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1.
In earlier works we have investigated the correlation between aerobiological and phytogcographical data, assessing the presence and number of the most important allergenic taxa in our area. More recently we have enquired into the relationship between phenological and aerobiological phenomena, checking the flowering period of the allergenic species growing in different ecological stations. These studies have been further developed by analytical investigations of the phenomena. Presence-abundance of the taxonomic groups has been assessed by field surveys and represented cartographically. An accurate evaluation of the results has made it possible to draw up a series of maps in order to provide (a) a more precise knowledge of the relationship between pollen dispersal and trapping and the pollen sources, (b) useful data for the interpretation and prediction of symptoms in patients. 相似文献
2.
A phenological study on allergenic plants was carried out in Padua during 1995 in order to identify spontaneous and cultivated
allergenic species in an urban area and their distribution, and to evaluate the relationship between anthesis length and airborne
pollen concentrations. In some cases, there was no temporal overlap between phenological and aerobiological data, in particular
forCorylaceae, Betulaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae and Fagaceae. 相似文献
3.
F. Alba D. Nieto-Lugilde P. Comtois C. Díaz de la Guardia C. De Linares L. Ruiz 《Aerobiologia》2006,22(2):107-116
Estimations based upon geostatistics and mapping have enabled the construction of a spatial model to predict the presence of biological particles in a particular region. This methodological proposal has been tested in a case study, at a regional scale, of airborne Olea pollen, using the data acquired from␣various sampling stations that are designed for the aerobiological monitoring of pollen levels. These sampling stations have been set up in cities throughout the region of Andalusia (southern Spain) at sites with very different characteristics in terms of biogeography, bioclimate, topography and vegetation. Pollen counts were made daily at all sites during 2003 using a volumetric spore-trap. Data were comparatively analysed in classical diagrams and by means of spatial-temporal maps. Space-time models were constructed using three coordinates, x, y (the UTM coordinates of each sampling station) and z, (the aerobiological data compiled for a specific period). The aerobiological data were interpolated by applying the traditional geostatistical method of Kriging. The introduction of the variable “space” into the model allowed us to predict pollen levels in different areas throughout the region. The interpolation method was used to make weekly estimations of Olea pollen values in areas where there was no aerobiological sampling station. In addition, the maps generated present a two-dimensional vision of the study area, showing that bioclimatic diversity of this region promotes a step-wise flowering of Olea. 相似文献
4.
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo Diego Fdez-Sevilla Alicja Stach Victoria Jato 《Aerobiologia》2010,26(1):1-14
Pollen data recorded by a single sampler in any given city often fail to reflect particular events occurring in surrounding
areas. This is frequently overlooked when interpreting aerobiological results, and therefore pollen data obtained in urban
areas may not necessarily be representative of the situation in more rural areas of the same city. Our purpose is to assess
differences between allergenic pollen concentrations recorded in an urban area (Eskulap) and a rural/suburban (Morasko) of
the same city from 2005 to 2007. Anova-Manova Scheffe, Spearman correlation and Mixed-design ANOVA whitin-subjects effects
tests were applied. The results obtained have showed longer pollen seasons, earlier starts of flowering and later conclusion
in the urban area. The participation of arboreal pollen in the pollen fall of both sites had enough significative similarities
to determine that is linked to regional conditions, while differences in the atmospheric pollen content of herbaceous plants
between sites should be due to local conditions. 相似文献
5.
Comparative ecological and aerobiological analyses of ornamental urban flora in the cities of Córdoba (Spain) and Ascoli Piceno (Italy) identified a group of plants with allergenic pollen whose behaviour is influenced by a number of factors. The geographical position and the resulting climate of both cities favoured the presence of Mediterranean species. In Córdoba, strongly allergenic evergreens introduced during the Moorish period predominated (Cupressus sempervirens, among others), while in the urban area of Ascoli Piceno, Pinaceae were abundant. In both cities, many species of American origin have been introduced for aesthetic reasons, contributing to an increase in the overall allergenicity of urban greenery. The pollen spectrum differed between the two cities: airborne Oleaceae and Cupressaceae pollen abounded in Córdoba, whilst allergenic pollen from surrounding natural environments (Corylaceae) predominated in Ascoli Piceno. These results pointed to a large number of potentially allergenic species in cities, thus highlighting the importance of greater ecological and aerobiological knowledge of allergenic species of urban ornamental flora. Avoidance of more allergenic species when planning new urban green areas could ensure healthier environments for pollen-allergy sufferers. 相似文献
6.
M. J. Velasco-Jiménez P. Alcázar A. Valle M. M. Trigo F. Minero E. Domínguez-Vilches C. Galán 《Aerobiologia》2014,30(1):91-101
A number of ornamental plant species produce pollen grains with allergenic properties, thus posing a potential risk to human health. A comparative study of the ecological and aerobiological characteristics of ornamental urban flora in four Andalusian cities revealed the presence of over 100 potentially allergenic ornamental plant species. Most of these were phanerophytes, and species of Asiatic origin predominated, followed by Mediterranean and American species. However, not all potentially allergenic ornamental plants were of aerobiological significance, since some produce only small amounts of pollen, while others were infrequent or were located at a considerable distance from the sampler. Even so, when designing new urban parks and gardens, every effort should be made to ensure maximum species variability avoiding the excessive use of any single species. 相似文献
7.
A study is made of the effect of air temperature on the start of the pollen seasons of three tree species—Ulmus, Platanus andOlea—in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. These initial results are based on an aerobiological analysis performed over a 4-year
period in the city of Granada, Spain. Sampling was carried out with a Burkard spore trap. The main aim of the present study
was to use regression analysis to identify the preseasonal date when these species start to accumulate heat in their floral
buds, enabling models to be created that indicate the onset of the pollen season for these taxa. ForUlmus there was no significant correlation between the onset of pollination and the mean temperature during the preceding period,
whereasPlatanus presented a significant correlation with mean temperature during the month of January, andOlea with mean temperature during the second fortnight in February and the month of March. ForUlmus, the start of the pollen season ranged between 30 January and 8 February; forPlatanus, between 13 and 17 March; and forOlea, between 20 April and 13 May. The accumulated temperature needed to induce the onset of flowering ranged between 121 and
256°C forUlmus, with values of 428–607°C and 656–881°C forPlatanus andOlea, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Romano Zerboni Mariangela Manfredi Paolo Campi Pier Virgilio Arrigoni 《Aerobiologia》1986,2(1-2):2-13
Summary The aim of our research work was to evaluate the results from our pollen count (p.c.) carried out at the Allergological Centre
of Nuovo Osp. San Giovanni di Dio in Florence, in the light of orogeographical, phytogeographical and meteorological data.
The highest p.c. was yielded by Graminaceae which appear in small quantities early in the year but increase considereably
starting from April. Oleaceae too showed high pollen concentration but over a shorter lenght of time. The p.c. for Compositae
and Urticaceae was lower. It should be noted that Cupressaceae yielded constantly high p.c. in February–March. Investigations
on the allergenic flora of the surroundings were carried out concentrically in order to find out the closest and the farthest
sources of pollen production. The species investigated come under 7 types of vegetation: xerophilous woods, mesophilous woods,
conifers woods, parks and gardens, rural areas, meadows, border areas-weeds. A phytosociological study of the types of vegetation
has made it possible to evaluate the single species quantitatively. The different sources of pollen production can be spotted
by mapping these types of vegetation. The seasonal characterization of pollen production is better defined by means of periodical
phenological checking of the existing allergenic flora along carefully planned routes through the areas next to the sampling
station.
相似文献
9.
Sofiev M Siljamo P Ranta H Rantio-Lehtimäki A 《International journal of biometeorology》2006,50(6):392-402
This paper considers the feasibility of numerical simulation of large-scale atmospheric transport of allergenic pollen. It is shown that at least small grains, such as birch pollen, can stay in the air for a few days, which leads to a characteristic scale for their transport of ∼103 km. The analytical consideration confirmed the applicability of existing dispersion models to the pollen transport task and provided some reference parameterizations of the key processes, including dry and wet deposition. The results were applied to the Finnish Emergency Dispersion Modelling System (SILAM), which was then used to analyze pollen transport to Finland during spring time in 2002–2004. Solutions of the inverse problems (source apportionment) showed that the main source areas, from which the birch flowering can affect Finnish territory, are the Baltic States, Russia, Germany, Poland, and Sweden—depending on the particular meteorological situation. Actual forecasting of pollen dispersion required a birch forest map of Europe and a unified European model for birch flowering, both of which were nonexistent before this study. A map was compiled from the national forest inventories of Western Europe and satellite images of broadleaf forests. The flowering model was based on the mean climatological dates for the onset of birch forests rather than conditions of any specific year. Utilization of probability forecasting somewhat alleviated the problem, but the development of a European-wide flowering model remains the main obstacle for real-time forecasting of large-scale pollen distribution. 相似文献
10.
New biomolecular tools for aerobiological monitoring: Identification of major allergenic Poaceae species through fast real‐time PCR 下载免费PDF全文
Sofia Ghitarrini Elisa Pierboni Cristina Rondini Emma Tedeschini Gloria R. Tovo Giuseppe Frenguelli Emidio Albertini 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(8):3996-4010
Grasses (Poaceae) are very common plants, which are widespread in all environments and urban areas. Despite their economical importance, they can represent a problem to humans due to their abundant production of allergenic pollen. Detailed information about the pollen season for these species is needed in order to plan adequate therapies and to warn allergic people about the risks they take in certain areas at certain moments. Moreover, precise identification of the causative species and their allergens is necessary when the patient is treated with allergen‐specific immunotherapy. The intrafamily morphological similarity of grass pollen grains makes it impossible to distinguish which particular species is present in the atmosphere at a given moment. This study aimed at developing new biomolecular tools to analyze aerobiological samples and identifying major allergenic Poaceae taxa at subfamily or species level, exploiting fast real‐time PCR. Protocols were tested for DNA extraction from pollen sampled with volumetric and gravimetric methods. A fragment of the matK plastidial gene was amplified and sequenced in Poaceae species known to have high allergological impact. Species‐ and subfamily‐specific primer–probe systems were designed and tested in fast real‐time PCRs to evaluate the presence of these taxa in aerobiological pollen samples. Species‐specific systems were obtained for four of five studied species. A primer–probe set was also proposed for the detection of Pooideae (a grass subfamily that includes also major cereal grains) in aerobiological samples, as this subfamily includes species carrying both grass allergens from groups 1 and 5. These, among the 11 groups in which grass pollen allergens are classified, are considered responsible for the most frequent and severe symptoms. 相似文献
11.
Giorgio Crosta Franco Brunetta Maria Luisa Ortelli Antonio Cavallo Roberto Bertolini 《Aerobiologia》1996,12(2):133-137
In the last 2 years, we have conducted an aerobiological monitoring program ofCryptomeria japonica, a plant belonging to the family of Taxodiaceae that sometimes causes pollinosis in the period from February to April. Throughout
1994, we checked the incidence of its sensitization and the clinical effects in 85 subjects with correlated seasonal symptoms,
who gave a positive skin prick test (SPT) for Betulaceae and/or Corylaceae. Twenty-five patients (29.4%; 19 M; 6 F; mean age,
38.8 years) all with oculorhinitis, were SPT positive to an allergenic extract ofCryptomeria. RAST confirmed this positivity in 44% of the cases. No patients showed monosensitization forCryptomeria to either SPT or RAST. Two subjects gave a positive result on specific nasal provocation. RAST inhibition showed no cross-reaction
betweenCryptomeria and birch pollen. During the pollen season each patient made a list, scoring symptoms and specifying any drugs used, so we
could correlate these elements with aerobiological observations. The pollen concentration probably exceeded the allergizing
threshold forCryptomeria on 8 days during 3 months of recording. The intensity and duration of symptoms seemed to be mainly influenced by sensitization
to Betulaceae and Corylaceae. It is thus possible that a combination of ‘minor’ pollinosis may produce seasonal symptoms in
allergic patients. 相似文献
12.
The aim of the study is to report a reliable airborne pollen spectrum composition and seasonal timings for the monitored area
as a basis for allergy management and to ascertain possible modifications through the detection of trends during the 20-year
time series (1989–2008). Pollen was collected at San Michele all’Adige (Trento, Italy) by means of a Hirst-type spore trap.
Sampling and counting of airborne pollen grains were carried out according to a national standard. Pollen concentration data
for the period were processed in order to characterize the main pollen seasons for a subset of taxa, selected on the basis
of their allergenicity and local representativeness. Variations in the pollen data over the years surveyed were analyzed using
non-parametric tests. The results showed the presence of 63 pollen taxa, 40 of which belonged to tree and shrub species and
23 to herbaceous species. The local pollen spectrum was characterized by the presence of highly allergenic taxa, such as Urticaceae,
Graminaceae, Ostrya sp., and Cupressaceae, in terms of percentage contribution as well as mean daily pollen count or peak values over the years
surveyed. A significant upward trend was observed for daily mean pollen amount, mainly due to pollen from woody species and
probably ascribable to a temperature-driven increase in pollen production. Evaluation of the results presented will form the
basis of further research focussed on the climate change-related causes of modifications to vegetational dynamics as well
as on the phenology of flowering and on pollen production. 相似文献
13.
Fabio Orlandi Herminia Garcia-Mozo Carmen Galán Bruno Romano Consuelo Diaz de la Guardia Luis Ruiz Maria del Mar Trigo Eugenio Dominguez-Vilches Marco Fornaciari 《International journal of biometeorology》2010,54(2):151-163
The aim of this study was to investigate the main climatic and biological trends related to olive flowering in central-southern
Italy compared to those in Andalusia, Spain. Results since 1982 were compared for the two long-series monitoring areas of
Cordoba and Perugia, and since 1992–1999 for the short-series areas. The relationship between climatic trends and the biological
response of the olive, a widespread culture in the Mediterranean basin, were investigated. An aerobiological method involving
capturing pollen released into the atmosphere was utilised as a bioindicator of flowering phenology. The study results confirm
the strong relationship between flowering periods and spring temperature trends for the olive. Temperature during March, April
and May was the parameter most related to flowering date in the study areas, particularly in Italy. In some cases we found
a significant correlation between flowering and past autumn temperatures, probably due to their effect on floral bud dormancy
induction, but this phenomenon appeared to be of minor importance in the studied areas. The phenological trend results show
the continuous advance of flowering dates to the late 1990s, followed by a relatively stationary time series related to a
short-term temperature fluctuation in the Mediterranean area. This latter period probably represents a mesoscale event forced
by a macroscale event—the North Atlantic Oscillation. The results reveal that the trend towards increased temperatures, and
the consequent flowering advance of some species, indicated some years ago is nowadays not as clear as was expected and should
be confirmed over the next few years in the Mediterranean areas under investigation. 相似文献
14.
Tommaso Bonofiglio Fabio Orlandi Carlo Sgromo Bruno Romano Marco Fornaciari 《Aerobiologia》2009,25(4):227-237
Airborne pollen concentration patterns reflect flowering phenology of a given species, and it may be a sensitive regional
indicator in climate change studies. This paper presents the relationship between a strategic biological event, such as olive
flowering, and the air temperature trend, registered over a large scale (1982–2007) in the Umbria region. The aim of the study
was to determine relationships between phenological behaviour (flowering) of olive trees and the air temperature trend (1982–2007)
in the Umbria region. The phenological data on flowering phase were registered indirectly through an aerobiological monitoring
technique. The obtained results showed a strong relationship between phenology and thermal trend. This characteristic was
confirmed from results of correlations between temperature (mean temperature from 1st March) and flowering dates, especially
that of full flowering (r = −0.9297). Moreover, the results showed an advance trend of 6, 8 and 10 days, respectively of start, full and end of flowering
dates. The advance of the recorded flowering time in this period is to ascribe mainly to the increase of mean temperature
and above all to that registered in months of May and June. 相似文献
15.
Phenological records as a complement to aerobiological data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rafael Tormo Inmaculada Silva Ángela Gonzalo Alfonsa Moreno Remedios Pérez Santiago Fernández 《International journal of biometeorology》2011,55(1):51-65
Phenological studies in combination with aerobiological studies enable one to observe the relationship between the release
of pollen and its presence in the atmosphere. To obtain a suitable comparison between the daily variation of airborne pollen
concentrations and flowering, it is necessary for the level of accuracy of both sets of data to be as similar as possible.
To analyse the correlation between locally observed flowering data and pollen counts in pollen traps in order to set pollen
information forecasts, pollen was sampled using a Burkard volumetric pollen trap working continuously from May 1993. For the
phenological study we selected the main pollen sources of the six pollen types most abundant in our area: Cupressaceae, Platanus, Quercus, Plantago, Olea, and Poaceae with a total of 35 species. We selected seven sites to register flowering or pollination, two with semi-natural
vegetation, the rest being urban sites. The sites were visited weekly from March to June in 2007, and from January to June
in 2008 and 2009. Pollen shedding was checked at each visit, and recorded as the percentage of flowers or microsporangia in
that state. There was an association between flowering phenology and airborne pollen records for some of the pollen types
(Platanus, Quercus, Olea and Plantago). Nevertheless, for the other types (Cupressaceae and Poaceae) the flowering and airborne pollen peaks did not coincide,
with up to 1 week difference in phase. Some arguments are put forward in explanation of this phenomenon. Phenological studies
have shown that airborne pollen results from both local and distant sources, although the pollen peaks usually appear when
local sources are shedding the greatest amounts of pollen. Resuspension phenomena are probably more important than long-distance
transport in explaining the presence of airborne pollen outside the flowering period. This information could be used to improve
pollen forecasts. 相似文献
16.
Phenological and aerobiological studies provide important information regarding the reproductive biology of cultivated species
such as the olive. This article presents the results of an exploratory study of the floral phenology of Olea europaea L. at different altitudes in Jaén province (SE Spain) and an analysis of the main meteorological factors affecting flowering.
As well, this study aimed to detect the relationship between phenology and olive pollen emission as a means of interpreting
Olea pollen curves in the city of Jaén. Phenological observations were performed on olive trees at six sites, each at different
altitudes and distributed over the whole area of olive cultivation in the province. Pollen data were obtained using a Hirst-type
volumetric spore trap located within the city of Jaén. Phenological and aerobiological data were recorded in 2006 and 2007.
This study shows that the chronology of the start of the flowering period depends on altitude. Statistical analyses indicate
that the temperature, humidity, cumulative rainfall and cumulative solar radiation are the meteorological parameters that
most affect olive floral phenology. The pollen season in Jaén generally lasts from May to June, with an annual total emission
of over 40,000 pollen grains, the highest annual level of olive pollen emission in the world. The airborne pollen concentrations
recorded in the city of Jaén are above all influenced by the olive groves located in the Guadalquivir valley. 相似文献
17.
F. Natali L. Cecchi T. Torrigiani Malaspina F. Barbano S. Orlandini 《Aerobiologia》2013,29(3):399-406
The aim of this study was to assess the current aerobiological situation and to investigate the influence of the hot and dry summer 2003 on pollen season (onset, end and duration of the pollen season, peak pollen day and value, total seasonal amount of pollen grains) of herbaceous family as Poaceae, Urticaceae and Compositeae. Heat wave of 2003 influenced the phenology of the main pollen families in Tuscany: the high temperatures occurred during 2003 affected pollen season of different family with different responses. This study confirms the role that the climate has on the flora species and in particular on herbaceous species phenology and the high variability of the pollination among different places, during extreme events. In general, high spring temperature induces an advance of the flowering period and a release of higher pollen quantity of Urticaceae and Poaceae; however, exceptional weather conditions (i.e., summer 2003) could exert an opposite effect, resulting in an impairment of flowering of Urticaceae during autumn. Compositeae species produced a low amount of pollen in 2003, even if the peak value was higher than the average in some stations. 相似文献
18.
Marcello Zambito Teresa Ferrara Cinzia Termini Salvatore Corrao Girolamo Passalacqua Antonino Salvia 《Aerobiologia》1992,8(3):341-344
Summary Epidemiological and aerobiological observations (1987;1989) have been carried out for three years in order to search the existing relationship between the Gramineae's daily pollen concentration in Palermo's atmosphere and the number of hay fever cases due to such pollen.The aerobiological data were obtained with a 2000 VPPS volumetric sampler. Clinical research was performed on 555 hay fever patients treated in our ambulatory over a three-year period (1987–1989).These data, elaborated by a seven day running mean method and correlated with epidemiological data, evidenced that three of the pollen families in our territory are clinically important: Urticaceae,Parietaria prevailing among them, Gramineae and Oleaceae,Olea europaea prevailing among them.The Gramineae are the second most important allergenic pollen (32,08% of all the pollinosis) whereas, as far as its concentration in the atmosphere is concerned; it ranks third followingParietaria and Oleaceae. 相似文献
19.
Although aerobiological data are often used in phenological research as an indicator of flowering, airborne pollen concentrations
are influenced by a number of factors that could affect pollen curves. This paper reports on a study of various aspects of
reproductive biology in Q. ilex subsp. ballota, together with environmental factors influencing pollen release and transport, with a view of achieving reliable interpretation
of Quercus pollen curves in Ourense (NW Spain). Aerobiological data were recorded from 2002 to 2004 at two sites in the province of
Ourense. From 1st February to the end of the flowering period, phenological observations were carried out on 19 trees from
the Q. ilex subsp. ballota population found in the Ourense area. Pollen production was calculated for the same trees. The chilling and heating requirements
for triggering development were also calculated. The mean flowering period lasted 11-15 days. Reduced pollen output per catkin
and, especially, a reduced number of catkins per tree in 2003 and 2004, prompted a marked decline in overall pollen production.
Major differences observed in Q. ilex subsp. ballota pollen curves were attributed to the considerable influence both of weather conditions during pollination and pollen production.
In years with high pollen production and weather conditions favouring pollen release, Q. ilex subsp. ballota contributed almost 10% to the total Quercus pollen curve. Around 20% of the pollen trapped was captured before or after flowering periods. 相似文献
20.
Bruno Romano 《Aerobiologia》1988,4(1-2):20-26
Summary The results of six years (1982–1987) of aerobiological study in Perugia (central Italy) are reported. During this period a
total of 80 different types of pollen belonging to 52 families were identified in the Perugia atmosphere. The highest percentages
of pollens were found in the mid-March to mid-July period. For main taxa principal periods of pollination were identified.
The outlines for the weekly issue in a newspaper of the concentration pattern of the allergenic pollens are reported. 相似文献