基于LNMF的癌症基因表达谱数据的特征提取

海量数据的存在是现代信息社会的一大特点,如何在成千上万的基因中有效地选出样本的分类特征对癌症的诊治具有重要意义。采用局部非负矩阵分解方法对癌症基因表达谱数据进行特征提取。首先对基因表达谱数据进行筛选,然后构造局部非负矩阵并对其进行分解得到维数低、能充分表征样本的特征向量,最后用支持向量机对特征向量进行分类。结果表明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于Fiedler向量的基因表达谱数据分类方法

尝试将一种基于图的Fiedler向量的聚类算法引入到基因表达谱数据的肿瘤分类中来。该方法将分属不同类的所有样本通过高斯权构造Laplace完全图,经SVD分解后获得Fiedler向量,利用各样本所对应的Fiedler向量分量的符号差异来进行基因表达谱数据的分类。通过模拟数据仿真实验和对白血病两个亚型(ALL与AML)及结肠癌真实数据实验,证明了这一方法的有效性。     

基于SVM和平均影响值的人肿瘤信息基因提取

基于基因表达谱的肿瘤分类信息基因选取是发现肿瘤特异表达基因、探索肿瘤基因表达模式的重要手段。借助由基因表达谱获得的分类信息进行肿瘤诊断是当今生物信息学领域中的一个重要研究方向,有望成为临床医学上一种快速而有效的肿瘤分子诊断方法。鉴于肿瘤基因表达谱样本数据维数高、样本量小以及噪音大等特点,提出一种结合支持向量机应用平均影响值来寻找肿瘤信息基因的算法,其优点是能够搜索到基因数量尽可能少而分类能力尽可能强的多个信息基因子集。采用二分类肿瘤数据集验证算法的可行性和有效性,对于结肠癌样本集,只需3个基因就能获得100%的留一法交叉验证识别准确率。为避免样本集的不同划分对分类性能的影响,进一步采用全折交叉验证方法来评估各信息基因子集的分类性能,优选出更可靠的信息基因子集。与基它肿瘤分类方法相比,实验结果在信息基因数量以及分类性能方面具有明显的优势。     

基于基因表达谱的疾病亚型特征基因挖掘方法

在本研究中,提出了一种基于基因表达谱的疾病亚型特征基因挖掘方法,该方法基于过滤后基因表达谱,融合无监督聚类识别疾病亚型技术和提出的衡量特征基因对疾病亚型鉴别能力的模式质量测度,以嵌入的方式实现特征基因挖掘。最后将提出的方法应用于40例结肠癌组织与22例正常结肠组织中2000个基因的表达谱实验数据,结果显示:提出的方法是一种可行的疾病亚型特征基因挖掘方法,方法的优势在于可并行实现疾病亚型划分和特征基因识别。     

基于熵信息处理和PCA的肿瘤基因表达谱分类识别

通过对基因表达谱数据的分析从而促进肿瘤诊断与治疗技术的发展,其研究正成为生物医学领域的一个热点。因此,提出了一种熵信息处理和主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）相结合的方法。首先运用熵信息对超高维基因表达谱数据进行粗选取,得到特征基因子集;由于基因子集仍存在相关性,进而利用PCA对其进一步冗余剔除;最后对得到的无冗余且具有正交性信息的基因特征进行真实数据实验。实验结果显示所采用的方法能有效去除肿瘤样本中的不相关和冗余信息,同时最大程度的保留肿瘤分类信息。与其他肿瘤分类方法相比,在精度上具有比较明显的优势,从而验证了该方法是有效的、可行的。     

基于基因表达谱的肿瘤分型和特征基因选取

在分析基因表达谱数据特性的基础上,提出了一个将之用于肿瘤分子分型和选型和选取相应亚型特征基因的策略。该策略包括三个步骤：首先采用一个无监督的基因过滤算法以降低用于分型计算的数据的噪声,其次提出了一个概率模型对样本中的分类结构进行建模,最后基于聚类的结果采用相对熵的方法获得对分类贡献大的基因作为特征基因,应用该策略对两个公开发表的数据集进行了再挖掘,结果表明不但获得了其他方法可以得到的信息,而且还提供了更精细、更具有显著生物学意义的信息,具有明显的优越性。     

基于基因表达谱的肿瘤特异基因表达模式研究

基于肿瘤基因表达谱, 利用生物信息学的方法, 从肿瘤与正常组织的样本分类入手就肿瘤特异表达基因的发现及其表达模式问题进行了分析和研究, 进而探讨了肿瘤在基因表达上的特点. 首先, 在分析肿瘤基因表达谱特点的基础上, 提出了基于Relief算法的样本分类特征基因选取策略; 然后, 以支持向量机为分类工具进行样本类型的识别, 以分类错误率为标准选取样本分类特征基因, 并对其中反映肿瘤与正常样本组织构成特点的组织特异表达基因进行排除以突出肿瘤样本真实的类别特征; 最后结合统计学方法, 从信息学的角度论证了分类特征基因在肿瘤组织中特异表达的确实性和普遍性, 并对这些基因在肿瘤组织中呈现出的特异的表达模式进行了分析.     

随机森林：一种重要的肿瘤特征基因选择法

特征选择技术已经被广泛地应用于生物信息学科,随机森林（random forests,RF）是其中一种重要的特征选择方法。利用RF对胃癌、结肠癌和肺癌等5组基因表达谱数据进行特征基因选择,将选择结果与支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）结合对原数据集分类,并对特征基因选择及分类结果进行初步的分析。同时使用微阵列显著性分析（significant analysis of microarray,SAM）和ReliefF法与RF比较,结果显示随机森林选择的特征基因包含更多分类信息,分类准确率更高。结合该方法自身具有的分类方面的诸多优势,随机森林可以作为一种可靠的基因表达谱数据分析手段被广泛使用。     

应用DNA芯片数据挖掘复杂疾病相关基因的集成决策方法

DNA芯片技术的迅速发展, 可同时检测成千上万个基因的表达谱数据, 为生命科学家们从一个全新的角度阐明生命的本质提供了可能性. 目前, 基因表达谱分析的工作大多集中在对癌症等疾病分类、疾病亚型识别等方面, 而从这些基因表达谱信息中挖掘反映疾病本质特征的相关基因, 是一项在后基因组时代更具挑战意义的科学研究, 基因挖掘由于缺少理想的数据挖掘技术而被忽视. 我们提出了一种新颖的特征基因挖掘的集成决策方法, 目的在于解决三个重要的生物学问题: 生物学分类及疾病分型、复杂疾病相关基因深度挖掘和目标驱使的基因网络构建. 我们成功地将此集成决策方法应用于一套结肠癌DNA表达谱数据, 结果显示这一新颖的特征基因挖掘技术在应用DNA芯片数据分析、挖掘复杂疾病相关基因等方面具有很高的价值.     

癌症基因表达谱挖掘中的特征基因选择算法GA/WV

鉴定癌症表达谱的特征基因集合可以促进癌症类型分类的研究,这也可能使病人获得更好的临床诊断?虽然一些方法在基因表达谱分析上取得了成功,但是用基因表达谱数据进行癌症分类研究依然是一个巨大的挑战,其主要原因在于缺少通用而可靠的基因重要性评估方法。GA/WV是一种新的用复杂的生物表达数据评估基因分类重要性的方法,通过联合遗传算法(GA)和加权投票分类算法(WV)得到的特征基因集合不但适用于WV分类器,也适用于其它分类器?将GA/WV方法用癌症基因表达谱数据集的验证,结果表明本方法是一种成功可靠的特征基因选择方法。     

A Class-Information-Based Penalized Matrix Decomposition for Identifying Plants Core Genes Responding to Abiotic Stresses

In terms of making genes expression data more interpretable and comprehensible, there exists a significant superiority on sparse methods. Many sparse methods, such as penalized matrix decomposition (PMD) and sparse principal component analysis (SPCA), have been applied to extract plants core genes. Supervised algorithms, especially the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method, always have good performance in gene selection. In this paper, we draw into class information via the total scatter matrix and put forward a class-information-based penalized matrix decomposition (CIPMD) method to improve the gene identification performance of PMD-based method. Firstly, the total scatter matrix is obtained based on different samples of the gene expression data. Secondly, a new data matrix is constructed by decomposing the total scatter matrix. Thirdly, the new data matrix is decomposed by PMD to obtain the sparse eigensamples. Finally, the core genes are identified according to the nonzero entries in eigensamples. The results on simulation data show that CIPMD method can reach higher identification accuracies than the conventional gene identification methods. Moreover, the results on real gene expression data demonstrate that CIPMD method can identify more core genes closely related to the abiotic stresses than the other methods.     

Tclass: tumor classification system based on gene expression profile

A method that incorporates feature selection into Fisher's linear discriminant analysis for gene expression based tumor classification and a corresponding program Tclass were developed. The proposed method was applied to a public gene expression data set for colon cancer that consists of 22 normal and 40 tumor colon tissue samples to evaluate its performance for classification. Preliminary results demonstrated that using only a subset of genes ranging from 3 to 10 can achieve high classification accuracy.     

Uncovering Community Structures with Initialized Bayesian Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Uncovering community structures is important for understanding networks. Currently, several nonnegative matrix factorization algorithms have been proposed for discovering community structure in complex networks. However, these algorithms exhibit some drawbacks, such as unstable results and inefficient running times. In view of the problems, a novel approach that utilizes an initialized Bayesian nonnegative matrix factorization model for determining community membership is proposed. First, based on singular value decomposition, we obtain simple initialized matrix factorizations from approximate decompositions of the complex network’s adjacency matrix. Then, within a few iterations, the final matrix factorizations are achieved by the Bayesian nonnegative matrix factorization method with the initialized matrix factorizations. Thus, the network’s community structure can be determined by judging the classification of nodes with a final matrix factor. Experimental results show that the proposed method is highly accurate and offers competitive performance to that of the state-of-the-art methods even though it is not designed for the purpose of modularity maximization.     

Gene classification using parameter-free semi-supervised manifold learning

A new manifold learning method, called parameter-free semi-supervised local Fisher discriminant analysis (pSELF), is proposed to map the gene expression data into a low-dimensional space for tumor classification. Motivated by the fact that semi-supervised and parameter-free are two desirable and promising characteristics for dimension reduction, a new difference-based optimization objective function with unlabeled samples has been designed. The proposed method preserves the global structure of unlabeled samples in addition to separating labeled samples in different classes from each other. The semi-supervised method has an analytic form of the globally optimal solution, which can be computed efficiently by eigen decomposition. Experimental results on synthetic data and SRBCT, DLBCL, and Brain Tumor gene expression data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Molecular pattern discovery based on penalized matrix decomposition

A reliable and precise identification of the type of tumors is crucial to the effective treatment of cancer. With the rapid development of microarray technologies, tumor clustering based on gene expression data is becoming a powerful approach to cancer class discovery. In this paper, we apply the penalized matrix decomposition (PMD) to gene expression data to extract metasamples for clustering. The extracted metasamples capture the inherent structures of samples belong to the same class. At the same time, the PMD factors of a sample over the metasamples can be used as its class indicator in return. Compared with the conventional methods such as hierarchical clustering (HC), self-organizing maps (SOM), affinity propagation (AP) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), the proposed method can identify the samples with complex classes. Moreover, the factor of PMD can be used as an index to determine the cluster number. The proposed method provides a reasonable explanation of the inconsistent classifications made by the conventional methods. In addition, it is able to discover the modules in gene expression data of conterminous developmental stages. Experiments on two representative problems show that the proposed PMD-based method is very promising to discover biological phenotypes.     

基因表达数据小波降噪与肿瘤识别

建立了基于小波降噪和支持向量机的结肠癌基因表达数据肿瘤识别模型.对试验数据进行小波分解,并利用交叉验证的方法计算试验样本的平均分类准确率,确定小波函数与小波分解层数;引入能量阈值方法对小波分解系数进行阈值处理,达到降噪的目的;提出了基因分类贡献率与主成分分析结合的方法,提取结肠癌样本数据特征;利用支持向量机强大的非线性映射能力,实现对结肠癌样本数据的非线性分类.为了减弱样本集的划分对分类准确率的影响,本文采取Jackknife检验方法对支持向量分类器的分类器检验,其分类准确率为96.77%.试验结果证明了该方法的有效性,该方法对结肠癌的识别具有一定的参考价值.