白颊长臂猿染色体的研究

本文对我国云南南部的白须长臂猿（Ｈ．ｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）染色体的Ｇ带、Ｃ带、晚复制带及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ进行了较为详细的研究。它的２ｎ＝５２,核型公式为４４（Ｍ或ＳＭ）＋６（Ａ）,ＸＹ（Ｍ,Ａ）。Ｃ带表明一些染色体着丝点Ｃ带弱化;有的染色体出现插入的和端位的Ｃ带;Ｘ染色体两臂有端位Ｃ带,Ｙ染色体是Ｃ带阳性和晚复制的。Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数目,雌体有４个,雄体有５个,Ｙ染色体上具ＮＯＲ。本文对白颊长臂猿与其它长臂猿间的亲缘关系、核型进化的可能途径进行了讨论。     

石貂的染色体研究

本文对分布在我国的石貂北方亚种染色体进行了较详细的研究。结果表明２ｎ＝３８,核型为１４（Ｍ）＋４（ＳＭ）＋１８（ＳＴ）,ＸＹ（Ｍ,Ａ）。Ｃ－带显示该亚种的一些染色体着丝粒区域结构异染色质弱化或消失。Ｎｏ,９染色体的短臂完全异染色质化;Ｘ染色体长臂丰出现插入杂色质带;Ｙ为完全结构异染色质组成。     

云南三种齿蟾的细胞遗传学研究(锄足蟾科Pelobatidae,无尾目Anura)

本文报道了分布在云南的3种齿蟾(乡城齿蟾、景东齿蟾和棘疣齿蟾)的核型、Ag-NORs和C-带,结果表明2n=26(6+7).NF=52,一对次缢痕和Ag-NORs位于6 q,该区域同时被C-带正染,其余C-带位于各对染色体的着丝点区域。这些特征表现出3种齿蟾的核型同源性和原始性。齿蟾属内种间各对应染色体对在相对长度和臂比值的差异显著性测定表明其核型演化途径可能是臂间倒位和相互易位。3种齿蟾具有染色体数目和Ag-NORs的变异和异形现象,其中乡城齿蟾的一个多余染色体呈现C-带正染,因此可能是B染色体,是锄足蟾科中首次报道。三种齿蟾均未发现与性别相关的异形染色体。     

Inter- and intraspecific evolutionary relationships of the rice frog Rana limnocharis and the allied species R. cancrivora inferred from crossing experiments and mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S and 16S rRNA genes

The rice frog Rana limnocharis is widely distributed in Southeast Asia and the rest of the Asian region extending from India to Japan. In Japan, the Sakishima-island populations of this species were regarded as a distinct species based on morphological and genetic divergences. The main purposes of this study were to confirm the presence of intraspecific reproductively isolating mechanisms in the Sakishima-island populations of R. limnocharis, and to clarify molecular inter- and intraspecific relationships of R. limnocharis and an allied species, Rana cancrivora. The hybridization experiments revealed that there were no reproductively isolating mechanisms between the Sakishima-island populations and other populations of R. limnocharis. The molecular evolutionary relationships were investigated by analyzing nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes using 12 populations of R. limnocharis from Japan and Taiwan, and two populations of R. cancrivora from Thailand and the Philippines. The phylogenetic trees constructed by the NJ method showed that the two populations of R. cancrivora were clearly separated from the 12 populations of R. limnocharis, and that the 12 populations of R. limnocharis were broadly divided into three clades; the first comprising eight populations from the main islands of Japan, the second comprising the Sakishima-island populations, and the third comprising the Okinawa-island and Taiwan populations. Interestingly, the Okinawa-island and Taiwan populations of R. limnocharis showed a close relationship that possibly reflected a secondary contact between the two populations. Based on the present crossing experiments and molecular data, it seems reasonable to regard the Sakishima-island populations as a single subspecies of R. limnocharis.